离子液体型表面活性剂C12mimBr与普通表面活性剂混合性质的研究

研究了离子液体型表面活性剂C12mimBr与阳离子表面活性剂Gemini 12-3-12, DTAB及阴离子表面活性剂SDS复配体系的性质, 并分别采用Rubingh-Margules模型和Rubingh-正规溶液模型计算了临界胶束浓度和混合胶团组成. 研究发现, 两表面活性剂分子结构的匹配性及带电头基之间的相互作用是影响混合溶液性质的主要因素. 对于分子结构差别较大的C12mimBr与Gemini 12-3-12的混合, 其行为远远偏离理想混合性质; 对疏水链长相同仅亲水头基不同的C12mimBr与DTAB则接近于理想混合; 而对C12mimBr＋SDS的复配体系, 正、负电荷间强烈的相互吸引使得混合体系大大偏离理想行为. 计算发现, 两种理论模型得到的混合胶团组成基本一致, 但Rubingh-Margules模型预测的临界胶束浓度比Rubingh-正规溶液模型要好     

氧杂氟表面活性剂及其与同电性碳氢表面活性剂混合溶液的表面吸附和胶团形成

研究了四种氧杂氟表面活性剂及其与同电性直链碳氢表面活性剂混合体系的表面活性;考察了混合体系中的表面吸附和胶团形成现象.在吸附层中分子间有明显的互疏作用,在溶液中倾向于各自形成胶团.还讨论了反离子结合度不同对理想混合胶团的组成及cmc的计算的影响,提出了一般的计算式.实验测得这些氧杂氟表面活性剂有较低的胶团反离子结合度.     

10-十一烯酸衍生物混合体系有序溶液与聚集体研究

对三甲基－[2-(10-十一烯酰氧乙基）]碘化铵CH2＝CH（CH2）8COOCH2CH2N（CH3）3I和N，N－[2-(10-十一烯酰甲基牛磺酸钠）]CH2＝CH（CH2）8CON（CH3）CH2CH2SO3Na的表面及聚集行为进行了研究。混合体系溶解度良好，在40cmc时仍为稳定胶团溶液。结合正规溶液理论计算了混合体系表面吸附层、胶团的组成及分子间作用参数。基于两亲分子几何结构及分子间相互作用原理对上述现象进行了合理解释，发现了少量长链脂肪醇促使正负离子表面活性剂混合胶团转化为囊泡的新现象。     

氧杂氟表面活性剂及其与同电性碳氢表面活性剂混合溶液的表面吸附和胶团形成

研究了四种氧杂氟表面活性及其与同电性直链碳氢表面活性剂混合体系的表面活性;考察了混合体系中的表面吸附和胶团形成现象.在吸附层中分子间有明显的互疏作用,在溶液中倾向于各自形成胶团.还讨论了反离子结合度不同对理想混合胶团的组成CMC的计算的影响,提出了一般的计算式,实验测得这些氧杂氟表面活性剂有较低的胶团反离子结合度.     

新型阴离子Gemini表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂C10E6混合溶液的胶团化的研究

研究了烷基苯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂Ia与非离子表面活性剂C10E6溶液混合胶团中分子间的相互作用. 通过表面张力法测定了Ia 和C10E6不同比例不同温度下的临界胶束浓度(cmc). 结果表明, 两种表面活性剂以任何比例复配的cmc比单一表面活性剂的cmc都低, 表现出良好的协同效应. 传统型非离子表面活性剂C10E6、Gemini表面活性剂Ia及混合物的cmc都随着温度升高而降低. 而且, 任何配比的混合胶团中两种表面活性剂分子间的相互作用参数β都是负值, 这说明两种表面活性剂在混合胶团中产生了相互吸引的作用. 混合表面活性剂体系的胶团聚集数比单一Ia的大, 但比单一C10E6的小. 向Gemini表面活性剂Ia胶束中加入非离子表面活性剂C10E6会使胶束的微观极性变小.     

