微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱测定啤酒中的铜、锌、铁、锰、硒、锶

建立了微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱(MPT-AES)法测定啤酒中微量元素。考察了微波前向功率、工作气流量、载气流量等参数,确定了MPT-AES法测定各元素的最佳实验条件。在该条件下铜、锌、铁、锰、硒、锶的检出限分别为7ng.mL-1、46ng.mL-1、13ng.mL-1、8ng.mL-1、1.2ng.mL-1、5.6ng.mL-1。相对标准偏差(RSD)均在0.9%～4.8%之间,线性范围分别为0.1～100μg.mL-1、0.5～100μg.mL-1、0.5～100μg.mL-1、0.1～100μg.mL-1、0.01～10μg.mL-1、0.05～100μg.mL-1,加标回收率均在96%～110%之间。     

Ni(Ⅳ)配合物-鲁米诺流动注射化学发光体系测定人体尿液中皮质醇

建立了Ni(Ⅳ)-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定皮质醇的新方法。在优化条件下,测定皮质醇的线性范围为0.5~50ng·mL-1,检出限为0.05ng·mL-1。对20ng·mL-1的皮质醇标准溶液平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.56%。应用所建立方法测定了注射液和人体尿液中的皮质醇含量,结果满意。     

石墨烯量子点功能化多壁碳纳米管构建日落黄和酒食黄同时检测的电化学传感器

通过静电作用,成功将石墨烯量子点(GQDs)复合到多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)表面,制得石墨烯量子点-多壁碳纳米管复合物(GQDs-MWNTs),并对其进行了扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱表征。相对于单独的MWNTs修饰玻碳电极(MWNTs/GCE),GQDs-MWNTs/GCE表现出更好的导电性,以及对日落黄和酒食黄显著的电催化性能,这两者的峰电位差达到230mV;检测日落黄和酒食黄的线性范围分别为30~230ng·mL-1和40~600ng·mL-1,检测限分别为4.05ng·mL-1和8.06ng·mL-1。研究了日落黄和酒食黄的电化学行为和机理,并用于饮料中两物质的分析测定。     

动力学分光光度法结合化学计量学同时测定农药杀线威和抗蚜威

本文采用动力学分光光度法结合化学计量学方法对水样中的两种氨基甲酸酯类农药杀线威和抗蚜威进行测定.该方法基于酸性条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)能催化H2O2氧化罗丹明B而使其褪色,杀线威或抗蚜威存在时能使该反应速率降低,而且两者对反应速率的影响存在一定差异.实验对硫酸浓度、Cu(Ⅱ)浓度、罗丹明B浓度、H2O2的质量分数以及温度等条件进行考察.在选定实验条件下,杀线威和抗蚜威测定的线性范围分别为2～16μg·mL-1和1～15μg·mL-1,检测限分别为0.65μg·mL-1和0.41 μg·mL-1.实验采集波长554 nm处和反应时间0～600 s范围内动力学吸光度数据,并分别采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)和主成分回归法(PCR)处理,建立了定量回归模型并对合成样品进行测定以验证模型.该方法可应用于实际水样中杀线威和抗蚜威的同时测定.     

流动注射-氢化物发生-非色散原子荧光光谱法直接测定海水中的砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)的研究

用流动注射-氢化物发生-非色散原子荧光光谱法对海水中 As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的直接测定进行了研究.氢化物发生的最佳条件为:KBH4 溶液浓度为 5 g·L-1(含KOH 5g·L-1),流速 10.0 mL·min-1;样品酸度为1.3mol·L-1 HCl,流速4.2 mL·min-1.对基体 NaCl,MgCl2,CaCl2,Na2SO4以及微量共存金属离子(Cd,Zn,Pb,Cu)的干扰实验结果表明,基体和微量共存金属离子对 As(Ⅲ)的测定没有干扰.样品中As(Ⅴ)的测定用硫脲进行预还原,通过总量和As(Ⅲ)含量的差减得到As(Ⅴ)含量.在优化实验条件下测得方法的检出限(3σ)为0.08 ng·mL-1;7次测定的相对标准偏差为0.48%～1.30%(8.0 ng·mL-1标准溶液).标准曲线和标准加入法对海水样品测定的对照结果表明,两种方法测定结果吻合较好.该方法已应用于近岸海水和大洋海水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的直接测定.     

