基于“学习金字塔理论”的物理化学实验教学模式改革实践

介绍了东北林业大学物理化学实验课程教学中基于"学习金字塔理论"进行教学模式改革实践的情况。在实施实验教学过程中,通过增加"学生通过在线实验视频预习""学生为学生讲解实验""操作前学生小组讨论"和"操作后学生小组总结讨论"等学习环节,建立了一种有效的"以学生为中心"的实验教学模式,促进了学生综合素质和创新能力的培养,取得了良好的教学效果。     

用转化率计算动力学拆分中对映体过量的研究

本文从理论上讨论了酶催化不可逆动力学拆分反应中底物的对映体过量ee(S)与转化率c的定量关系式并通过实验数据对以上关系式进行了验证。     

在热化学教学中引入反应进度的概念

近年来国内外出版的一些物理化学教科书引入了反应进度(extent of reaction)的概念,只用于讨论化学平衡、反应速率等问题,在热化学中没有涉及反应进度的概念。仅M.L.McGlashan的Chemical Thermodynamics在热化学中提及到反应进度的概念,但对一些基础的定义、公式没有详细的讨论。在热化学教学中引入反应进度的概念,使一些概念表达准确简明,基本定律、公式推证     

DPDS和PCMB对氨基酰化酶Ⅰ不可逆抑制动力学研究

本文运用邹氏酶活性不可逆改变的动力学,研究了巯基试剂DPDS,PCMB对氨基酰化酶Ⅰ活性的不可逆抑制作用,判明了这些-SH试剂对于氨基酰化酶Ⅰ的反应类型,发现DPDS对氨基酰化酶Ⅰ的反应为非络合型反应,而PCMB对氨基酰化酶Ⅰ的反应则为络合型,同时,还测定了DPDS,PCMB对氨基酰化酶Ⅰ的不可逆抑制作用的微观速度常数。     

过氧化氢酶催化分解反应

为了有利于学生将酶催化与一般催化反应进行对照,我们在物理化学实验中测定过氧化氢分解反应速度常数实验的基础上,应用过氧化氢转化酶来研究过氧化氢酶催化分解反应的特征.     

以学生为主体开展物理化学实验"课程思政"教学实践

在物理化学实验课程教学中,为实现"课程思政"的有机融入,开展了以学生为主体的教学实践。根据物理化学实验教学的特点,以教师为主导提出课程思政目标,以学生为主体挖掘课程思政元素。教师引导学生在课堂讲解思政内容、在实验报告中总结思政内容,加强了师生互动和学生参与。期望为实验课"课程思政"教学改革提供参考。     

欢迎订阅《物理化学学报》

正2018年全国报刊杂志征订工作已经开始,敬请向贵单位推荐订阅2018年《物理化学学报》。《物理化学学报》是由中国科学技术协会主管,中国化学会和北京大学共同主办,北京大学化学与分子工程学院学报编辑部编辑出版的学术刊物。设有"亮点""通讯""展望""专论""综述""论文"等栏目,报导物理化学学科及交叉学科的基础研究及应用研究的创新成果。中国科学院院士唐有祺先生担任名誉主编,中国科学院院士刘忠范先生担任主编;编委会中有12位两院院士,     

欢迎订阅《物理化学学报》

正2020年全国报刊杂志征订工作已经开始,敬请向贵单位推荐订阅2020年《物理化学学报》。《物理化学学报》是由中国科学技术协会主管,中国化学会和北京大学共同主办,北京大学化学与分子工程学院学报编辑部编辑出版的学术刊物。设有"亮点""当期推荐""通讯""展望""专论""综述""论文""人物专访"等栏目,报导物理化学学科及交叉学科的基础研究及应用研究的创新成果。中国科学院院士唐有祺先生担任名誉主编,中国科学院院士刘忠范先生担任主编;编委会中有14位两院院士,2位     

