聚烯烃共混物注射制品的形态控制与多层次结构

从注射制品形态控制和结构表征的角度探讨高分子材料加工-形态-性能之间的关系.研究中采用动态保压成型方法来制备注射样品,在注射成型过程中引入剪切应力场的作用,制得的样品表现出明显的多层次结构,从外向里分别为皮层、剪切层、芯层,表现出不同的相形态、结晶形貌以及取向行为.研究发现,剪切应力对聚烯烃的形态发展和结构变化具有重要影响.在剪切应力的作用下,聚烯烃共混物中分散相会发生变形、取向,从而导致共混物的相转变点发生移动;结晶形态从球晶转变为shish-kebab结构;聚烯烃共混物在高剪切应力下相容,低剪切下发生相分离;HDPE/PP共混物的注射制品中出现附生结晶等现象.     

机械振动对聚丙烯结晶作用的影响

对热塑性高分子作熔体加工时,在此过程中同时再叠加机械振动,设计制造的加工机器一方面具有卓越的技术经济指标,另一方面制品的物理性能也得到了提高[1,2].此类研究的重点多集中在动态成型过程中聚合物的流变行为或者成型后制品的力学性能方面[3,4],对聚合物本身在此外加交变力     

气辅注塑CAE模拟技术的理论基础及分析实例

阐述了CAE模拟技术在气体辅助注射成型模具设计过程中的重要意义；介绍了气体辅助注射成型充填流动分析及保压分析中塑料熔体所遵循的数学模型和粘度参数模型，并介绍了在粘性流体力学基础上对数学模型进行了合理的简化和假设的方法；运用CAE软件C—MOLD对汽车保险杠模具结构设计及成型工艺条件进行了气辅注射成型模拟分析，优化了气体充填成型工艺和充填效果，改善了制品表面质量和力学性能，提高了首试成功率。     

聚合物流动诱导结晶研究进展

在外力作用下,半结晶聚合物的结晶形态、结晶动力学等与静态条件下相比,均发生了较大的变化,并继而影响到成型制品的性能.自上世纪六十年代人们从溶液中发现外力诱导结晶现象以来,相继开展了大量相关的理论和实验研究,提出了一些模型,随着测试手段的改进,流动诱导结晶研究取得了较大的进展,但仍存在许多争议.本文回顾了围绕聚合物流动诱导结晶所开展的工作,重点综述了流动诱导结晶形态变化、分子量及其分布、剪切速率、温度等因素对聚合物结晶动力学的影响,并指出了今后的研究方向.     

气体辅助注塑成型技术—一项向传统注塑工艺挑战的未来技术

气辅注塑成型技术是为克服传统注塑成型和发泡成型的局限性面发展起来，近几年来才开始进入实用阶段的一种新工艺。它利用高压气体在注塑件内部产生中空截面，实现气体积压，消除制品缩痕，完成充填过程。     

反应注射成型聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络的进展

本文将介绍有关反应注射成型聚氨酯同步互穿聚合物网络（ＲＩＭ ＳＩＮ）方面的研究工作。综合文献报道和我们研究扬实验工作，重点描述了不饱和聚酯树脂或乙烯基酯树脂为刚性相的聚氨酯互穿聚合物网络，讨论了它们的生成反应动力学及其形态结构发展进程，并与样品力学性能相关联。     

聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料3D打印加工的研究

高分子材料3D打印加工可制备传统加工不能制备的形状复杂的高分子制件,是近年来发展很快的先进制造技术。但适用于3D打印加工的高分子材料种类少,结构功能单一,难以制备高分子功能器件。本文介绍了我们在聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料3D打印加工方面的研究工作:通过有机/无机杂化、固相剪切碾磨、超声辐照、分子复合等技术制备适合于选择性激光烧结(SLS)和熔融沉积成型(FDM)的聚合物基微纳米功能复合材料;实现了聚合物基微纳米功能复合粉体的SLS加工和功能复合丝条的FDM加工;研究了3D打印低维构建、层层叠加、自由界面成型、复杂固-液-固转变过程;建立了功能复合粉体球形化技术,发明了直接熔融挤出新型FDM打印机;制备了常规加工方法不能制备的数种形状复杂的功能器件,如尼龙11/钛酸钡压电器件、柔性聚氨酯/碳纳米管传感器、个性化人颌骨模型等,突破了传统加工难以制备复杂形状制品和目前3D打印难以制备功能制品的局限。     

