新型不对称酞菁锌的合成和表征

以4-硝基邻苯二甲腈为主要原料,合成了2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-四-(正庚酰胺基)-酞菁锌、2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-四-(甲氧基)-酞菁锌、2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-四-(对叔丁基苯氧基)-酞菁锌和2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-四-(苯氧基)-酞菁锌等4种对称型酞菁.在此基础上,选取4-对叔丁基苯氧基邻苯二甲腈为前驱体,采用概率法合成了含有氨基、羧基的2种不对称酞菁锌(A3B).     

酸掺杂聚苯胺修饰酞菁铜有机半导体气敏材料的制备及表征

本文以4-硝基邻苯二腈和对甲基苯酚为苯环源物质合成酞菁铜(CuPc),以苯胺为聚苯胺(PANT)源物质,并通过掺杂高氯酸(硫酸或硝酸)与CuPc聚合形成一种新的有机半导体材料酸掺杂聚苯胺修饰酞菁铜(CuPcxPANI1-x).通过质谱、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、差热失重等手段表征,结果表明:酞菁分子碎片分子量经质谱分析确...     

四取代羧基酞菁锌与白蛋白共价结合物的制备与光谱性质

通过成酰胺键的方式制备了一系列含羧基酞菁和白蛋白(牛血清白蛋白(BSA),人血清白蛋白(HSA))之间的共价结合物,所涉及到的酞菁分别是α-四(4-羧基苯氧基)酞菁锌(1)和α-四[4-(2-羧基乙基)苯氧基]酞菁锌(3),以及它们相应的β位四取代酞菁锌(化合物2和4).比较了游离酞菁以及它们的白蛋白结合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中的光谱性质.结果表明,当酞菁被共价固定于白蛋白大分子上之后,展现出比游离酞菁更明显的单体特征吸收,而且结合物中的酞菁光谱特征不受体系pH值变化的影响.羧基在酞菁环上的取代位置,对酞菁与白蛋白结合前后的光谱转变幅度有影响,α位取代比β位取代更有利于光谱的变化.化合物1和3的白蛋白共价结合物在PBS溶液中甚至呈现出单体形式为主的光谱特征,Q带最大吸收波长分别位于697和706nm附近.     

新型可溶性酞菁的合成和光致发光及电致发光性质

以3(4)-硝基邻苯二腈和对甲氧基苯酚为原料, 经过两步反应合成了α(β)-四(4-甲氧基苯氧基)酞菁锌, 通过谱学方法和元素分析表征了其结构. 比较研究其溶液和旋涂膜的紫外可见光谱、光致发光光谱和固体薄片的光致发光光谱. 并以其旋涂膜为发光层制备了电致发光器件, 研究其电致发光性质. 结果表明, 固态酞菁材料与其溶液的荧光发射波长相比均向长波方向移动了145 nm以上, 而且都有不同程度的宽展. 在固态下β-位取代酞菁荧光发射波长红移的程度比α-位取代酞菁大. 电致发光光谱的发射波长和其旋涂膜的光致发光光谱的发射波长基本一致, 大约在856和862 nm左右. 在固态下酞菁分子排列紧密, 分子间相互作用增强导致了荧光发射波长的巨大红移.     

不对称酰胺基卟啉及其锌配合物的合成,表征及光谱研究

以CH2Cl2为溶剂,通过5-(4-氨基)苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(MATPP)与异烟酸直接反应得到一种不对称酰胺基卟啉配体(H2P),并合成了其锌配合物(ZnP),利用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、元素分析等测试方法对化合物的结构加以确认.同时,结合光谱法初步研究了卟啉的自聚合性质.研究表明,紫外-可见光谱显示了卟啉的J-聚合特征,荧光量子产率由于自聚合而降低.     

