基于氮掺杂碳量子点荧光猝灭效应检测Fe3+

碳量子点光致发光性质取决于尺寸大小和表面官能团的性质.本研究以还原冶炼过程产生的生物质焦油为前驱体,采用小分子乙二胺进行氮掺杂,通过一步水热法合成荧光产率高、分散性能好的氮掺杂碳量子点,基于Fe3+对氮掺杂碳量子点选择性荧光猝灭效应,实现了对Fe3+快速准确检测.合成的氮掺杂碳量子点为规则的球形,尺寸均一,平均粒径为2.64 nm,晶面间距为0.25 nm,具备石墨碳晶格(100)晶格结构,其荧光量子产率为26.1%;Fe3+与N-CQDs表面官能团配位络合致使N-CQDs荧光猝灭,Fe3+浓度在0.23~600μmol/L范围内,与氮掺杂碳量子点荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系,Fe3+的检出限为230 nmol/L.     

荧光碳量子点的绿色合成及高灵敏高选择性检测汞离子

本实验以苹果汁为原料,通过一步水热法合成得到了水溶性好及稳定性高的蓝色荧光碳量子点。研究发现Hg2+对碳量子点荧光有良好的猝灭作用,从而建立了一种快速检测Hg2+的新方法。实验发现在pH 7.0磷酸盐缓冲介质中碳量子点荧光猝灭强度与Hg2+浓度在5~100 nmol/L和1~50μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.3 nmol/L(S/N=3)。本方法可用于实际水样中Hg2+的测定。     

氮硫掺杂荧光碳量子点对水中汞离子的检测

基于Hg2+对碳量子点的荧光猝灭机制,建立了氮硫掺杂荧光碳量子点对水中Hg2+的快速检测方法。以柠檬酸钠、废水和二硫化四甲基秋兰姆作为碳、氮和硫源,通过一步水热法合成荧光碳量子点（CQDs）。考察了其光谱性质及pH值、反应时间、组分含量对荧光强度的影响,在其对Hg2+的检测过程中进一步考察荧光猝灭与反应时间、pH值的关系,并对猝灭反应动力学机理进行了分析。实验结果表明,Hg2+对CQDs的荧光猝灭反应快速,且溶液pH 7.0时荧光猝灭效果最优;荧光CQDs对Hg2+的荧光响应具有很好的选择性和抗干扰能力。在优化条件下,基于荧光CQDs的检测方法对Hg2+的检出限为0.95 μg/L,线性范围为1～6 μg/L。以地表水考察该方法的准确性,水样的加标回收率为100%～126%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.31%～3.9%。该方法适合于废水中Hg2+的现场、快速、便捷检测。     

以太西煤为碳源合成碳量子点用于铁离子检测的研究

以太西煤为碳源,采用硝酸氧化法辅助水热合成了具有绿色荧光的碳量子点(CDs)。该量子点具有良好的稳定性和水分散性,平均尺寸为3.64 nm。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱仪等对碳量子点的结构和光学性能进行表征。基于荧光猝灭原理,在最优检测条件下,Fe3+在0.6×10-6~2.5×10-6mol/L及3.0×10-6~21.0×10-6mol/L浓度范围内与CDs的荧光猝灭效率呈良好的线性关系,Fe3+的检出限为6.7×10-7mol/L。     

野酸枣氮掺杂荧光碳量子点高灵敏检测Hg2+

以天然产物野酸枣和色氨酸为原料,通过水热法一步合成量子产率为16.9%的氮掺杂荧光碳量子点。该碳量子点具有良好的水溶性和耐光性,在高盐环境中也呈现出了较高的稳定性。应用荧光光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对碳量子点进行了表征。此外,Hg^2+能够有效地猝灭碳量子点的荧光,猝灭机理为电子转移的动态猝灭。基于此,可将碳量子点作为荧光探针检测Hg^2+。方法对Hg^2+的检测范围为1~50 nmol/L,检出限为0.26 nmol/L,能够应用于实际水样中Hg2+含量的测定。     

CdTe量子点酸度敏感荧光探针测定水样中铵根离子含量

本研究在水相中合成了高质量的巯基乙酸包被的CdTe量子点.在pH 5.8～8.0范围内的PBS缓冲溶液中,CdTe量子点荧光强度与体系酸度存在良好的线性关系.利用NH+4 对量子点荧光的猝灭作用,实现了对水溶液中NH+4 的定量检测.在最优条件下,CdTe量子点酸度敏感探针荧光的猝灭程度与NH+4浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围为0.05～6.0 mmol/L,检出限为0.15 μmol/L.对1.0 mmol/L标准溶液平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为3.2%.利用标准加入法对水样中NH+4含量进行了测定,其结果与蒸馏-酸滴定法的结果基本一致.     