环氧树脂固化过程中的黏弹性分析

环氧树脂在电子线路板、航空工业以及高性能运动器材行业有着广泛的应用,其成型工艺普遍采用反应注射浇铸成型技术,注射温度及时间、保温温度及时间对得到尺寸满意的制品具有重要意义.通过升温测试,获得了树脂黏度和动态模量对温度的演变关系;通过一系列不同温度的保温测试,获得了凝胶化时间对温度的关系.结果表明,可以通过黏弹性能有效示踪固化过程中的结构演变,从而为反应成型加工提供有效、有用的工艺参数.     

多流体多次注射成型HDPE制品的结晶形态

通过自主设计的多流体多次注射成型装置研究二次剪切应力场和复杂温度场对高密度聚乙烯晶体形态发展的影响.用偏光显微镜(PLM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了多流体多次注射成型(multi-fluid multi-injection molding,MFMIM)和传统注射成型(conventional injection ...     

聚丙烯及其共混物/共聚物体系动态流变行为研究进展

聚丙烯共混物、共聚物具有复杂的凝聚态结构,其结构形态、相容性和相分离的研究一直是该领域的中心课题。与常规研究方法(DSC、DMA等)相比,动态流变学方法在研究聚合物结构与形态方面具有独特的优势,对聚合物形态结构的变化十分敏感。本文根据动态流变学基本理论,重点介绍和评述了动态流变学方法在研究聚丙烯及其共混物/共聚物体系形态结构、相容性以及相分离方面的最新进展。动态流变学方法被证明是研究聚丙烯基多相/多组分体系形态结构、相容性和相分离的有效手段。     

A novel hierarchical crystalline structure of injection-molded bars of linear polymer: co-existence of bending and normal shish–kebab structure

The hierarchy structures and orientation behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) molded by conventional injection molding (CIM) and gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) were intensively examined by using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and 2D wide-angle X-ray diffraction (2D-WAXD). Results show that the spatial variation of crystals across the thickness of sample molded by CIM was characterized by a typical skin–core structure as a result of general shear-induced crystallization. Unusually, the crystalline morphologies of the parts prepared by GAIM, primarily due to the penetration of secondary high-compressed gas that was exerted on the polymer melt during gas injection, featured a richer and fascinating supermolecular structure. Besides, the oriented lamellar structure, general shish–kebab structure, and common spherulites existed in the skin, sub-skin, and gas channel region, respectively; a novel morphology of shish–kebab structure was seen in the sub-skin layer of the GAIM parts of HDPE. This special shish–kebab structure (recognized as “bending shish–kebab”) was neither parallel nor perpendicular to the flow direction but at an angle. Furthermore, there was a clear interface between the bending and the normal shish–kebab structures, which may be very significant for our understanding of the melt flow or polymer rheology under the coupling effect of multi-fluid flow and complex temperature profiles in the GAIM process. Based on experimental observations, a schematic illustration was proposed to interpret the formation mechanism of the bending shish–kebab structure during GAIM process.     

