CeO2/SnO2纳米材料的制备与气敏性能研究

本文应用溶胶-凝胶法制备了7种不同成分和煅烧温度的CeO2/SnO2材料,应用X射线衍射方法对其中的3种进行了结构表征和粒度分析,运用自组装的气敏性能设备检测了该7种不同成分的CeO2/SnO2材料的气敏性能,简要分析了其气敏机理。结果表明:掺杂CeO2有利于SnO2晶粒的细化;掺杂CeO2和La2O3可改变或提高SnO2气敏材料对某些气体的气敏性能;煅烧温度在600℃~800℃之间,掺杂2?O2的CeO2/SnO2气敏材料,随煅烧温度上升,气敏性能下降;煅烧温度600℃、掺杂5?O2的CeO2/SnO2气敏材料,对乙醇具有较高的灵敏度和选择性,具有开发应用价值;CeO2/SnO2气敏材料的气敏机理为表面电导控制型。     

超声喷雾共沉淀法制备纳米氧化锡粉体及其气敏性研究

采用超声波喷雾技术,以SnCl4·5H2O和CO(NH2)2为前驱体原料制备了氧化锡以及Ce稀土离子掺杂纳米粉体.详细地研究了超声喷雾条件、反应时间以及化学组分对纳米SnO2粉体的形貌和尺寸的影响规律,以及前驱体沉淀物脱水化学处理的条件.用XRD,TEM研究了所获纳米粒子的晶相和形貌.结果表明,制备的SnO2纳米粒子呈球状,尺寸在10～20 nm,纳米颗粒均匀,分散性好.以该粉体为基础制备了相应的气敏元件,测定了气体灵敏度与温度和稀土元素掺杂的关系.研究测试表明,纳米SnO2半导体气敏元件对NO2气体有着良好的响应-恢复特性,并且具有较高的灵敏度和较低的工作温度.稀土元素铈的掺杂能明显提高纳米SnO2粉体的气敏性能.     

共沉淀法制备的CuGa2O4及其气敏性能

采用共沉淀法制备了CuGa_2O_4粉体,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对CuGa_2O_4粉体进行了表征。研究了热处理温度和pH对CuGa_2O_4粉体气敏性能的影响,实验结果表明热处理温度为800℃,pH=6.00(热处理4h)条件下制备出的CuGa_2O_4粉体,在室温下(18±2)℃对三甲胺(TMA)具有较好的气敏选择性和较高灵敏度,对1 000μL·L~(-1)的TMA的灵敏度达到310.1,响应和恢复时间分别约为590和80 s,对1μL·L~(-1)的TMA的灵敏度可达到1.3。     

ZnO掺杂的SnO_2纳米纤维的制备、表征及气敏机理(英文)

以二水氯化亚锡(SnCl2·2H2O)为盐原料,采用静电纺丝的方法制备了SnO2纳米纤维.为了研究ZnO掺杂对SnO2形貌、结构及化学成分的影响,分别制备了不同含量ZnO掺杂的SnO2/ZnO复合材料.利用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪、扫描电镜(SEM)及能量色散X射线(EDX)光谱对材料的结晶学特性及微结构进行了表征.制备的SnO2/ZnO复合材料是由纳米量级的小颗粒构成的分级结构材料.ZnO含量不同,对应的SnO2/ZnO复合材料结构不同.表征结果表明ZnO的掺杂量对SnO2材料的形貌及结构均起着重要作用.将制备的不同ZnO含量的SnO2/ZnO复合材料进行气敏测试,测试结果表明,Sn:Zn摩尔比为1:1制作的气敏元件对甲醇的灵敏度优于其它摩尔比的气敏元件.讨论了SnO2/ZnO复合材料气敏元件的敏感机理.同时针对Sn:Zn摩尔比为1:1时表现出最好的气敏响应,分析了其原因,包括Zn的替位式掺杂行为、ZnO的催化作用、过量ZnO对SnO2生长的抑制作用以及SnO2与ZnO晶粒界面处的异质结.     