酯基Gemini型季铵盐表面活性剂与SDS的相互作用

研究了酯基Gemini型季铵盐表面活性剂[Cm-1H2m-1COOCH2CH2(CH3)2N+(CH2)n+N(CH3)2CH2CH2OOCCm-1H2m-1]•2Br-(简称II-m-n, m=10, 12; n=3, 4, 6)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的复配体系的相互作用以及无机盐(NaBr)对复配体系表面活性的影响. 结果发现, 其复配体系具有显著的胶团化协同增效作用和降低表面张力的增效作用, 并且II-10-n与SDS的复配体系的增效作用具有等链长效应. II-m-n/SDS复配体系的胶团化协同增效作用随n增大而增强. 混合胶团中II-m-n与SDS的摩尔比均近似为1:1, 显示各复配体系的混合胶团均带电性, 因此NaBr的加入能增强复配体系的表面活性和促进混合胶团的形成.     

不等链长的碳氟、碳氢正负离子表面活性剂混合体系的表面活性

研究了全氟辛酸钠与溴化十四烷基三甲铵混合水溶液的表面活性. 测定了不同比例混合物水溶液的表面张力-浓度曲线, 得出临界胶团浓度(cmc)及监 界胶团浓度时的溶液表面张力(γcmc)值. 应用Gibbs吸附公式及吸附层中两表面活性剂分子相互作用参数法求出表面总吸附量、吸附层组成及两表面活性剂分别吸附量等. 指示此吸附层具有多分子层性质. 这可能是碳氢、碳氟正负离子混合体系的特点.     

烷基磷（膦）酸萃取剂钠盐与非离子表面活性剂AEO9混合体系胶团的…

本文研究了烷基磷（膦）酸萃取剂钠盐ＮａＥＨＥＨＰ，ＮａＤＴＭＰＰ，Ｎａ２（ＭＥＨＰ）与非离子表面活性剂ＡＥＯ９以不同比例复配后水溶液胶团的形成及分子间的相互作用结果表明混合胶团的形成使ＣＭＣ大大降低，分子间在胶团中的相互中弱为，Ｎａ２（ＭＥＨＰ）体系〉ＮａＤＴＭＰＰ体系〉ＮａＥＨＥＨＰ体系，分子间在表面层的作用小于同体系分子间在胶团中的相互作用，这一结果有利于混合胶团的形成。     

烷基磷（膦）酸萃取剂钠盐与非离子表面活性剂AEO_9混合体系胶团的形成和分子间的相互作用

本文研究了烷基磷（膦）酸萃取剂钠盐ＮａＥＨＥＨＰ，ＮａＤＴＭＰＰ，Ｎａ_２（ＭＥＨＰ）与非离子表面活性剂ＡＥＯ_９以不同比例复配后水溶液胶团的形成及分子间的相互作用，结果表明混合胶团的形成使ＣＭＣ大大降低。分子间在胶团中的相互作用强弱为：Ｎａ_２（ＭＥＨＰ）体系＞ＮａＤＴＭＰＰ体系＞ＮａＥＨＥＨＰ体系，分子间在表面层的吸引作用小于同体系分子间在胶团中的相互作用，这一结果有利于混合胶团的形成。     

全氟丁基磺酸钠与辛基三乙基溴化铵的相互作用

通过测定辛基三乙基溴化铵(C8H17N(CH2CH3)3Br,C8NE)与全氟丁基磺酸钠(C4F9SO3Na,C4F)组成的不同混合比的碳氢-碳氟正负离子表面活性剂混合体系的表面张力,得到不同摩尔比时C8NEC4F体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、cmc处的表面张力(γcmc)、总饱和吸附量、不同表面张力时表面吸附层的组成,利用Gibbs-Duhem方程求得cmc处的胶团组成。 采用规则溶液理论计算了胶团中分子间相互作用参数(βm),并求得cmc以上的胶团组成。 实验表明,C8NEC4F复配体系的cmc远远小于单体系的cmc,这也体现在该体系的βm负值很大,胶团内分子相互作用很强。 但是C4F与C8NE复配后γcmc较C4F单体系的变化幅度不是特别大(γcmc降低2~4 mN/m),这是由于C8NEC4F碳链的不对称性导致部分C8NE的碳链在溶液表面弯曲而覆盖了C4F端基CF3基团。 表面吸附层中氟表面活性剂相对于本体溶液是富集的,即使对于C8NE大大过量的体系,表面吸附层组成也在等摩尔附近;对于C4F过量的体系,C4F在表面吸附层中的比例比溶液中的略高。 随着表面张力的降低,表面吸附层的组成相对更偏向于氟表面活性剂。 cmc处的胶团组成随着体系中C4F含量的增大偏向于形成显著富含C4F的胶团,对于C8NE大大过量的体系,胶团组成接近等摩尔。 cmc之后的胶团组成接近等摩尔,主要归因于此时静电相互作用占主导,这和溶液配制过程中发现复配体系超过cmc一定浓度后就易生成沉淀的现象是相符的。     

