桂北摩天岭花岗岩体的地质地球化学特征及其意义

为研究摩天岭花岗岩体的地质及地球化学特征,分别测定了该岩体的主量元素,微量元素和稀土元素含量,并作了图解分析。结果表明,摩天岭花岗岩体在主量元素特征上表现为富钾,低钠、较低的／7,（Na2O）／n（K2O）,贫钙镁,富铁,w（A）／w（CNK）〉1．1,为强过铝质,具有华南产铀花岗岩的基本特征。微量元素特征表现为：富集强不相容元素,尤其是Rb、Th元素;而贫弱不相容元素zr、Hf、Sm、Y和Yb。Sr元素呈强烈亏损。稀土总含量较低,具有较低的轻重稀土分异,略富集LREE,亏损HREE,具有较低的埘（La）／w（Yb）。岩体具有强烈的负8Eu异常。摩天岭花岗岩体的岩石类型及地球化学特征表明其是S型花岗岩,其形成的构造环境判别图解显示摩天岭岩体具有火山弧花岗岩和同碰撞花岗岩的双重属性。     

大别山北缘暨邻区中新生代砂岩稀土元素的地球化学特征及对源岩的制约

肥西地区侏罗纪防虎山组、园筒山组和早白垩世周公山组稀土元素具有如下特征: ∑REE为157 μg·g-1,δEu为0.69,(La/Yb)N为11.1.根据稀土元素比值、方差和以及REE分布模型判断,类似于佛子岭群和卢镇关群,后者可能是前者的主要源岩.三尖铺组和黑石渡组具有高的稀土总量,∑REE为264.8,328.2 μg·g-1,高Eu负异常,δEu为0.57,0.67和低的Eu/Sm比值(0.18～0.19),不同于大别山地区变质岩,其源岩值得进一步研究.正阳关组稀土元素特征类似大别杂岩和卢镇关群,表明大别杂岩在新第三纪遭受剥蚀,和卢镇关群一并成为前者的源岩.淮南地区中生代砂岩具有低的稀土总量,∑REE为80.9 μg·g-1,δEu为0.66,(La/Yb)N为5.7,不同于大别山北缘砂岩以及变质岩,说明其物源不是来自于大别山地区.     

黔西南卡林型金矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

分析了黔西南地区板其、、丫他及戈塘等卡林型金矿床的(La/Yb)N、(La/Sm)N、∑REE及LREE/HREE等稀土元素的含量及参数特征.结果表明,该区金矿床相对富集LREE;该区戈塘金矿具有明显的MREE富集及正Eu异常的特点,表明成矿热液应该是一种还原性流体,来源于深部或至少经历过对富含斜长石源区的水-岩反应矿...     

太行山北段石湖金矿区中生代岩浆岩中单颗粒锆石的稀土元素特征及启示

对太行山北段中生代岩浆岩中的锆石稀土元素进行了分析,结果表明,花岗岩和花岗闪长岩样品中锆石的∑REE分别为747.08×10-6,704.84×10-6,δEu的均值分别为0.47,0.49,(Lu/Gd)N均值分别为23.55,24.12,锆石的稀土特征有着很强的一致性,反映岩体的中心相和边缘相有明显的亲缘性;而闪长岩和石英闪长玢岩样品中锆石的∑KEE分别为989.69×10-6,560.00×10-6,δEu的均值分别为0.56,0.75,(Lu/Gd)N均值分别为20.59,17.49.锆石的稀土特征有着明显得差异性,反映二者可能起源于不相同的岩浆源区,故岩体和脉岩的形成机制可能存在着差别.研究表明,(Lu/Gd)N和δEu是相对稳定的、是有指示意义的两个重要参数,∑LREE的值变化范围较大,尤其是La的丰度变化范围较大,所以EHREE/ZLREE和(Sm/La)N的指示意义并不明显.结合锆石测年结果和CL特征,可以认为该区与胶东等超大型金矿的形成具有一致的背景,即华北克拉通大规模岩石圈减薄及壳幔相互作用;相对起源最深的石英闪长玢岩岩浆携带深部含金流体(透岩浆流体)迁移上升,与低fO2的花岗质岩浆期后流体和地下水混合,在围岩片麻岩的裂隙中沉淀成矿.     