Al~(3+)-核固红-蛋白质体系的光谱特性及其分析应用

在pH为4.0时,Al3+与核固红形成的螯合物能够通过静电作用力和疏水作用力在蛋白质表面聚集形成聚集体。据此,提出了共振瑞利散射光谱法测定蛋白质的新方法。研究了体系的吸收光谱、荧光光谱及共振散射光谱。采用共振光散射技术测定了金属螯合物的组成。探讨了反应机理和共振光散射增强的主要原因。在440 nm处,人血清白蛋白(HSA)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的线性范围分别是0.2~12.0μg·mL-1和0.6~26.0μg·mL-1,对应的检测限分别是19.9 ng·mL-1和40.9 ng·mL-1。在584 nm处HSA和BSA的线性范围分别是0.05~6.0μg·mL-1和0.2~14.0μg·mL-1,检测限分别是11.5 ng·mL-1和23.3 ng·mL-1。方法可用于人血清、唾液和尿样中蛋白质含量的测定。将该方法的测定结果与考马斯亮蓝法的测定结果进行对照,经t-检验证明两种方法无显著性差异。     

利用SPR生物传感器检测牛奶中的氨苄青霉素残留

近年来,在食品安全检测领域,利用表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)传感器结合免疫测定方法进行痕量物质检测的技术得到了迅速发展。本文采用表面等离子共振生物传感器检测牛奶中的氨苄青霉素残留。从pH值、离子浓度和配体浓度三个方面讨论了实验条件对配体在传感器表面固定的影响,实验结果表明pH值为4.5、离子浓度为10mM以及配体浓度为400μg.mL-1为较佳实验条件。在此实验条件下对BSA-氨苄青霉素偶联物进行了固定,并采用该传感器对不同浓度的氨苄青霉素的水溶液和牛奶溶液进行了检测,最低检测限LOD分别为1.7ng.mL-1和1.8ng.mL-1,均低于氨苄青霉素的最大残留检测限(maximum residue limit,MRL)4.1ng.mL-1,验证了检测方法的可行性。     

博莱霉素铜配合物-DNA体系的共振瑞利散射及分析应用

用共振瑞利散射(resonance Rayleigh scattering,RRS)光谱和紫外吸收光谱及荧光光谱研究了博莱霉素(bleomycinA2,BLMA2)-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的形成及其与DNA的反应.在水溶液中,BLMA2和Cu(Ⅱ)能形成1:1的配合物,产生新的吸收光谱,并能观察到BLMA2的荧光猝灭.该配合物能与DNA作用生成三元离子缔合物,引起RRS的显著增强.讨论了BLMA2-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的形成条件及影响因素;对该配合物与DNA的结合模式和反应机理进行了讨论;探讨了博莱霉素荧光猝灭的类型,并建立了一种用BLMA2-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物作探针RRS法测定DNA的高灵敏度、简单、快捷的分析方法.该方法的检出限(3σ)分别为7.2ng·mL-1(ctDNA)、7.1ng·mL-1(sDNA)、18ng·mL-1(hsDNA),能用于痕量DNA的测定.     

氟喹诺酮类抗生素与钴(Ⅱ)和刚果红三元配合物的共振瑞利散射光谱研究及其分析应用

在pH 4.5～6.5的Bdtton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,钴(Ⅱ)与环丙沙星(CIP)、诺氟沙星(NOR)、氧氟沙星(OF)和左氧氟沙星(LEV)等氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FLQs)能形成螯合阳离子,它们能通过静电引力和疏水作用与刚果红(CR)阴离子反应,形成1:2:1(Co2 :FLQs:CR)三元离了缔合配合物.此时将引起溶液的共振瑞利散射(RRS)显著增强,并出现新的RRS光谱.不同抗生素具有相似的光谱特征,其最大散射波长均位于560 nm处,并在382和278 nm处有2个较小的散射峰.一定浓度的抗生素与散射增强(△成正比,对不同氟喹诺酮类药物的线性范围和检出限(3σ)分别是0.026～2.64 μg·mL-1和7.68 μg·mL-1(CIP),0.045～3.20 μg·mL-1和13.00 ng·mL-1(NOR),0.037～4.00μg·mL-1和11.24 ng·mL-1(OF),0.039～4.00 μg·mL-1和11.80 ng·mL-1(LEV),据此提出了一种以RRS技术测定氟喹诺酮抗牛素的新方法.方法不仅灵敏度高,而且简单、快速,并有良好的选择性和重复性,可用于片剂、针剂、滴眼液和人尿液中氟喹诺酮类药物的测定.文中还对反应机理和RRS增强的原因作了讨论.     