Mixed micelles formed by SDS and a bolaamphiphile with carbohydrate headgroups

The formation of micelles in aqueous mixtures of a carbohydrate-based bolaamphiphile and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is investigated by surface tension and small-angle neutron scattering. The obtained values of critical micelle concentration (CMC) are analyzed within the framework of regular solution theory. Synergetic interactions between the bolaamphiphile and SDS are observed (parameter beta is negative; a minimum in the plot CMC vs composition). SANS data are collected for mixtures containing protonated and deuterated SDS. This gives us the possibility to conclude that mixed micelles with a homogeneous distribution of surfactant molecules within the micelle are formed. The shape of the micelles is found to be slightly oblate.     

Molecular dynamics study of free energy of transfer of alcohol and amine from water phase to the micelle by thermodynamic integration method

Free energy of transfer of methylamine, octylamine, methanol, and octanol from water phase to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelle has been calculated using thermodynamic integration method combined with molecular dynamics calculations. Together with the results for alkanes obtained in our previous study [K. Fujimoto, N. Yoshii, and S. Okazaki, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 074511 (2010)], the effect of polar group on the partition of hydrophilic solutes between water phase and the micelle has been investigated in detail at a molecular level. The calculations showed that the molecules with octyl group are more stable in the SDS micelle than in the water phase due to their hydrophobicity of long alkyl chain. In contrast, methanol and methylamine are stable in the water phase as well as in the micelle because of their high hydrophilicity. The spatial distribution of methylamine, octylamine, methanol, and octanol has also been evaluated as a function of the distance, R, from the center of mass of SDS micelle to the solutes. The distribution shows that the methylamine molecule is adsorbed on the SDS micelle surface, while the methanol molecule is delocalized among the whole system, i.e., in the water phase, on the surface of the micelle, and in the hydrophobic core of the micelle. The octylamine and octanol molecules are solubilized in the SDS micelle with palisade layer structure and are not found in the water phase.     

The interaction of an anionic gemini surfactant with conventional anionic surfactants

The interaction in two mixtures of an anionic gemini surfactant having N ,N -dialkylamide and carboxylate groups in a molecule, (CH2)2[N(COC11H23)CH(CO2H)CH2(CO2H)]2. 2NaOH (GA), and conventional anionic surfactants have been investigated in 0.1 M NaCl at pH 5.0. The two mixtures are GA/sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and GA/sodium N -dodecanoylglutamate (AGS) at a molar fraction of GA, alphaGA = 0.25 . Mixtures of both GA/SDS and GA/AGS exhibit synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness. The GA/SDS mixture also exhibits synergism in surface tension reduction efficiency and mixed micelle formation, whereas the GA/AGS mixture does not. The interaction in mixed adsorption film formation is stronger than that in mixed micelle formation for the two mixtures. The interaction in the formation of the mixed adsorption film and the mixed micelle for the GA/SDS mixture is stronger in both formations than that for the GA/AGS mixture. The stronger interaction for the GA/SDS mixture may be caused by the combination of the smaller minimum area per molecule at the air/water interface (Amin) of the head groups in the GA molecule and the larger Amin in the SDS molecule.     