宿县-临涣矿区深部含水层水循环稀土元素示踪

为了凸显稀土元素在示踪深部地下水系统水循环中的应用基础意义,以宿县-临涣矿区深部开采主要突水含水层四含、煤系、太灰与奥灰为研究示范,选取深部主要突水含水层地下水样品稀土元素地球化学参数(LREE/HREE,(La/Yb)_N,δEu,δCe,(La/Sm)_N,(Gd/Yb)_N,Eu/Sm)与常规离子(K~++Na~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),SO_4~(2-),Cl~-,HCO_3~-,CO_3~(2-))作为分析变量,开展主成分分析的对比研究,阐明了深部地下水稀土元素地球化学参数的控制因子与稀土元素分异的水文地球化学机制。从而基于矿区地质与水文地质条件概化,在矿区主要突水含水层地下水稀土元素分布与分异研究的基础上,提出了补给水源分别从近水平、近垂直与混合三种渗流路径补充相应主要突水含水层的深部地下水循环模式。研究成果为矿区深部水害防治和深部水资源保护与利用提供理论依据。     

吉林夹皮沟金矿带的稀土元素地球化学研究

为了解吉林夹皮沟金矿带的成矿期次,利用稀土元素的示踪性,对夹皮沟金矿带含矿石英脉、花岗岩及变质地层斜长角闪岩等21个样品进行稀土元素含量测定。测定结果表明,石英脉ΣREE=19.12×10-6～147.57×10-6,δEu=0.61～1.22,平均值0.89,具弱的负Eu异常;太古代花岗岩ΣREE=121.40×10-6～157.32×10-6,δEu=0.87～1.09;中生代花岗岩ΣREE=69.78×10-6～90.95×10-6,δEu=0.94～1.02,LREE/HREE比值分别为11.51～14.12和14.16～16.73,后者轻重稀土分馏程度略高于前者;变质围岩ΣREE=22.40×10-6～275.86×10-6,δEu=0.75～5.79,平均值2.30,具明显的正Eu异常。三者都具有轻稀土富集的平滑稀土配分模型。结合其区域地质背景、流体包裹体和稀土元素特征,得出夹皮沟金矿存在两期成矿作用,分别对应于太古代成矿花岗岩岩浆作用及中生代燕山期花岗岩岩浆作用。太古代首次富集成矿,中生代燕山期叠加成矿并扩大成矿规模,成矿时代分别为2475～2469 Ma和170～160 Ma;结合稀土特征研究及包裹体研究,成矿流体以岩浆热液流体为主,遭受轻微地层变质热液混染,中生代成矿流体混染作用更强烈。     

中生代火山岩中锆石的稀土元素特征及应用——以冀北滦平地区中生代火山岩为例

通过对滦平地区中生代火山岩中锆石的稀土元素分析，表明髫髻山组顶部火山岩样品中锆石δEu的均值为0．49，（Lu／Gd）。的均值为21．87；然而，土城子组顶部层位、底部层位和张家口组底部层位火山岩样品中锆石的δEu，均值分别为0．15，0．06和0．09，（Lu／Gd）N的均值分别为14．51，15．66和16．25。反映了土城子组中锆石的稀土元素特征与张家口组中锆石的特征一致性，而与髫髻山组中的锆石有较大的区别，从而表明土城子组与张家口组中的火山岩有明显的亲缘性、一致性。结合笔者的同位素测定结果和锆石的阴极发光特征，得出以下结论：该地区的髫髻山组与土城子组之间不仅时间间隔长，而且火山岩的源区也有较大的区别；土城子组与张家口组之间不仅在时间上基本连续，而且火山岩的源区也有明显的一致性；该分析结果暗示了滦平地区的土城子组与张家口组之间不存在时间的间断和大的构造界面，是相同的地质背景下形成的，即二者之间应不存在构造转换界面和J3-K1界面。同时，研究表明，在壳源岩浆锆石的稀土元素分析中，（Lu／Gd）N、δEu是相对稳定的、有指示意义的两个重点参数；壳源岩浆锆石的∑LREE的值变化范围较大，尤其是La的丰度变化范围较大，所以，在锆石的稀土元素分析中，与La相关的各种比值的指示意义并不明显。     