近红外光谱法同时测定废水中化学需氧量和生化需氧量

采用120个废水样品的近红外透射光谱结合偏最小二乘法,分别建立了废水中化学需氧量和生化需氧量的预测模型,并对光谱数据预处理方法和异常值诊断进行了讨论。所建的废水中化学需氧量和生化需氧量的预测模型相关系数分别为0.9542和0.9652;模型的预测相对偏差分别为25.24mg·mL-1和12.13mg·mL-1;预测范围分别为28.4～528.0mg·mL-1和16.0～305.2mg·mL-1。通过对模型进行t-检验,在显著性水平大于0.05的条件下,其测定结果与标准方法的测定结果对比,两者无显著性差异。     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.     

Regiospecific synthesis of quercetin O-β-d-glucosylated and O-β-d-glucuronidated isomers

Quercetin, the polyphenolic compound, which has the highest daily intake, is well known for its protective effects against aging diseases and has received a lot of attention for this reason. Both quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronide and quercetin 3′-O-β-d-glucuronide are human metabolites, which, together with their regioisomers, are required for biological as well as physical chemistry studies. We present here a novel synthetic route based on the sequential and selective protections of the hydroxyl functions of quercetin allowing selective glycosylation, followed by TEMPO-mediated oxidation to the glucuronide. This methodology enabled us to synthesize the five O-β-d-glucosides and four O-β-d-glucuronides of quercetin, including the major human metabolite, quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronide.     

Cl+F2→ClF+F和F+ClF′→ClF+F′反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法, 在6-311G基组下,计算研究了反应Cl+F2→ClF+F和对称反应F+ClF′→ClF+F′的机理。求得前者的过渡态为三角形,活化能为15.57 kJ*mol-1;后者的过渡态为线形和三角形,活化能分别为11.52和196.25 kJ*mol-1。结果均经过振动分析和IRC计算验证。     

丙三醇浓溶液玻璃化转变与结构松弛参数DSC分析

In order to examine the effects of water contents and heating/cooling rates on the glass transition and the structure relaxation parameters of glycerol/water mixtures, five aqueous solutions (60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) were investigated using the differential scanning calorimetry. Four scanning rates (10, 15, 20, 25 K/min) were used to obtain the glass transition parameters. The fitting results of plasticization constants indicated that Gordon-Taylor relationship could not be used effectively without considering scanning rates and that point on calorimetric step was chosen as the glass transition temperature. The specific heat changes during glass transition processes were relative not only to water content but also to heating rates. With the increasing of water contents in glycerol aqueous solutions, the structure relaxation activation energies and dynamic fragilities were decreased. Since the thermodynamic fragilities were increased with the increasing of water content, so the dynamic fragility and thermodynamic fragility were changed inversely if the water contents were changed in glycerol/water mixtures.     

Deuterodehalogenation—a mild method for synthesising deuterated heterocycles

We report a mild and efficient method for introducing deuterium into a range of heterocycles by reacting readily available halide analogues in a deuterodehalogenation reaction using D₈-IPA or Et₃SiD under palladium-catalysed conditions.     

The conversion of 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides into 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitriles using triphenylphosphine

2-Cyano cyanothioformanilide 3a reacts with triphenylphosphine in the presence of water to give 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)benzonitrile 4a, 2-(cyanomethylamino)benzonitrile 5, 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a and (2-cyanoindol-3-yl)iminotriphenylphosphorane 6a. In the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid in MeOH the reaction between 2-cyano cyanothioformanilide 3a and triphenylphosphine (2 equiv) gives 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a in 90% yield. Under the same conditions 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)benzonitrile 4a gives anthranilonitrile 8a, 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitrile 2a and N-(2-cyanophenyl)formamide 9. In addition, substituted 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides 3b-f react with triphenylphosphine and p-toluenesulfonic acid in MeOH to give 3-aminoindole-2-carbonitriles 2b-f in 63-75% yields. Under analogous conditions 2-cyano-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl cyanothioformanilide 2g gives only 4,5-dimethoxyanthranilonitrile 8g and 4,6,7-trimethoxyquinazoline-2-carbonitrile 14g, but in refluxing dry PhMe in the absence of p-toluenesulfonic acid 2-cyano-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl cyanothioformanilide 3g, (2-cyano-5,6-dimethoxyindol-3-yl)iminotriphenylphosphorane 6g and 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)-4,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile 4g are obtained. The structure of 2-(cyanomethyleneamino)-4,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile 4g is supported unambiguously via independent synthesis and comparison to the isomeric 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2-carbonitrile 15. All new compounds are fully characterised and a tentative mechanism for the transformation of 2-cyano cyanothioformanilides to indoles is proposed.