苄泽类非离子表面活性剂与离子型表面活性剂复配性质研究

通过测定苄泽类非离子型表面活性剂Brij58、Brij76、Brij78与阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系的表面张力,研究了复配体系的形成胶束能力、降低表面张力效率、降低表面张力能力3种增效作用,并结合复配体系中表面活性剂分子间的相互作用参数进行了深入的讨论。研究结果表明,与阳离子表面活性剂复配时,Brij76/CTAB体系增效作用最强;与阴离子表面活性剂复配时,Brij58/SDS复配体系增效作用最强,而且苄泽类非离子型表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂复配增效作用更加显著。     

Solvation dynamics in aqueous anionic and cationic micelle solutions: sodium alkyl sulfate and alkyltrimethylammonium bromide

Solvation dynamics of the fluorescence probe, coumarin 102, in anionic surfactant, sodium alkyl sulfate (C(n)H(2n+1)SO(4)Na; n = 8, 10, 12, and 14), and cationic surfactant, alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (C(n)H(2n+1)N(CH(3))(3)Br; n = 10, 12, 14, and 16), micelle solutions have been investigated by a picosecond streak camera system. The solvation dynamics in the time range of 10(-10)-10(-8) s is characterized by a biexponential function. The faster solvation time constants are about 110-160 ps for both anionic and cationic micelle solutions, and the slower solvation time constants for sodium alkyl sulfate and alkyltrimethylammonium bromide micelle solutions are about 1.2-2.6 ns and 450-740 ps, respectively. Both the faster and the slower solvation times become slower with longer alkyl chain surfactant micelles. The alkyl-chain-length dependence of the solvation dynamics in both sodium alkyl sulfate and alkyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles can be attributed to the variation of the micellar surface density of the polar headgroup by the change of the alkyl chain length. The slower solvation time constants of sodium alkyl sulfate micelle solutions are about 3.5 times slower than those of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide micelle solutions for the same alkyl-chain-length surfactants. The interaction energies of the geometry optimized mimic clusters (H(2)O-C(2)H(5)SO(4)(-) and H(2)O-C(2)H(5)N(CH(3))(3)(+)) have been estimated by the density functional theory calculations to understand the interaction strengths between water and alkyl sulfate and alkyltrimethylammonium headgroups. The difference of the slower solvation time constants between sodium alkyl sulfate and alkyltrimethylammonium bromide micelle solutions arises likely from their different specific interactions.     

Interaction between a partially fluorinated alkyl sulfate and gelatin in aqueous solution

The interaction of a partially fluorinated alkyl sulfate, sodium 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl sulfate (C6F13CH2CH2OSO3Na), with the polyampholyte gelatin has been examined in aqueous solution using surface tension and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The 19F chemical shift of each fluorine environment in the surfactant is unaltered by the addition of gelatin, indicating that there is no contact between the gelatin and the fluorocarbon core of the micelle. The chemical shift of the two methylene groups closest to the headgroup is altered when gelatin is present, disclosing the location of the polymer. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactant, cmc = 17+/-1 mM, corresponds to an effective alkyl chain (CnH2n+1) length of n = 11. In the presence of gelatin, the cmc is substantially reduced as expected, cmc(1) = 4+/-1 mM, which is also consistent with an effective alkyl chain length of n = 11. In the presence of the fluorosurfactant, the monotonic decay of the SANS from the gelatin-only system is replaced by a substantial peak at an intermediate Q value mirroring the micellar interaction. At low ionic strengths, the gelatin/micelle complex can be described by an ellipsoid. At higher ionic strengths, the electrostatic interaction between the micelles is screened and the peak in the gelatin scattering disappears. The correlation length describing the network structure decreases with increasing SDS concentration as the bound micelles promote a collapse of the network.     

Free energy profiles for penetration of methane and water molecules into spherical sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles obtained using the thermodynamic integration method combined with molecular dynamics calculations

