高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中的香兰素与乙基香兰素

建立了同时测定牛奶中香兰素与乙基香兰素含量的高效液相色谱法。首先对样品进行超声提取,再经酸沉淀蛋白质后进行分析。采用Ultimate XB–C18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇–0.01 mol/L磷酸溶液(体积比为30∶70),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为276 nm。香兰素与乙基香兰素在0.5~10μg/mL范围内线性良好,检出限分别为5.68μg/L和12.8μg/L,平均加标回收率分别为99.8%,98.4%。该方法简便,准确度高,重现性好,可用于牛奶中香兰素与乙基香兰素的日常检测。     

同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中香兰素和乙基香兰素

建立同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定化妆品中两种香兰素类香料的方法。取1 g样品，加入50μL质量浓度均为1 mg/L的香兰素-D3、乙基香兰素-D5混合同位素内标溶液，以甲醇为提取溶剂，溶解后定容至10 mL，在室温下超声提取15 min，离心分离后，取1 mL上清液用氮气吹干，再用1 mL 0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇(体积比为80∶20)定容，过滤后上机分析。经RRHD Eclipse Plus C₁₈色谱柱分离后，使用ESI源对目标物进行电离，在多反应监测模式下绘制色谱图，内标法定量。在5～100μg/L范围内，香兰素、乙基香兰素与内标的质量浓度比与对应色谱峰面积的比线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.999，方法检出限均为5μg/kg。空白样品加标回收率分别为87.8%～96.1%、80.1%～83.8%，测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.5%～3.8%、1.7%～4.6%(n=6)。该方法操作简便，可满足同时测定化妆品中两种香兰素类香料的要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品原料中N-乙酰神经氨酸

建立高效液相色谱法测定化妆品原料中N-乙酰神经氨酸含量的方法。以体积分数为50%的乙酸溶液为水解溶剂,样品于80℃水浴中加热30 min,以CAPCELL PAK SCX柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）为分析柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液（体积比为80∶20）,等度洗脱,流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温为35℃,采用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器测定,以色谱峰面积外标法定量。检测波长为205 nm,进样体积为10μL。N-乙酰神经氨酸的色谱峰面积与质量浓度在10.0～500.0μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9,方法检出限为0.12μg/mL,定量限为0.4μg/mL。样品加标平均回收率为97.7%～98.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.37%～1.36%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简便、高效,适用于化妆品原料中N-乙酰神经氨酸的含量测定。     

离子色谱法同时测定蛋白胨中氯离子、硫酸根离子、碘离子

建立离子色谱法测定蛋白胨中氯离子、硫酸根离子、碘离子3种阴离子的含量。采用氢氧化钾淋洗液发生器产生的KOH溶液为流动相,进行梯度淋洗,流量为1.0 mL/min。氯离子、硫酸根离子的质量浓度分别在0.5～200μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,碘离子的质量浓度在0.75～50μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数均不小于0.999,检出限分别为0.003,0.01,0.22μg/mL。样品加标回收率为92.94%～96.59%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.42%～5.70%(n=9)。该方法灵敏、高效,可用于蛋白胨中氯离子、硫酸根离子、碘离子的快速准确测定。     

离子色谱法测定2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中的氯离子

建立离子色谱法测定2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中氯离子的含量。样品用超纯水溶解稀释,过0.22μm滤膜;选用SH–AC–2阴离子分离柱,以30 mmol/L Na OH溶液作为淋洗液,流量为1.0 m L/min,进样体积为50μL,以抑制电导检测器测定氯离子的含量。氯离子的质量浓度在0.01~1.00 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.996,氯离子的检出限(S/N=3)为1.0μg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6),样品加标回收率为94.7%~103.5%。该方法简便、快速且灵敏,可用于2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸中氯离子的测定。     

GC–MS法测定塑料及其制品中三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯

采用气相色谱–质谱联用法检测塑料及其制品中阻燃剂三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯的含量。样品采用微波萃取,萃取温度为100℃,时间为10 min,浓缩样品溶液至近干后定容至1 m L,用0.45μm滤膜过滤,采用气相色谱–质谱联用仪进行定性定量分析。三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯的质量浓度在0.1~10.0μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数为0.999 8,检出限为0.02 mg/kg。空白样品加标回收率为85.1%~94.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差在1.60%~4.15%(n=7)之间。该方法准确度高,重现性好,可作为塑料及其制品中三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯的检测方法。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素的含量。烟用香精香料样品与萃取剂的比例为1g比100mL,在500W下超声萃取10min。在气相色谱分离中用DBWAXETR毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。以丙酸苯乙酯为内标物。香兰素和乙基香兰素的线性范围均为0.5~200mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.03,0.02mg·kg-1。加标回收率在91.4%~109%之间,测定值的日内相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.43%~2.2%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.67%~2.6%之间。     