热解法制备纳米SnO2及其气敏性能研究

作为一种n型金属氧化物半导体，SnO2由于具有寿命长、灵敏度高和成本低等特点而一直是电阻式气敏传感器研究的热点．由于SnO2材料的气敏效应是晶粒表面控制型的，因此，SnO2的传感性能对其粒径和比表面积的大小有很强的依赖性．改进SnO2制备方法，提高其气敏效应一直是气敏传感器研究的热点．目前，文献报道的方法大多是以SnCl4为原料制备SnO2，而以其它锡盐为原料的研究则很少。本文以SnC2O4为原料，通过低温直接热解SnC2O4制得SnO2．所得产物具有粒径小、分布均匀和比表面积大的特点，且具有良好的酒敏特性，该产物的红外吸收出现明显的红移现象。     

一维Ga2O3/SnO2纳米纤维的制备及其气敏性能

通过静电纺丝法制备了一维Ga2O3/SnO2纳米纤维,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等方法对材料进行了表征,测试了不同Ga2O3质量分数(0、40%、50%、60%、70%、100%)的Ga2O3/SnO2纳米纤维(650℃,5 h)对应元件对三甲胺、丙酮、乙醛、乙酸、氨气、乙醇、甲醛7种气体的气敏性能。结果表明:在室温(25℃)时,60%(w/w)Ga2O3-40%(w/w)SnO2纳米纤维对三甲胺气体具有较高的灵敏度和较短的响应/恢复时间。对1000μL·L^-1三甲胺的灵敏度达到51;检出限达到0.8μL·L^-1,其灵敏度为1.3。     

掺杂La2O3的SnO2纳米颗粒的制备及对三甲胺气敏性能的研究

采用均相沉淀法制备了SnO2以及掺杂不同La2O3质量比的SnO2纳米颗粒,对材料进行TG-DTA热分析、Zeta电位测定及XRD表征,将材料制作成烧结式La2O3-SnO2复合材料气敏元件,并测试了元件对三甲胺的气敏性能。研究表明:所得粉体粒径在4~10nm之间,且SnO2粉体粒径随La2O3掺杂量的增加而减小。少量La2O3的掺杂显著改善了SnO2对低浓度TMA的灵敏度,工作电压5V时,La2O3掺杂量为5wt%的SnO2纳米颗粒对12μg/L和173μg/L TMA的灵敏度分别达到6.4和120。     

热处理温度对溶剂热合成Co3O4纳米片气敏和吸附性能之影响

以Co(Ac)2·4H_2O和六次甲基四胺(HMTA)为起始反应物,聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯(P123)为表面活性剂,在乙二醇(EG)和水混合溶剂中用溶剂热法得到中间产物,通过煅烧热处理制备了Co_3O_4纳米片。利用XRD、SEM和N_2吸附-脱附等方法进行了样品表征,研究了不同热处理温度对产物形貌和结晶度的影响,以及所制备纳米片的气敏性能。根据气敏测试和吸附性能结果,分析了气敏机理和吸附动力学。结果表明:热处理温度是影响产物形貌的关键因素,350℃是最佳的热处理温度,此时得到的纳米片最薄也最均匀。由于产物形貌变化改变了材料的比表面积,进而影响到产物的气敏性能和吸附性能。总体而言,纳米片厚度越小,比表面积越大,材料的气敏灵敏度和吸附效率越高。     

WO3纳米材料的H2S气敏特性

用于检测微量H2S气体的SnO2元件具有相当高的灵敏度，但响应—恢复时间较长，选择性的提高也受限制。本文用化学沉淀法合成了xwt.%SiO2-WO3(x=0，3，5，10，15)纳米粉体，研制出一系列烧结型气敏元件，工作温度为180℃，掺杂量为5％的气敏元件对H2S有很高的灵敏度和选择性，响应—恢复快，而且工作温度较低，有较好的应用价值。     

TiO_2/PtO-Pt复合膜和SnO_2/PtO-Pt复合膜氢敏性能的研究

将PtO Pt纳米粒子膜与TiO2 ,SnO2 纳米粒子膜复合 ,利用PtO Pt纳米粒子膜作为插入电极和催化剂 ,设计并研制出一类新型双层结构复合膜气体传感器 .采用TEM和SEM对薄膜的显微结构进行了表征 .对空气中 4 0 %H2 的氢敏性能研究表明 :2 0 0℃时 ,TiO2 /PtO Pt复合膜对氢气的灵敏度为 70 % ,而TiO2 纳米粒子膜无响应 .10 0℃时 ,SnO2 /PtO Pt复合膜的灵敏度为 92 % ,同样条件下 ,SnO2 纳米粒子膜的灵敏度仅为 4% .说明PtO Pt纳米粒子膜的催化作用能够显著提高TiO2 和SnO2 膜的氢敏性能 .另外 ,TiO2 /PtO Pt复合膜和SnO2 /PtO Pt复合膜均对空气中H2 有很高的选择性     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.