The free energy profiles, ΔG(r), for penetration of methane and water molecules into sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles have been calculated as a function of distance r from the SDS micelle to the methane and water molecules, using the thermodynamic integration method combined with molecular dynamics calculations. The calculations showed that methane is about 6-12 kJ mol(-1) more stable in the SDS micelle than in the water phase, and no ΔG(r) barrier is observed in the vicinity of the sulfate ions of the SDS micelle, implying that methane is easily drawn into the SDS micelle. Based on analysis of the contributions from hydrophobic groups, sulfate ions, sodium ions, and solvent water to ΔG(r), it is clear that methane in the SDS micelle is about 25 kJ mol(-1) more stable than it is in the water phase because of the contribution from the solvent water itself. This can be understood by the hydrophobic effect. In contrast, methane is destabilized by 5-15 kJ mol(-1) by the contribution from the hydrophobic groups of the SDS micelle because of the repulsive interactions between the methane and the crowded hydrophobic groups of the SDS. The large stabilizing effect of the solvent water is higher than the repulsion by the hydrophobic groups, driving methane to become solubilized into the SDS micelle. A good correlation was found between the distribution of cavities and the distribution of methane molecules in the micelle. The methane may move about in the SDS micelle by diffusing between cavities. In contrast, with respect to the water, ΔG(r) has a large positive value of 24-35 kJ mol(-1), so water is not stabilized in the micelle. Analysis showed that the contributions change in complex ways as a function of r and cancel each other out. Reference calculations of the mean forces on a penetrating water molecule into a dodecane droplet clearly showed the same free energy behavior. The common feature is that water is less stable in the hydrophobic core than in the water phase because of the energetic disadvantage of breaking hydrogen bonds formed in the water phase. The difference between the behaviors of the SDS micelles and the dodecane droplets is found just at the interface; this is caused by the strong surface dipole moment formed by sulfate ions and sodium ions in the SDS micelles.     

Effects of Cs and Na ions on the interfacial properties of dodecyl sulfate solutions

The competitive binding of counterions to anionic dodecyl sulfate ions in aqueous solutions of cesium dodecyl sulfate (CsDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixtures, which significantly influences the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface (or interfacial) tension of surfactant solutions, was investigated. The cmc and degree of counterion binding were obtained through electrical conductivity measurements. The curve of cmc versus the mole fraction of CsDS in the surfactant mixture was simulated by Rubingh's equations, which enabled us to estimate the interaction parameter in micelles (W _R) based on the regular solution approximation. The curve-fitting exhibited a slightly negative value (W _R=−0.1), indicating that the mixing (SDS+CsDS) enhances micelle formation owing to a greater interaction between surfactant molecules and counterions than in pure systems (SDS). On going from SDS, SDS:CsDS(75:25), SDS:CsDS(50:50), SDS:CsDS(25:75) to CsDS, interfacial tension at the hexadecane/surfactant-solution interface showed a negative deviation from the mixing rule (interaction parameter in adsorbed film W _A=−0.38), indicating the replacement of Na⁺ bound to anionic dodecyl sulfate by Cs⁺ ions owing to the stronger interaction between the Cs⁺ and the dodecyl sulfate ions. Droplet sizes of emulsion formed with hexadecane and aqueous dodecyl sulfate solutions were investigated using the light scattering spectrophotometer. The higher binding capacity of Cs⁺, having a smaller hydrated ionic size than Na⁺, also resulted in a negative deviation in emulsion droplet size in mixed systems. Received: 10 May 2000/Accepted: 11 August 2000     

表面活性素与三种长链烷基苯磺酸盐之间的相互作用

利用表面张力和荧光方法研究了表面活性素(surfactin)与3种长链烷基苯磺酸盐C16ABS、C17ABS和C18ABS之间的相互作用。计算了混合体系吸附单层和混合胶束中分子间的相互作用参数(βσ和βm)以及热力学性质。负的相互作用参数表明,尽管表面活性剂均为负离子型,存在静电排斥,但是混合后两者之间的排斥作用减弱,从而产生增效作用。这可能是由于烷基苯磺酸盐与surfactin在混合吸附单层和胶束中形成了一种既能减弱头基间静电排斥又能增强疏水链之间相互作用的空间结构所致。荧光结果显示,混合表面活性剂能形成更紧密、体积更大的聚集体,并且在高烷基苯磺酸盐含量时可能存在大型的棒、层状胶束或囊泡。     

Solubility measurement of methane in aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate at ambient temperature and near hydrate conditions

Solubility data of methane in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with different concentrations were measured at ambient temperature and near hydrate conditions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the number of methane molecules dissolved in each micelle of the methane + water + SDS system were calculated and compared with those of the ethylene + water + SDS system. The results demonstrated that the micelles could be formed in the SDS concentration range where an efficient promotion effect on hydrate formation was previously reported; the micelle solubilization to methane molecules was remarkable near hydrate conditions, and the ethylene molecules could be solubilized in micelles in preference to methane molecules.