Role of gas delay time on the hierarchical crystalline structure and mechanical property of HDPE molded by gas-assisted injection molding

The relationship among the processing parameters, crystalline morphology, and macroscopic properties in injected molded bar becomes very complicated due to existence of temperature gradient and shear gradient along the sample thickness. To enhance the shear strength, gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) was utilized in producing the molded bars. The aim of our research was to explore the relationship between processing conditions and the spatial variation of the hierarchy structure as well as the mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) obtained via GAIM. In our previous work [Wang L, Yang B, Yang W et al (2011) Colloid Polym Sci 289:1661–1671], we found that the enhancement of the gas pressure can remarkably increase the degree of molecular orientation in the HDPE samples, which turns out to improve the mechanical performances of GAIM parts. In this work, the hierarchy structure, orientation behavior, and mechanical properties of molder bars under different gas delay time were investigated using a variety of characterization techniques including rheological experiments, scanning electron microscope, tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, and two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering. Moreover, the temperature field during the short shot stage of GAIM process was simulated using an enthalpy transformation approach. Our results indicate that these properties were intimately related to each other, and with prolonged gas delay time, GAIM samples with higher degree of orientation and improved mechanical properties were obtained.     

Hierarchical crystalline structures and dynamic mechanical properties of injection‐molded bars of HDPE: attributes of temperature field

The relationship among the processing parameters, crystalline morphologies and mechanical properties of injected‐molded bar becomes much complicated primarily due to the existence of temperature gradient coupled with the shear gradient along the sample thickness. The effect of thermal gradient field on the microstructural evolution, hierarchical structures and dynamic mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene parts molded via gas‐assisted injection molding (GAIM) were investigated using scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The three‐dimensional temperature profiles during the cooling stage under different melt temperatures of GAIM process were obtained by using a transient heat transfer model of the enthalpy transformation approach, and the phase‐change plateaus were clearly observed in the cooling curves. It was found that a variety of melt temperatures could induce considerable variations of the hierarchical structures, orientation behavior and dynamic mechanical properties of the injection‐molded bars. With reduced melt temperature, GAIM samples with higher molecular orientation and improved dynamic mechanical properties were obtained. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morphology and mechanical property of high-density polyethylene parts prepared by gas-assisted injection molding

The crystal morphology, melting behavior, and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) samples obtained via gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) under different gas pressures were investigated. Moreover, the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of HDPE under different cooling rates was also studied. The obtained samples were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering (2D-WAXS), tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy techniques. It was found that the properties were intimately related to each other. Macroscopically, the flow-induced morphology of the various HDPE samples was characterized with a hierarchical crystalline structure, possessing oriented lamellar structure, shish?Ckebab structure, and common spherulites in the skin, sub-skin, and gas channel region, respectively. The 2D-WAXS results demonstrated that the degree of orientation of the high gas pressure sample was larger than that of the low pressure sample at the corresponding layer. The tensile testing results of GAIM parts showed that the mechanical properties of the GAIM parts were improved with an increase of the gas pressure. Furthermore, the DMA was utilized to obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the GAIM samples, and the results indicated that significant improvement of the orientation was observed with an increase of the gas pressure.     

Combining foam injection molding with batch foaming to improve cell density and control cellular orientation via multiple gas dissolution and desorption processes

In contrast to solid parts fabricated through conventional injection molding (CIM), foamed parts manufactured via foam injection molding (FIM) exhibit substantial variations in mechanical properties, which are attributed to differences in the cellular structure. In this study, parts with different cellular structures are fabricated via FIM, during which the gas dissolution and desorption processes are controlled by subjecting the gas‐laden melt to reciprocating compression and expansion operations. The results suggest that the cell density can be drastically improved by rapidly decreasing the pressure caused by the mold opening and that the cell orientation obviously occurs in the direction perpendicular to the mold‐opening direction. Moreover, the cell density and cellular orientation can be adjusted by utilizing appropriate mold opening and closing operations, leading to improvements in the resultant ultimate mechanical properties. In particular, the foamed samples fabricated with controlled mold opening‐closing operations exhibit excellent tensile strength and strain‐at‐break, indicating that samples containing a high density of cells oriented along the tensile test direction facilitate the formation of superductility and an increase in tensile strength. Hence, a method that combines FIM with batch foaming has been proposed for improving the cellular structure and controlling the cellular orientation.     

