Keggin结构磷钼钨杂多酸的合成及其催化氧化燃油超深度脱硫的研究

以一种新型简便的低温酸化-醚萃取法制备了一系列Keggin结构磷钼钨杂多酸催化剂,其结构和组成经FT-IR, XRD和XRF表征,并对其进行催化氧化脱硫性能研究。结果表明,控制酸化溶液pH、采用低的滴加温度是实现钼钨比可控、合成具备Keggin结构的磷钼钨杂多酸催化剂的关键。以双氧水为氧化剂,考察磷钼钨杂多酸催化剂对模拟汽油中的噻吩、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩的氧化性能。研究发现,随着杂多酸钼钨比的增加,催化氧化脱硫活性呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中,H₃PMo_6.1W_5.9O₄₀杂多酸的催化氧化脱硫性能最优,对废机油裂解得到的汽柴油中噻吩类有机硫的完全转化时间为12 h。     

磷钼钨杂多酸还原态的电子自旋共振研究

合成了一个系列具有Keggin结构的磷钼钨杂多酸H~3PMo~1~2~-~nW~nO~4~0(n=0,3,6,9,11,12).用电子自旋共振(ESR)方法研究了这些杂多酸的还原性.结果表明,在还原态的杂多酸中,除了因失去桥氧产生的Mo^5^+信号A(其g~⊥^A=1.952, g~∥^A=1.852)外,钨取代后产生另一Mo^5^+信号B,其g~⊥^B=1.923,g~∥^B=1.877.该信号被认为是由于杂多酸中钼的端氧还原所致. 由此提出钨的取代影响了杂多酸的氧化还原性,即桥氧的稳定性相对增强,端氧的稳定性相对减弱     

磷钼钨杂多酸-L-半胱氨酸自组装膜电极的电化学性质

磷钼钨杂多阴离子通过分子间静电作用吸附在L-半胱氨酸自组装单分子膜修饰金电极表面,制备了磷钼钨杂多酸-L-半胱氨酸自组装超分子膜电极,探讨了成膜条件.采用循环伏安(CV)、计时库仑(CC)、水平衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)表征了膜的组成及电化学性质.实验发现,该膜电极在1.0 mol•L－1H2SO4溶液中,于0.8～－0.2 V(υs SCE)间CV扫描出现3对稳定、可逆的氧化还原峰,计时库仑法计算了薄膜内的电子传递系数D为 2.64×10－7 cm2•s－1,初步探讨了膜电极的氧化还原性能.     

杂多酸的固载化及其催化合成醋酸脂肪醇酯

本文研究了活性炭对磷钼钨杂多酸的固载化方法 ,结果发现使用蒸发法进行固载 ,当活性炭与磷钼钨杂多酸的质量比为 1∶0 75时 ,所得固载型杂多酸的催化效果最好。利用所制备的活性炭固载杂多酸型催化剂探讨了醋酸与各种一元脂肪醇的酯化反应 ,发现该催化剂对醋酸脂肪醇酯的合成均具有较好的催化效果 ,并且重复使用 4次 ,催化活性仍较高     

磷钼杂多酸—聚吡咯膜修饰碳纤维微电极的制备及其电化学性能研究

用电化学方法将磷钼杂多酸催化剂固定在导电聚吡咯膜电极上，从而制得具有表面功能的磷钼杂多酸掺杂的聚吡咯膜修饰碳纤维微电极。该电极既保持了磷钼杂多酸的电化学活性和电催化性能，又具有良好的稳定性，在酸性水溶液中不仅能催化还原ＣｌＯ３而且对ＮＯ６－２离子有有更显著的电催化还原作用。     

流动注射速差动力学化学发光分析Ⅱ微量磷的快速测定

本文根据磷钼杂多酸可直接氧化Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ产生化学发光的特性，建立了磷的流动注射化学发光分析方法。利用磷钼杂多酸、硅钼杂多酸、砷钼杂多酸形成速率的差异，在磷、硅、砷共存时，可不经任何分离，实现对水样和钢样中磷的快速测定。该法检出限为３．６×１０－５ｇ／Ｌ，线性范围２．０×１０－４～１．０×１０－２ｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差为１．８％（磷浓度１．０×１０－３ｇ／Ｌ；ｎ＝１１次）。采样频率４５样／ｈ。     

读者园地

问 :金属材料中测定磷的方法有哪些 ?江苏读者———张宏　　答 :目前 ,大多数测定磷的方法是以形成磷钼杂多酸为基础的吸光光度法 ,其中包括直接光度法和萃取光度法。方法基于在酸性溶液中 ,使磷转化为正磷酸 (Ｈ3ＰＯ4 ) ,再与钼酸盐作用 ,形成 12 磷钼杂多酸。由于磷钼杂多酸呈淡黄色 ,其吸收峰位于近紫外区 ,而过量的钼酸盐在紫外区也有强烈吸收 ,因而通常选择合适的还原剂并在适宜的还原条件下 ,将磷钼杂多酸还原成磷钼杂多蓝。磷钼杂多蓝最大吸收位于可见区或近红外区 ,灵敏度较高 ,故得到广泛应用。当有钒、铋、锑等离子存在时 ,正…     

读者园地

金属及合金中低含量磷的测定多数采用以形成磷钼杂多酸或三元杂多酸反应为基础的光度法。在形成上述的二元或三元杂多酸时都要求磷处于正磷酸根状态,因此在各种分析方法中在试样溶解过程中都有使磷氧化的措施。常用的氧化方法有加入高锰酸钾、过硫酸铵等试剂,也有人证明在王水溶液中煮沸数分钟也能使磷氧化。对一般样品而言,要使磷氧化是不困难的。但有以下两种情况时磷的完全氧化会遇到一些问题: 1.碳素钢用稀硫酸溶解时不仅会有部分磷以pH_3形态逃逸而且在溶液中还存在有少部分磷化物不被高     

流动注射示差动力学化学发光法测定微量硅

根据硅钼杂多酸氧化Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ产生化学发光的性质，以及硅钼杂多酸与磷钼杂多酸形成速度的差异，采用停流技术，在硅磷共存时，不经分离，实现了对和钢样中硅的选择性测定。该法检出限为２．０×１０＾－８ｇ／ｍＬ，线性范围１．０×１０＾－７－１．０×１０＾－５ｇ／ｍＬ，相对标准偏差为２．８％。     

磷钼钨三元杂多酸光度法测定药物中的抗坏血酸

研究了抗坏血酸与磷钼钨三元杂多酸的显色反应，提出了借磷钼钨杂多蓝测定抗坏血酸的分光光度法。最大吸收波长为７３０ｎｍ，抗坏血酸在０．０８～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内线性良好。回归方程为Ａ＝１．０５×１０４Ｃ＋０．０１７，线性相关系数γ＝０．９９９５，表观摩尔吸光系数ξ７３０＝１．０５×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，方法检出限为０．０４ｍｇ／Ｌ，回收率为９４～１０２％，相对标准偏差≤１．５％（ｎ＝８）。本方法由于钨钼的混合配位增强了氧化能力，较之二元杂多酸的方法，省去了水浴加热等操作，只需在室温下反应３０ｍｉｎ，吸光值至少可稳定６ｈ。过量的黄色杂多酸可加入适量的氢氧化钠溶液分解，从而获得色泽纯正的高灵敏度显色体系。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.