卟啉和酞菁修饰的单壁碳纳米管的合成及光谱性质

利用5-(4-氨基苯基)-10,15,20-三(3,5-二辛氧基苯基)卟啉和2,9,16-三叔丁基-23-氨基锌(Ⅱ)酞菁通过酰胺键连接方式同时对单壁碳纳米管进行共价修饰, 通过红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和透射电镜对所得碳纳米管复合物进行了表征, 证实了其结构. 紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析表明, 光活性分子卟啉和酞菁均与单壁碳纳米管之间存在较强的电子效应. 经卟啉和酞菁共同修饰的单壁碳纳米管复合物比卟啉和酞菁单独修饰的碳纳米管复合物的吸光范围更宽, 而且分散性较好(309 mg/L), 是潜在的光电转换材料.     

二茂铁-酞菁-富勒烯超分子三元体系的构筑及光物理和电化学性质

采用富勒吡咯烷衍生物中的吡啶或咪唑基与二茂铁修饰的金属酞菁轴向配位构筑了二茂铁-酞菁-富勒烯超分子三元体系, 通过紫外-可见光谱滴定法测定了其配位稳定性(K_assoc约为8.58×10⁴ L/mol). 稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱研究结果表明, 在该超分子三元体系中发生了快速的光诱导电子转移(k_CS约为10⁹ s^-1), 并具有较高的电荷分离态量子产率(Ф_CS=0.88). 循环伏安法数据表明, 其电荷分离驱动力ΔG_CS为负值(-0.60 eV), 说明酞菁和富勒烯之间容易形成电荷分离态.     

四磺酸酞菁及其金属配合物的合成、表征及对1,5-萘二酚的光敏催化氧化性能

以4-磺酸钾邻苯二腈为原料合成了水溶性四磺酸酞菁(H₂PcTS)及其金属配合物(ZnPcTS, FePcTS, CoPcTS), 通过透析法提纯得到了纯度较高的产物. 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)及循环伏安(CV)等测试手段表征了四磺酸酞菁及其配合物的结构和性质. 结果表明, 磺酸酞菁在水溶液中存在不同程度的聚集现象, 金属离子的配位会对磺酸酞菁的光谱和电化学性质产生影响. 研究了磺酸酞菁作为光敏剂催化氧化1,5-萘二酚的反应, 发现FePcTS/H₂O₂催化体系对1,5-萘二酚具有良好的催化氧化性能, 氧化产物主要为5-羟基-1,4-萘醌. 比较了不同溶液pH值对FePcTS和H₂PcTS催化能力的影响, 初步探讨了该反应的催化机理.     

八-4-(四氢糠氧基)酞菁铕(HI)的双酞菁衍生物LB膜特性

合成了八-4-(四氢糠氧基)酞菁铕(Ⅲ)(A)、八-4-(正壬氧基)酞菁铽(Ⅲ)(B)、双酞菁铽(C)和八-4-硝基酞菁铽(D),通过元素分析、红外光谱、质谱和紫外-可见光谱加以确认.测定了配合物A的π-A曲线,表明有很好的成膜性,Z型沉积形成的石英LB膜具有很强的荧光响应,随着LB膜厚度增加,荧光强度增加.掺杂邻菲咯啉的混合LB膜荧光强度比纯膜强,但不是邻菲咯啉加入的量越多发光性越强.研究结果表明nA:nphen=1:10时有最好的荧光行为.同时研究了A和LB膜对于NH3,NOx(x=1,2)和Cl2的气敏性.当A和LB膜分别在NH3和NOx(x=1,2)为5×10-5时,未观察到响应.而Cl2气中,在2×10-6的情况下,迅速产生了响应.在低体积分数条件下(2×10-6～8×10-5),电导率随着Cl2体积分数的改变而呈直线变化.     