Role of gas cooling time on crystalline morphology and mechanical property of the HDPE parts prepared by gas-assisted injection molding

In this study, the hierarchical crystalline structures of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) samples molded by gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) with different gas cooling times were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering, tensile testing techniques, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. It was found that the shish-kebab, the oriented lamellae, and common spherulite structures orderly distributed from the skin region to gas channel region of samples. More importantly, the wider area with highly oriented structure (shish-kebab) was obtained in the samples with longer gas cooling time, in that the longer gas cooling time tends to increase the cooling rate of polymer melt, and then much more stretched chains are retained. Although lower crystallinity, the higher degree of orientation, and much more shish-kebab structures lead to significant reinforcement from 28 to 785 MPa of the samples with gas cooling time of 0.5 s to 32 and 879 MPa of the samples with gas cooling time of 20 s for tensile strength and modulus, respectively. Finally, combined the HDPE molecular parameter with characteristic of the GAIM temperature field and flow field, the formation and stability of crystalline morphology in different regions of sample were discussed.     

Influence of scale effect and injection speed on morphology and structure of the microinjection molded isotactic polypropylene parts

The morphology and microstructure as well as their forming mechanism of the parts in microinjection molding process are critical. In this work, the coupling effect of scale factor and injection speed on the morphology of the microparts was systematically investigated. Neat isotactic polypropylene parts with thicknesses of 1 mm, 200 μm, and 100 μm were molded at different injection speeds. Polarized light microscope and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction were used to inspect the microstructures along the sample thickness. In this way, three kinds of typical morphology were observed in the parts, including typical skin‐core structure for the parts with the thickness of 1 mm, noncore shear layer structure for the parts with the thickness of 200 μm, and special skin‐core structure with large fraction of columnar crystal for the parts with the thickness of 100 μm. Most interestingly, it was intuitively and straightforward found that the wall slip occurs when the injection speed exceeds a certain value. Specifically, opposite morphological change trend can be obtained when the parts were molded at different levels of injection speeds. Based on these experimental observations, the formation mechanism was proposed to interpret the morphological evolution. Our work provides a new insight for better understanding the morphology evolution mechanism for microinjection molding parts.     

Altering the hierarchical morphology distribution of injection molded polyethylene by the introduction of crosslink network and periodical shear

High density polyethylene (HDPE) with moderate content of crosslink network (CPE) was successfully prepared through chemical method. Specimens for structural characterization have been molded by conventional injection molding (CIM) and pressure vibration injection molding (PVIM). Influence of crosslink network on hierarchical morphology distribution and mechanical properties was systematically studied. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) revealed that both CIM and PVIM PE samples have a typical “skin-core” structure and the thickness of shear layer of CIM PE and PVIM CPE samples obviously increase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that shish-kebab structures are clearly observed in shear layer of CIM CPE sample, indicating that the crosslink network can surely improve the formation of shish-kebab structures. Moreover, we suppose that shish-kebab structures emerged in shear and core layer of PVIM CPE sample. Wideangle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirmed that more orientation and shish-kebab structures form even in core layer of PVIM CPE sample, which demonstrated that the hierarchical morphology was apparently altered by periodical shear and crosslink network. Finally, the mechanical properties revealed that this oriented structure increase the tensile strength from 31 MPa of CIM PE sample to 46 MPa of PVIM CPE sample. However, the tensile behavior tended to change from ductile fracture to brittle fracture.     

在低频振动场中注射成型HDPE试样的力学性能及其形态控制

利用自行研制的低频振动注射实验装置探讨HDPE振动注射试样力学性能和微观形态之间的关系 .实验中对常规注射和振动注射成型的试样力学性能和微观形态进行了对比实验 .SEM实验结果显示 ,振动注射制件芯层的形态由常规注射的球晶转变为垂直于振动波传递方向排列的片晶结构 ,在剪切层中同时存在串晶或柱状堆砌的片晶结构 .频率的改变 (0 相似文献