2-氨基-2-(2-甲氧基-5-吡啶)乙醇的合成研究

2-氨基-2-(2-甲氧基-5-吡啶)乙醇是一种重要的药物中间体。本论文提供一种以2-甲氧基吡啶-5-甲酸为原料,经过7步反应制备2-氨基-2-(2-甲氧基-5-吡啶)乙醇的方法,每步反应产率均高于78%,总收率约为23%,最终产品纯度大于98.5%。     

1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基-2-丙醇合成工艺研究

以氯甲烷(2)为原料制备甲基氯化镁格氏试剂;以三氯化镓为催化剂,甲基氯化镁与1,1,1-三氟丙酮(3)反应,经水解制得1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基-2-丙醇(1).产物结构经1 H-NMR、13 C-NMR、19 F-NMR及MS表征;通过单因素、正交实验和放大重复性实验确定了最佳反应条件:溶剂为正丁醚、格氏试剂浓度3 ...     

新型N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺的合成

以2-溴苯胺和氰乙酸为原料,经N-烷基化、酰胺化和α-烷基化反应合成了4种新型的N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺类化合物(5a~5d),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。在最佳反应条件[N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-氰基乙酰胺(3)1.7 mmol,n(3)∶n(溴乙烷)=1∶1,DMF为溶剂,Cs2CO3为碱,于室温反应6 h]下,5a收率83%。     

2-卤乙基-2-(6’-甲氧基-2’-萘基)-4-甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷重排合成外消旋体萘普生

以溴化铜或氯化铜为卤化剂 ,6-甲氧基 -2 -丙酰基萘经羰基 α-卤化、1 ,2 -丙二醇缩酮化、醋酸锌或氧化锌催化重排和水解等反应合成外消旋体萘普生 ,总收率为 85 %～ 90 .4% (以 6-甲氧基 -2 -丙酰基萘计 ) .“一锅法”重排合成外消旋体萘普生 ,不需分离中间体 ,操作简便、收率高 .以氯化铜为卤化剂、氧化锌为催化剂的重排合成工艺较佳     

4-羟基-3-(2-亚氨基乙基)-2H-苯并吡喃-2-酮类化合物的超声辐射合成

以乙醇为溶剂,4-羟基-3-乙酰基香豆素和胺为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在超声波作用下合成一系列4-羟基-3-(2-亚氨基乙基)-2H-苯并吡喃-2-酮类化合物,产率62%~94%。 对产物进行了IR、1H NMR及HRMS表征,对化合物3c进行了X射线衍射分析。 该方法具有反应产率高、时间短、反应条件温和及操作简单等优点。     

2-苯基-4,5-二(2''''-吡啶基)咪唑的合成

以苯甲醛和1,2-(2'-吡啶基)-乙二酮为原料,用德布斯法合成了未见报道的2-苯基-4,5-二(2'-吡啶基)咪唑,收率31%,其结构经1H NMR, IR和MS表征.     

4-氯-2-(2-硝基苯基)喹唑啉的合成

以邻氨基苯甲酰胺为原料,经酰化、环合和氯代反应合成了4-氯-2-(2-硝基苯基)喹唑啉,总收率49.6%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和ESI-MS确证。     

3,6-二氯-2-氨基吡啶合成新方法

本文报道了3,6-二氯-2-氨基吡啶的两种新合成方法。第一种方法:以3,6-二氯-2-吡啶甲酸为原料,经过酰氯、酰胺中间体,再霍夫曼降解得到3,6-二氯-2-氨基吡啶;第二种方法:以戊二酰亚胺为原料,采用三氯氧磷进行氯化反应,合成中间体2,3,6-三氯吡啶,经过氨化反应得到3,6-二氯-2-氨基吡啶。并对两种合成方法进行了简单对比。最后以合成的3,6-二氯-2-氨基吡啶为原料进一步合成了3,6-二氯-2-氟吡啶。     

2-烷基环戊-2-烯酮的简便合成新方法

2-位取代的环戊-2-烯酮是一类重要的有机合成中间体,它们的合成方法虽然已有不少文献报道,但大都路线较长,原料难得,条件苛刻且收率较低.本文报道一个以环戊二烯为原料,仅两步反应合成2-烷基环戊-2-烯酮的简便新方法. 以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为相转移催化剂,环戊二烯在氢氧化钾作用下与卤代烷在固-液相条件下反应,可方便地得到相应的烷基取代环戊二烯,主要为1-位和2-位烷基取代异构体的混合物.通过该方法制备烷基环戊二烯较之采用钠氨于液氨中反应的通常制备方法更可取.烷基环戊二烯进一步于甲醇中经溴代及酸性水解后,即可得到2-烷基环     