两种异马来二氰基二硫烯镍(II)-取代苄基喹啉鎓盐的制备及其光谱性质和晶体结构

以甲醇为溶剂,将异马来二氰基二硫烯酸钾[K2(i-mnt)]和六水氯化镍分别与溴化4-溴苄基喹啉盐([4-BrBzQl]Br)或溴化4-硝基苄基喹啉盐([4-NO2BzQl]Br)直接反应,得到两种新的离子对配合物[4-BrBzQl]2[Ni(i-mnt)2](1)和[4-NO2BzQl]2[Ni(i-mnt)2](2);测定了其红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱,并利用X射线衍射表征了配合物1的晶体结构.结果表明,配合物[4-BrBzQl]2[Ni(i-mnt)2]为三斜晶系,P-1空间群,其每个不对称单元含半个[Ni(i-mnt)2]2-阴离子和1个[4-BrBzQl]+阳离子,晶体中的阴、阳离子通过静电作用和C-H…S、C-H…N氢键作用形成网络结构.     

Electrooxidation of Chlorophenols Catalyzed by Nickel Octadecylphthalocyanine Adsorbed on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We described the synthesis of nickel octadecylphthalocyanine (NiPc(C₁₀H₂₁)₈), followed by its adsorption on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to form SWCNT‐NiPc(C₁₀H₂₁)₈ conjugates. SWCNT‐NiPc(C₁₀H₂₁)₈ was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and for the electrooxidation of 4‐chlorophenol and 2,4‐dichlorophenol. The SWCNT and NiPc(C₁₀H₂₁)₈ have a synergistic effect on each other in terms of improving electrocatalysis for the detection of chlorophenols. The stability of the electrode improved in the presence of NiPc(C₁₀H₂₁)₈ or NiPc compared to the bare GCE. The presence of SWCNT improves the electrocatalytic behaviour of NiPc(C₁₀H₂₁)₈ but not of unsubstituted NiPc. All modified electrodes showed improved stability towards the detection of 2,4‐dichlorophenol. The best stability for 4‐CP detection was observed in the presence of SWCNT for NiPc(C₁₀H₂₁)₈.     

Decorating nickel phthalocyanine periphery by aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole pendants: synthesis,characterization, and conductivity studies

We have decorated nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) periphery by four different aryl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole pendants. Introduction of aryl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole pendants into the NiPc core results in improved thermal stability, fine-tuning of the position of the Q-band with decrease in band gap, indicating effective electronic communication between the two different ring systems with NiPc core. The magnitude of DC electrical conductivity for aryl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole-substituted NiPcs 3a–3d is found to be ～10⁵ times higher than the parent NiPc (1). The temperature-dependent DC conductivity studies reveal semiconducting nature of the newly synthesized NiPc compounds with significant decrease in thermal activation energy (ΔE) compared to parent NiPc.     

Theoretical study of the binding nature of glassy carbon with nickel(II) phthalocyanine complexes

A theoretical study at the semiempirical RHF/PM3(tm) level (tm: transition metal) of the binding nature between a glassy carbon (GC) cluster and a nickel(II) complex (nickel(II) phthalocyanine NiPc, nickel(II) tetrasulphophthalocyanine NiTSPc) was performed. Three types of interactions for GC?NiPc (NiTSPc) were studied: (a) through an oxo (O) bridge, (b) through an hydroxo (OH) bridge, and (c) non-bridge. One layer (NiPc, NiTSPc) and two layers (NiPc?NiPc) of complex were considered. The binding energy calculated showed that in both cases NiPc and NiTSPc, the oxo structures are more stable than the hydroxo ones, and than the non-bridge systems. Charge analysis (NAO) predicted that GC gained more electrons in an oxo structure than in the analogues hydroxo. The theoretical results showed an agreement with the experimental data available, an oxo binding between GC and a nickel complex (NiPc, NiTSPc) in aqueous alkaline solutions is formed.     