欢迎订阅《物理化学学报》

正2018年全国报刊杂志征订工作已经开始,敬请向贵单位推荐订阅2018年《物理化学学报》。《物理化学学报》是由中国科学技术协会主管,中国化学会和北京大学共同主办,北京大学化学与分子工程学院学报编辑部编辑出版的学术刊物。设有"亮点""通讯""展望""专论""综述""论文"等栏目,报导物理化学学科及交叉学科的基础研究及应用研究的创新成果。中国科学院院士唐有祺先生担任名誉主编,中国科学院院士刘忠范先生担任主编;编委会中有     

欢迎订阅《物理化学学报》

正2020年全国报刊杂志征订工作已经开始,敬请向贵单位推荐订阅2020年《物理化学学报》。《物理化学学报》是由中国科学技术协会主管,中国化学会和北京大学共同主办,北京大学化学与分子工程学院学报编辑部编辑出版的学术刊物。设有"亮点""当期推荐""通讯""展望""专论""综述""论文""人物专访"等栏目,报导物理化学学科及交叉学科的基础研究及应用研究的创新成果。中国科学院院士唐有祺先生担任名誉主编,中国科学院院士刘忠范先生担任主编;编委会中有14位两院院士,2位     

将生物信息学与有机化学结合初探酶促反应原理与实践——介绍一个国外本科生实验并讨论其相关问题

21世纪是生命科学与信息科学高速发展的时代,化学作为理科的中心学科与此二者均有紧密的联系。伴随着各种交叉学科的诞生与发展,将信息科学技术整合有机化学方法并用于认知生物大分子进而解决生命科学问题也是大势所趋,而在生物化学与化学生物学基础教学中引入相关内容也具有前瞻性与必要性。国外化学本科的基础教育也切合时宜地以一个生物信息学的最常用软件PyMOL为例设计相关实验,让学生在了解反应中的有机化学机理的基础上,学习酶的三维结构,并探究酶催化该反应的原因。此设计结合了有机化学、生物化学、生物信息学、蛋白质结构生物学等多学科,可以加深学生对多肽与蛋白质的高级结构的认识,并为今后的生物化学学习与研究打下基础,同时有利于培养学生对于化学的兴趣,可谓一举多得。这对于培养交叉学科人才,做出开创性研究极为重要。对国内生物有机化学实验的设计有借鉴作用。     

Characterizing the Gel to Liquid Crystal Transition in Lipid-Bilayer Model Systems

A laboratory exercise that introduces differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is presented. In order to connect this basic physical chemistry technique with an application in the biological sciences, students investigated the thermodynamic properties of lipid-bilayer model compounds. DSC was used to characterize the gel-to-liquid-crystal transition for three phosphatidylcholines of varying acyl chain length. The laboratory exercise is suitable only for students with some background in physical chemistry and biochemistry.     

“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”中的物理化学教学

依托化学学科构建的"山东大学泰山学堂"培养模式,是以"培养一大批拔尖创新人才,使之成为相关基础学科领域的领军人物,并逐步跻身国际一流科学家队伍"为主旨。针对物理化学教学,关键是根据学生水平选择好教材,合理取舍授课的重点和内容,进行多元、多种、多次灵活授课;在传授物理化学基础知识、学习方法的同时,挖掘学生的创新能力,使学生具有较好的物理化学素养和强劲的适应能力。同时,注重理论和实验(课题组创新实验)结合,引导学生感悟"理论-实验-创新-创造-再理论"的认识深化过程。     

Natural Product Chemistry: From Plants to Human

Conventionally, natural product chemistry deals with the isolation, characterization, and synthesis of compounds from plants. It a broad sense, natural product chemistry may include all fields of biochemistry. Two projects are presented to illustrate the expanded definition of natural product chemistry. One deals with phosphatidylinositol (PI) and the key enzyme involved in its metabolism, PI-specific phospholipase C. The other project is on the structure-function relationship of human tumor suppressor p16.     