原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量方法改进

基于原子荧光光谱法测定铋元素时检出限低、测定结果稳定且准确等优点,研究原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量的方法。在标准系列中加入相近浓度的铜元素标准溶液,原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量。称取0.1 g样品,加入10 mL硝酸溶解,10%硫脲-5%抗坏血酸溶液7.5 mL预处理样品。在20μg/L的铋标准溶液中加入6 mL浓度为1000μg/mL的铜元素标准溶液。结果表明:在0~20μg/L范围内,该方法线性关系良好,线性方程为I=138.1670c+43.8572,相关系数为0.9996,所测定的样品中铋元素含量的相对误差在-4.3%~7.7%之间,精密度在0.4%~4.7%之间。原子荧光光谱法可作为铜合金中铋元素含量测定的方法。     

高效液相色谱自动衍生荧光法测定鱼酱油中牛磺酸的含量

采用邻苯二甲醛/巯基乙胺混合溶液为荧光衍生化试剂,设置仪器自动衍生化程序,高效液相色谱荧光法检测鱼酱油中的牛磺酸。结果表明,在1.0～50.0μg/mL质量浓度范围,鱼酱油中牛磺酸的含量与色谱峰面积线性相关,方法检出限为0.2μg/mL,样品检测结果的相对标准偏差小于2.0%,加标回收率98.7%～106.8%。建立的液相色谱法能够在10 min内检测鱼酱油中牛磺酸的含量,适用于各种鱼酱油中牛磺酸含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中香兰素和乙基香兰素的含量

对膏状样品取1.0g,加入四氢呋喃4mL溶解后用甲醇定容至10mL;对乳状、水状及固体样品取1.0g,加入甲醇至近5mL,涡旋振荡1min,用甲醇定容至10mL。将上述试样溶液超声提取15min,离心分层,取上清液,用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇与1.5%(体积分数)乙酸溶液按体积比35∶65组成的混合液为流动相,作色谱分离,在波长280nm处进行紫外检测。测得香兰素和乙基香兰素的质量浓度均在0.5~100mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)均为0.2mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率为91.3%~97.0%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.0%~1.7%。     

Rapid method for the determination of coumarin, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin in vanilla extract by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

A method is described for determining coumarin, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin in vanilla extract products. A product is diluted one-thousand-fold and then analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of 55% acetonitrile-45% aqueous acetic acid (1%) solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Peaks are detected with a UV detector set at 275 nm. Vanilla extracts were spiked with 250, 500, and 1000 microg/g each of coumarin, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin. Recoveries averaged 97.4, 97.8, and 99.8% for coumarin, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin, respectively, with coefficient of variation values of 1.8, 1.3, and 1.3%, respectively. No significant difference was observed among the 3 spiking levels. A survey of 23 domestic and imported vanilla extract products was conducted using the method. None of the samples contained coumarin. The surveyed samples contained between 0.4 to 13.1 and 0.4 to 2.2 mg/g vanillin and ethyl vanillin, respectively.     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定卷烟主流烟气中的香兰素和乙基香兰素

采用固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用技术,建立了一种同时测定卷烟主流烟气中香兰素和乙基香兰素的方法。方法优化了萃取条件,考察了萃取溶剂、萃取时间对检测结果的影响。通过硅藻土固相萃取柱净化并浓缩后,选取DB-HeavyWAX毛细管柱进行目标物分离,以香兰素-d3作为内标,对香兰素和乙基香兰素进行定量分析。结果表明,香兰素和乙基香兰素在浓度0.2~20.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,其检出限分别为9.1 ng/支和6.5 ng/支,回收率均在96.3%~107.7%之间。     

Determination of spices in food samples by ionic liquid aqueous solution extraction and ion chromatography

In the present work, a novel method to extract three kinds of spices, namely vanillin, ethyl vanillin and ethyl maltol from food products such as biscuit, chocolate and milk powder was developed. 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Omim]Cl) aqueous solution was selected as the extracting medium. A 0.5 g powder of food product was extracted by 5.0 mL of [Omim]Cl aqueous solution(0.3 mol/L, pH 6.0) under ultrasonication at 50 8C, and then the extract was centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 rpm. The extract was filtered through a syringe filter and injected into ion chromatography system for analysis. The separation of the three spices was carried out on an anion exchange column. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. Compared with traditional extraction solvents, [Omim]Cl aqueous solution displayed particular advantages. The applicability of the proposed method to real sample was confirmed. Under the optimal conditions, good reproducibility of extraction performance was obtained, with the relative standard deviation(RSD) values ranging from 1.9% to 6.3%. The recoveries of spiked samples were between 79.8% and 95.8%. The detection limits(LOD, S/N = 3) of vanillin, ethyl vanillin and ethyl maltol were in the range of 20–45 mg/kg. The use of ionic liquid aqueous solution as extraction solvent was operationally easy and environmental-friendly.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中4种常用香精