A novel nitrite sensor fabricated through anchoring nickel-tetrahydroxy-phthalocyanine and polyethylene oxide film onto glassy carbon electrode by a two-step covalent modification approach

In this paper, we present a two-step covalent modification approach to fabricate a novel nitrite sensor through anchoring nickel-tetrahydroxy-phthalocyanine (NiPc(OH)₄) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The surface morphology of the prepared NiPc(OH)₄/PEO composite films under different dry conditions was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of NiPc(OH)₄/PEO composite film modified GCE toward the catalytic oxidation of nitrite in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). After drying under an infrared lamp, the fabricated sensor showed a pronounced electrocatalytic activity improvement toward the oxidation of nitrite and led to a significant decrease in the anodic overpotentials compared with bare GCE, which should be ascribed to the synergistic effect of NiPc(OH)₄ and PEO, as well as the enlarged electrochemical effective surface area after drying. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the sensor gave a linear response to nitrite over the concentration range of 0.1–5,300 μM, with a detection limit of 0.0522 μM. The nitrite sensor exhibits good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability and has been applied for the determination of nitrite in water samples.     

Designing nickel phthalocyanine periphery by alkyl chain via [1,3,4]-oxadiazole

Nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc, 1) periphery has been decorated by alkyl chains of varying chain length via [1,3,4]-oxadiazole moiety (NiPcs 3a–3f). All the newly synthesized compounds NiPcs 3a–3d have been completely characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, solid-state UV-Vis, and solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, in addition to X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The effect of chain length in the NiPc periphery on electronic absorption and DC electrical conductivity has been investigated.     

A Study of the Encapsulation of Nickel Phthalocyanine in Molecular Sieve Zeolites of the FAU Type

Nickel(II)phthalocyaninate spectroscopy (NiPc) was synthesized in the supercages of zeolite FAU by the template synthesis method at two different temperatures of 200 and 300°C and characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and IR. The results show that the catalyst synthesized at 200°C contains a higher amount of complex as monomeric species encapsulated in the supercages. At elevated temperature, higher amount of the NiPc may be hosted in the mesopores and/or on the external surface of the zeolite as aggregates.     

Development of a Chitosan/Nickel Phthalocyanine Composite Based Conductometric Micro-sensor for Methanol Detection

Thin-film composite of chitosan/nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was electrochemically deposited on the fingers of interdigitated gold electrodes, applying chronoamperometric polymerization technique. The presence of crystallized NiPc in the chitosan was confirmed by EDX and FTIR analysis. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol gas-sensing properties of the films prepared at optimum conditions were studied at atmospheric temperature, through differential measurements at an optimized frequency of 10 kHz, using a lock-in amplifier. The conductometric sensor presents the highest sensitivity of 60.2 μS.cm⁻¹(v/v) for methanol and 700 ppm as the limit of detection. For validation, the methanol content of a commercial rubbing alcohol was determined.     

Photophysics of octabutoxy phthalocyaninato-Ni(II) in toluene: ultrafast experiments and DFT/TDDFT studies

Reported herein is a combination of experimental and DFT/TDDFT theoretical investigations of the ground and excited states of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-Octabutoxyphthalocyaninato-nickel(II), NiPc(BuO)(8), and the dynamics of its deactivation after excitation into the S(1)(pi,pi) state in toluene solution. According to X-ray crystallographic analysis NiPc(BuO)(8) has a highly saddled structure in the solid state. However, DFT studies suggest that in solution the complex is likely to flap from one D(2)(d)-saddled conformation to the opposite one through a D(4)(h)-planar structure. The spectral and kinetic changes for the complex in toluene are understood in terms of the 730 nm excitation light generating a primarily excited S(1) (pi,pi) state that transforms initially into a vibrationally hot (3)(d(z)2,d(x)2(-)(y)2) state. Cooling to the zeroth state is complete after ca. 8 ps. The cold (d,d) state converted to its daughter state, the (3)LMCT (pi,d(x)2(-)(y)2), which itself decays to the ground state with a lifetime of 640 ps. The proposed deactivation mechanism applies to the D(2)(d)-saddled and the D(4)(h)-planar structure as well. The results presented here for NiPc(BuO)(8) suggest that in nickel phthalocyanines the (1,3)LMCT (pi,d(x)2(-)(y)2) states may provide effective routes for radiationless deactivation of the (1,3)(pi,pi) states.     