菜花碳量子点的一步合成及其与塞克硝唑的相互作用

以菜花为碳源,通过一步水热法合成了绿色荧光碳量子点,通过荧光光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外光谱对其发光特性进行了研究,测定了其荧光寿命及量子产率。研究发现,塞克硝唑对该碳量子点荧光具有明显的猝灭作用,在pH 7.10的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,碳量子点的荧光猝灭强度与塞克硝唑浓度在7.0×10~(-7)~3.0×10~(-5)mol/L范围内呈线性,相关系数为0.9991,方法检出限为1.9×10~(-7)mol/L。该方法用于样品中塞克硝唑的测定,回收率为98.8%~101.5%。通过荧光寿命和吸收光谱的变化以及温度对猝灭常数的影响,确定该碳量子点与塞克硝唑的猝灭机理为动态猝灭。     

碳量子点/壳聚糖复合物的制备及用于槲皮素检测

以柠檬酸三钠、11-氨基十一烷、聚乙二醇400为碳源,利用微波法制备了碳量子点,将其与壳聚糖反应,制备出碳量子点/壳聚糖复合物。采用荧光、紫外、红外光谱等对碳量子点和碳量子点/壳聚糖复合物进行表征,探究了温度、时间、缓冲溶液及pH对体系荧光强度的影响。在pH 7.6的硼酸—硼砂缓冲介质中,槲皮素可使碳量子点/壳聚糖复合物发生荧光猝灭,其猝灭程度与槲皮素浓度呈良好的线性关系,据此建立了碳量子点/壳聚糖荧光猝灭法测定槲皮素的新方法,方法线性范围为4~40μmol/L,相关系数为0.9940,检出限为0.5μmol/L。方法已应用于测定本地甜瓜中槲皮素的含量。     

水溶性功能化Ag2S量子点的合成及其对超痕量Hg2+的双模式分析应用

以巯基丙酸为稳定剂,在乙二醇存在下合成了水溶性功能化Ag2S量子点。研究了该量子点的特性及其与常见金属离子的相互作用,发现仅Hg2+能够猝灭该量子点体系的荧光并使溶液变色,基于该现象建立了裸眼-荧光双模式选择性识别水体中痕量Hg2+的新方法。实验数据显示,在裸眼模式下,常见金属离子中只有Hg2+使Ag2S量子点的颜色由黄色变为无色;在荧光模式下,常见金属离子中只有Hg2+对量子点荧光猝灭最大,并且随着Hg2+浓度的增大Ag2S量子点的荧光猝灭越来越显著。研究表明,Hg2+与Ag2S量子点的作用机制可能为电荷转移致使量子点聚集而发生荧光猝灭。在优化条件下,8.0×10-9～5.6×10-8 mol/L浓度的Hg2+与Ag2S量子点荧光的猝灭呈良好的线性关系(R=0.9903),检出限(S/N=3)为4.2×10-9 mol/L,裸眼可识别9.0×10-5 mol/L的Hg2+。该方法成功地应用于水样中超痕量Hg2+的检测。     

铝离子与羟基功能化荧光碳点的相互作用

研究了铝离子（Al3+）与表面带有大量羟基的荧光碳点之间的相互作用。 当Al3+的浓度在0.2~8 μmol/L时,碳点的荧光随其浓度的增大而逐渐被猝灭;继续增大Al3+的浓度,碳点的荧光逐渐恢复。 借助Zeta电位与动态光散射(DLS),初步探讨了二者的作用机理。 Al3+极易结合碳点表面的羟基,拉近碳点之间的距离引起碳点聚集,从而导致荧光猝灭;当碳点表面的羟基与Al3+完全配位后,碳点表面的负电荷转变为正电荷,由于静电排斥作用和空间效应,聚集的碳点重新分散,致使荧光恢复。 对比Cr3+和Fe3+与荧光碳点的作用,发现它们对荧光碳点只有较强的猝灭作用,在高浓度时却未出现碳点荧光恢复的现象,这归因于Al3+易形成两性氢氧化物。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.