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中香兰素、乙基香兰素、麦芽酚和乙基麦芽酚4种香精的方法。样品用水提取,固相萃取小柱净化,目标化合物采用UPLC^TMBEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离,以甲醇和含0.002 mol/L乙酸铵及0.1%(v/v)甲酸的水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源电离、正离子多反应监测模式质谱检测。4种香精在5~500 μg/L或10~1000 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均在0.9995~0.9998之间;回收率为75.8%~116%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为1.58%~4.01%。该方法灵敏、准确,检测范围广,分析速度快,适合食品中香兰素、乙基香兰素、麦芽酚和乙基麦芽酚4种香精的检测。     

Simultaneous extraction and determination of trace amounts of diclofenac from whole blood using supported liquid membrane microextraction and fast Fourier transform voltammetry

A novel, simple, and inexpensive analytical technique based on flat sheet supported liquid membrane microextraction coupled with fast Fourier transform stripping cyclic voltammetry on a reduced graphene oxide carbon paste electrode was used for the extraction and online determination of diclofenac in whole blood. First, diclofenac was extracted from blood samples using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane impregnated with 1‐octanol and then into an acceptor solution, subsequently it was oxidized on a carbon paste electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. The optimal values of the key parameters influencing the method were as follows: scan rate, 6 V/s; stripping potential, 200 mV; stripping time, 5 s; pH of the sample solution, 5; pH of the acceptor solution,7; and extraction time, 240 min. The calibration curves were plotted for the whole blood samples and the method was found to have a good linearity within the range of 1–25 μg/mL with a determination coefficient of 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.1 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Using this coupled method, the extraction and determination were merged into one step. Accordingly, the speed of detection for sensitive determination of diclofenac in complex samples, such as blood, increased considerably.     

高效液相色谱法测定洗手液中水杨酸和对氯间二甲苯酚

建立高效液相色谱仪同时测定洗手液中水杨酸和对氯间二甲苯酚含量的方法。采用Shim-pack Scepter C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇–0.1%磷酸水溶液(体积比为70∶30),流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温为室温,检测器为岛津SPD–M20A二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为280 nm。水杨酸和对氯间二甲苯酚与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别为40~400 μg/mL,20~200 μg/mL,相关系数均为r^2=0.999 9。方法的检出限为0.1 μg/mL,水杨酸和对氯间二甲苯酚测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.79%,1.39%(n=5),加标回收率为96.9%~99.8%。该方法方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,能同时准确检测洗手液中水杨酸和对氯间二甲苯酚的含量。     

超声辅助提取-固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定污泥中12种多环芳烃

污泥样品(约1g)经30mL的体积比为1∶1的乙酸乙酯和丙酮的混合液超声提取1.0h。离心后,取上清液,用硅固相萃取柱进行净化,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定净化液中12种多环芳烃的含量。在气相色谱分离中采用HP-5MS石英毛细管色谱柱,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。12种PAHs的质量分数均在5~500μg·kg^-1内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限为2.29~14.50μg·kg^-1。以空白污泥样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为54.9%~108%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为0.10%~5.4%。     

Amperometric Determination of Cholesterol-Reducing Drug,Ezetimibe, Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Sodium Dodecylsulfate

A simple and sensitive electrochemical method is described for the determination of the cholesterol-reducing drug ezetimibe in aqueous solution. A glassy carbon electrode, modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and sodium dodecylsulphate was used as the working electrode. Ezetimibe yields a well-defined anodic peak at the surface of the electrode in an aqueous solution of pH 13. A linear amperometric calibration curve was obtained in the range of 1.2–78 μM (0.5–32.0 μg/mL) of ezetimibe, with a sensitivity of 88.6 nA/μM and a detection limit of 300 nM (0.12 μg/mL). The sensor was applied successfully to the determination of ezetimibe in pharmaceutical preparations.     

氢化物发生–原子荧光法测定地下水中的镉

建立用氢化物发生–原子荧光法测定地下水中镉的方法。探讨了还原剂硼氢化钾用量及地下水中共存元素干扰对镉测定结果的影响,优化了仪器工作条件。优化的实验条件:介质为2%的盐酸溶液;还原剂为2%的硼氢化钾溶液;载气为氩气,流量为510 mL/min;主阴极灯电流为60 mA。镉的质量浓度在0~10μg/L范围内与荧光强度的峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 2,检出限为0.03μg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.24%~6.07%(n=7),加标回收率为90.1%~103.0%。该方法具有较高的灵敏度、精密度和准确度,可用于地下水中镉的测定。