Effects of benzoannulation and alpha-octabutoxy substitution on the photophysical behavior of nickel phthalocyanines: a combined experimental and DFT/TDDFT study

The photophysical properties of a group of Ni(II)-centered tetrapyrroles have been investigated by ultrafast transient absorption spectrometry and DFT/TDDFT methods in order to characterize the impacts of alpha-octabutoxy substitution and benzoannulation on the deactivation pathways of the S1(pi,pi*) state. The compounds examined were NiPc, NiNc, NiPc(OBu)8, and NiNc(OBu)8, where Pc = phthalocyanine and Nc = naphthalocyanine. It was found that the S1(pi,pi*) state of NiNc(OBu)8 deactivated within the time resolution of the instrument (200 fs) to a vibrationally hot T1(pi,pi*) state. The quasidegeneracy of the S1(pi,pi*) and 3(dz2,dx2-y2) states allowed for fast intersystem crossing (ISC) to occur. After vibrational relaxation (ca. 2.5 ps), the T1(pi,pi*) converted rapidly (ca. 19 ps lifetime) and reversibly into the 3LMCT(pi,dx2-y2) state. The equilibrium state, so generated, decayed to the ground state with a lifetime of ca. 500 ps. Peripheral substitution of the Pc ring significantly modified the photodeactivation mechanism of the S1(pi,pi*) by inducing substantial changes in the relative energies of the S1(pi,pi*), 3(dpi,dx2-y2), 3(dz2,dx2-y2), T1(pi,pi*), and 1,3LMCT(pi,dx2-y2) excited states. The location of the Gouterman LUMOs and the unoccupied metal level (dx2-y2) with respect to the HOMO is crucial for the actual position of these states. In NiPc, the S1(pi,pi*) state underwent ultrafast (200 fs) ISC into a hot (d,d) state. Vibrational cooling (ca. 20 ps lifetime) resulted in a cold (dz2,dx2-y2) state, which repopulated the ground state with a 300 ps lifetime. In NiPc(OBu)8, the S1(pi,pi*) state deactivated through the 3(dz2,dx2-y2), which in turn converted to the 3LMCT(pi,dx2-y2) state, which finally repopulated the ground state with a lifetime of 640 ps. Insufficient solubility of NiNc in noncoordinating solvents prevented transient absorption data from being obtained for this compound. However, the TDDFT calculations were used to make speculations about the photoproperties.     

Electrode Modification through Click Chemistry Using Ni and Co Alkyne Phthalocyanines for Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrazine

This work reports on the development of sensors for the detection of hydrazine using glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with phthalocyanines through click chemistry. Tetrakis(5‐hexyn‐oxy) cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (complex 2 ) and tetrakis(5‐hexyn‐oxy) nickel(II) phthalocyanine (complex 3 ) were employed as electrode modifiers for hydrazine detection. The GCE was first grafted via the in situ diazotization of a diazonium salt, rendering the GCE surface layered with azide groups. From this point, the 1, 3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction, catalysed by a copper catalyst was utilised to “click” the phthalocyanines to the surface of the grafted GCE. The modified electrodes were characterized by scanning electrochemical microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The electrografted CoP 2 ‐clicked‐GCE and NiP 3 ‐clicked‐GCE exhibited electrocatalytic activity towards the detection of hydrazine. The limit of detection (LoD) for the CoPc‐GCE was 6.09 μM, while the NiPc‐GCE had a LoD of 8.69 μM. The sensitivity was 51.32 μA mM⁻¹ for the CoPc‐GCE and 111.2 μA mM⁻¹ for the NiPc‐GCE.