Azide-derivatized gold nanorods: functional materials for "click" chemistry

We describe herein the synthesis of functional gold nanorods suitable for carrying out "click" chemistry reactions. Gold nanorods modified with a copolymer containing sulfonate and maleic acid groups have been conjugated to a bifunctional azide molecule (amine-PEG-azide). The maleic acid molecules in the copolymer participate in carbodiimide-mediated amide bond formation with amine groups of the azide linker, whereas the sulfonate groups prevent nanorod aggregation in water. Spectroscopic and zeta-potential measurements have been used to confirm the successful surface modification of the gold nanorods. These azide-functionalized nanorods can carry out chemical reactions based on click chemistry. As a case study, we have demonstrated the "clicking" of azide-nanorods to an acetylene-functionalized enzyme, trypsin, by a copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The enzyme is not only stable after bioconjugation but is also biologically active, as demonstrated by its digestion of the protein casein. For comparison, the biological activity of trypsin conjugated to gold nanorods by two other commonly used methods (carbodiimide-mediated covalent attachment via amide bond formation and simple electrostatic adsorption) has been studied. The enzyme conjugated by click chemistry demonstrates improved biological activity compared with other forms of bioconjugation. This general and simple approach is easy, specific with higher yields, environmentally benign, and applicable to a wide range of analytes and biomolecules.     

Magneto-Mechanical Model of an Enzyme

It has always been difficult to clearly explain to biochemistry students how enzymes work. The idea of enzyme-substrate stereospecificity, active site, coupled reactions, inhibitor or activator effects, mono- and bisubstrate reactions or any other aspect related to the mechanism of action of enzymes are in general abstract and difficult concepts for students taking introductory courses in biochemistry. On the other hand, students are more familiar with mechanical or magnetic objects, and normally they have no problem understanding how they work. Accordingly, a magneto-mechanical model is proposed as a didactic resource to show in class how enzymes can catalyze biochemical reactions. This model is also helpful for introducing the concept of coupled reactions and many other structural and mechanistic aspects of enzyme reactions.     

Spectroscopic approaches to elucidating novel iron-sulfur chemistry in the "radical-Sam" protein superfamily

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), and M?ssbauer spectroscopies and other physical methods have provided important new insights into the radical-SAM superfamily of proteins, which use iron-sulfur clusters and S-adenosylmethionine to initiate H atom abstraction reactions. This remarkable chemistry involves the generation of the extremely reactive 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical, the same radical intermediate utilized in B12-dependent reactions. Although early speculation focused on the possibility of an organometallic intermediate in radical-SAM reactions, current evidence points to novel chemistry involving a site-differentiated [4Fe-4S] cluster. The focus of this forum article is on one member of the radical-SAM superfamily, pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme, and how physical methods, primarily EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies, are contributing to our understanding of its structure and mechanism. New ENDOR data supporting coordination of the methionine moiety of SAM to the unique site of the [4Fe-4S]2+/+ cluster are presented.     

浅析协同效应的理论模型与应用拓展

从基础物理化学分析入手,结合生物化学、生物无机化学、酶学和超分子化学等多学科实例,对协同效应的原理和应用进行系统性的全面阐述。以期对教学与相关科研有帮助。     

分析化学的“昨天、今天和明天”

简述了分析化学的发展历史。分析化学的"昨天",从基于物理化学的溶液理论,以目视可见为工具的"化学分析",进入以物理方法为基础的仪器分析,因此有人提出"化学正在走出分析化学";分析化学的"今天",因为它的主体任务是解决物质的分子原子结构和成分,所以又回归化学领域;对分析化学的"明天"寄厚望,分析化学走出历来仅仅以"为他人报告提供数据"的技术支持者的角色,成为"实际问题解决者",利用分析化学中综合分析的"剖析技术",为新产品开发创制的"反工艺研究"做出独特的贡献。     

通识教育课程“生活中的化学”教学探索与实践

General course education is an important way to cultivate innovative talents with comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical and aesthetic and broad basic knowledge. As a central, practical and creative subject, chemistry plays an indispensible role in the general education system to develop the comprehensive quality and innovation ability of students. This paper summarizes the teaching practice and characteristic feature of the general education course "Chemistry in Our Lives" offered by the author, aiming to further improve the teaching quality and achieve better teaching effect.