河南省洛宁龙门店银铅矿稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义

龙门店银铅矿片麻岩和中性喷出岩具有相似的稀土配分模式,轻稀土富集,曲线右倾。前者稀土总量较低,平均105.99×10~(-6),δEu=0.71~5.59,总体呈正异常;后者稀土总量略高,平均194.81×10~(-6),δEu=0.84~1.08;花岗岩稀土总量较高,平均231.06×10~(-6),具Eu负异常,混合花岗岩及辉绿岩呈正异常;矿石稀土总量相对较低,平均108.5×10~(-6),Eu正异常和负异常交替出现。岩石和矿石均有轻重稀土分异明显的特征。从片麻岩→矿石→辉绿岩→混合花岗岩→安山岩类→花岗岩,稀土元素总量递增,显示了成矿热液对岩浆岩体的淋滤萃取和对围岩的叠加改造。矿体中的Y/Ho=26.29~37.16,集中于27~31,接近陨石比值,表明矿床形成过程中应该有岩浆热液加入,体现后期岩浆热液的特征,稀土元素总量变大。燕山期岩浆热液对矿石组分有一定的改造,Eu正异常和负异常同时出现,矿石稀土元素特征体现出后期叠加岩浆流体的部分反映。结合石英、黄铁矿、方铅矿及围岩的稀土元素配分模式对比,基本确定成矿物质主要来自岩浆热液,即与蒿坪沟岩体关系密切。     

湖州表层土壤稀土元素含量及分布特征

为了研究湖州表层土壤样品中稀土元素的分布特征,利用ICP-MS测定了土壤中稀土元素的含量。结果表明湖州表层土壤中稀土元素含量的大小顺序为：Ce＞La＞Nd＞Pr＞Sm＞Gd＞Dy＞Yb＞Er＞Eu＞Ho＞Tb＞Tm＞Lu,遵循Oddo-Harkins法则。湖州表层土壤中稀土元素的分量均值和总量均值皆高于全国水平,稀土元素存在显著的分馏现象,轻稀土元素明显富集。表层土壤中Ce和Eu都有部分亏损。     

宁都盆地典型脐橙园土壤稀土元素地球化学特征研究

为研究宁都盆地典型脐橙园土壤稀土元素地球化学特征,在宁都盆地内共采集30组土壤样品,对REE组成特征、配分模式、参数特征、Eu亏损原因进行分析和讨论。结果表明：土壤样品总稀土含量平均值为346.16 mg·kg^-1,分别是江西土壤稀土背景值、中国南方红土土壤稀土平均值、中国土壤背景值、北美页岩值、地壳值含量的1.64倍、1.97倍、1.84倍、1.85倍、1.83倍。园内所有样点配分曲线均呈现出右倾的几何形态,∑Ce/∑Y平均值为4.26,显示出土壤中轻稀土相对富集的特点,具有明显的Eu负异常。(La/Yb)_N,(Gd/Yb)_N参数值表明轻稀土元素具有更为显著的分馏作用。δCe,δEu计算结果显示,Ce负异常点主要集中在基岩岩性为花岗岩的土壤中;30组样品Eu则全部呈现出明显的负异常,表明区内土壤具有共同的陆源属性,以酸性岩为主,与区内大面积分布花岗岩相一致。土壤中Eu亏损的主要原因是成土母质存在一定的亏损及土壤发育过程中Eu发生氧化还原反应淋失产生的亏损叠加。La/Yb-∑REE图解显示白垩纪砂岩、砾岩基岩区土壤7组样...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.