蛋白质在合成阳离子交换剂上的色谱特性研究

用国产材料按间接法合成了螯合型弱阳离子交换剂,详细研究了合成填料的色谱性能,并与商品柱的分离效能进行了比较;在宽温度范围内研究了蛋白质在弱阳离子交换系统中的色谱热力学,测定了蛋白质在色谱过程变性时的热力学参数 (△H0和△S0) 和补偿温度β,提出用标准熵变△S0判断蛋白质的构象变化和用△H0与△S0的补偿关系鉴定蛋白质各变体在色谱系统保留机理的同一性。考察了螯合型弱阳离子交换剂与金属离子的作用,研究了蛋白质在金属螯合色谱中的保留机理。     

采用柔性分子对接技术模拟蛋白质在疏水作用色谱上的保留行为

将蛋白质与疏水作用色谱(HIC)固定相相互作用分为直接非键/构象作用和蛋白质表面疏水效应两个热力学过程, 从而定量给出了处于浓盐析盐水溶液中HIC保留时间与配基/蛋白质结合自由能之间的二元线性关系. 通过ICM柔性分子对接策略及遗传算法(GA)对27个已知晶体结构的蛋白质与疏水配基的可能结合方式进行模拟和分析, 所得结果与实验观测情况吻合良好. 研究表明, 蛋白质局部疏水效应以及配基与蛋白质的非键/构象作用皆对HIC色谱保留行为影响显著, 且作用区域多集中于蛋白质表面突出部位.     

蛋白质在疏水作用色谱上的保留模型及其模型参数间关系的研究

在优先水化作用和相关作用原理的基础上,从热力学出发推导出蛋白质在高效疏水作用色谱(HIC)上的保留模型,建立了模型参数间的关系式,使过去观察到的经验规律有了理论依据,并利用上述模型解释了一些蛋白质在HIC上的重要色谱特性。     

蛋白质在疏水色谱中的变性热力学

研究21-80℃温度范围内一些蛋白质和小分子在疏水相互作用色谱中的热行为。利用Van't Hoff作图(lnk'-1/T)测定蛋白质分子的热力学参数(ΔH°, ΔS°和ΔG°), 根据标准熵变(ΔS°)和标准自由能变(ΔG°)判断蛋白质在色谱过程中的构象变化, 通过ΔH°-ΔS°的线性关系估计蛋白质变性时的"补偿温度"(β), 鉴定蛋白质在疏水相互作用色谱中保留机理的同一性。     

β-环糊精与莨菪类药物包结反应的热力学研究

研究了β-环糊精与四种莨菪类药物的包结反应.微量量热法研究表明,反应中均生成1:1包结配合物,并测出各反应的热力学参数K,△G°,△H°与△S°.~1H NMR谱表明,药物分子被包结在β-环糊精分子疏水性空穴内.初步讨论了反应作用力的性质、客体分子的手征性及其分子空间环境对包结反应的影响.     

疏水作用色谱中流动相组成对溶质保留行为的影响

 首次研究了疏水作用色谱 (HIC)中芳香醇同系物在不同种类盐流动相中的保留行为。以计量置换保留模型中的参数Z分析了HIC中小分子与生物大分子保留行为的差别 ,以及不同流动相组成对两种类型溶质的洗脱范围及洗脱能力的影响。与反相色谱相似 ,芳香醇在HIC中的保留仍存在同系物规律。比较了小分子和生物大分子在不同盐溶液中的Z值变化 ,表明流动相中的盐仅改变小分子与固定相的水合程度 ,而对生物大分子 ,除改变其和固定相水合程度外 ,还会影响生物大分子与固定相接触区的分子构象     

反相高效液相色谱中溶质保留过程的热力学研究Ⅲ: 熵变及其分量,吸附及解吸附熵变

从理论上推导出了用柱相比和不用柱相比时溶质在反相高效液相色谱保留过程中的总熵变△S~(~P~a~)的两个表达式, 后者亦为计量置换保留模型中线性参数与该过程热力学函数间的定量表达式。△S~(~P~a~)也能够被分成两个独立的分量,吸附熵变△S~(~Ⅰ~,~a~)和解吸附熵变△S~(~Z~,~D~)。依据液相色谱中溶质计量置换保留模型中容量因子与流动相中置换剂活度a~D间的定量关系, 对在不同a~D条件下熔质的总熵变、吸附及解吸附熵变进行了估算, 并用实验测定的总熵变△S~(~P~a~,~e~)与估算总熵变△S~(~P~a~,~c~)进行了比较, 获得了结果的一致性。本文对传统的"吸附伴随着熵减小, 相反, 解吸伴随着熵增大"的定性规律予以定量的说明。     

用芳香醇同系物研究疏水色谱的保留机理

首次研究了芳香醇同系物在疏水色谱（HIC）中的保留行为。同系物的保留符合同系物规律。随绝对温度倒数的增加，保留值先增大而后减小，符合Van‘t Hoff曲线方程。用计量置换保留模型中的参数表征了同系物分子的性质，揭示了HIC中小分子的保留在本质上与反相色谱相同，均由非选择性疏水作用力所控制。证明了用中性小分子作为溶质研究HIC保留机理是一个新方法，为研究生物大分子在疏水色谱中的保留机理奠定了基础。     

反相高效液相色谱中溶质保留过程的热力学研究Ⅲ: 熵变及其分量,吸附及解吸附熵变

从理论上推导出了用柱相比和不用柱相比时溶质在反相高效液相色谱保留过程中的总熵变△S(Pa)的两个表达式,后者亦为计量置换保留模型中线性参数与该过程热力学函数间的定量表达式.△S(Pa)也能够被分成两个独立的分量,吸附墒变面△S(I,a)和解吸附熵变△S(Z,D).依据液相色谱中溶质计量置换保留模型中容量因子与流动相中置换剂活度a_D间的定量关系,对在不同a_D条件下溶质的总熵变、吸附及解吸附熵变进行了估算,并用实验测定的总熵变△S(Pa,e)与估算总熵变△S(Pa,c)进行了比较,获得了结果的一致性.本文对传统的“吸附伴随着熵减小,相反,解吸伴随着熵增大”的定性规律予以定量的说明.     

多氯10-氧吩噁噻系列化合物的热力学性质及稳定性的密度泛函理论方法研究

采用Gaussian 03程序中的密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,在BHandHLYP/6-311G**水平上对135个多氯10-氧吩噁噻系列化合物(PCPTO)进行了全优化和振动分析计算,得到了各分子在298.15K,1.013×105Pa标准状态下的热力学参数.设计等键反应,计算了PCPTO系列化合物的标准生成热(△fH)和标准生成自由能(△fG),同时研究了这些参数与氯原子的取代位置及取代数目(NPCS)之间的关系.结果表明:熵(S),△fH,△fG与NPCS之间有很强的相关性(R2≥0.991).根据△fG的相对大小,从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性.以Gaussian 03程序的输出文件为基础,采用统计热力学程序计算了PCPTO化合物在200至1000K的摩尔恒压热容(Cp,m),并用最小二乘法求得Cp,m与温度之间的相关方程,结果发现Cp,m与T,T-1和T-2之间有着很好的相关性(R2=1.000).     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.