1-(2-吡啶基)-2-氮杂-1,3-丁二烯的合成与应用

以2-吡啶甲醛为起始原料制备1-(2-吡啶基)-2-氮杂-1,3-丁二烯(2),然后与烯烃、炔烃发生Diels-Alder反应分别得到6-(2-吡啶基)-2-哌啶酮和6-(2-吡啶基)-二氢-2-吡啶酮.用2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ)氧化6-(2-吡啶基)-二氢-2-吡啶酮得到6-(2-吡啶基)-2-吡啶酮,最后用三氯氧磷处理得到联吡啶类化合物.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Syntheses of 2-hydroperoxy-and 2-hydroxy-2H-imidazoles

Oxidation of fully substituted imidazoles 1 by singlet oxygen gives in good yield fully substituted 2-hydroperoxy-2H-imidazoles 2 . Reduction of 2 by triphenylphosphine leads to 2-hydroxy-2H-irnidazoles 3 . Limitations of the methods are reported.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Crystal Structure of (PhCH2)2Sn(S2CENt2) and (PhCH2)2Sn(S2CNC4H8)2

Two new dibenzyltin bisditiocarbamates(PhCH2)2 Sn(S2CNEt2)2(1) and (PhCH2)2 Sn(S2CNC4H8)2(2) were synthesized by the reaction of dibenzyltin dichloride with dithiocarbamates and characterized by elemental analysis ,IR,^1H NMR and MS spectra.The crystal structures were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis.In both complexes,the tin atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral configuration.In the crystals of 1,the molecular packing in unit cell reveals that the two adjacent molecules are symmetrically linked to each other in dimers by two Sn S interactions of 0.3816nm.In the crystals of 2,the molecules are packed in the unit cell in one-dimensional chain structure linked by weaker intermolecular S S conmtacts.     

H_2O_2氧化N_2生成N_2O和H_2O机理的研究

采用量子化学计算方法研究了Ｈ２Ｏ２ 氧化Ｎ２ 生成Ｎ２Ｏ 和Ｈ２Ｏ 的机理．结果发现, Ｈ２Ｏ２ 氧化Ｎ２ 先通过１ 个四元环过渡态形成中间体Ｈ２Ｎ２Ｏ２ 分子,Ｈ２Ｎ２Ｏ２ 再通过一个五元环过渡态形成Ｎ２Ｏ和Ｈ２Ｏ．根据计算得到的每步反应的活化能,得知Ｈ２Ｏ２ 氧化Ｎ２ 生成中间体Ｈ２Ｎ２Ｏ２ 分子是整个反应的控制步骤．     

新型层状磷酸铝[Al6P8O32][(C2H5)2NHCH2CH2NH3]2·[C2H5NH2CH2CH2NH2C2H5] 的合成、表征及其共模板作用

在溶剂热体系中,以N,N-二乙基乙二胺为结构导向剂,合成了Al/P为3/4的层状磷酸铝[Al6P8O32][(C2H5)2NHCH2CH2NH3]2·[C2H5NH2CH2CH2NH2C2H5]单晶,并通过X射线单晶衍射结构分析.XRD,ICP,元素分析,差热-热重分析等手段进行了表征.该化合物属单斜晶系,P2(1)/c空间群,晶胞参数:a=0.90945(2)nm,b=1.46424(4)nm,c=1.87572(5)nm,β=102.672(2)°,Z=4.其阴离子层由AlO4四面体和PO3(=O)四面体单元交替连接构成,形成四、六、八元环拓扑结构,无机层以ABAB方式堆积,两种质子化的有机胺分子N,N-二乙基乙二胺及其重排产物N,N′-二乙基乙二胺填充在层间.用分子动力学模拟方法,考察了标题化合物中有机胺与无机层间的相互作用,讨论了这两种有机胺的共模板作用.     

Zur Kristallstruktur von Rb2C2 und Cs2C2

On the Crystal Structure of Rb₂C₂ and Cs₂C₂ By reaction of rubidium or caesium solved in liquid ammonia with acetylene AC₂H with A = Rb, Cs was obtained, which was subsequently converted into the binary acetylide A₂C₂ in vacuum at temperatures of 520 K (Rb₂C₂) and 470 K (Cs₂C₂) using a surplus of the respective alkali metal. The crystal structures of the very air sensitive compounds were solved and refined by a combination of both neutron and X‐ray powder diffraction data. Rb₂C₂ as well as Cs₂C₂ coexist in two modifications. The hexagonal modification (P 6 2m, Z = 3) crystallises in the known Na₂O₂ structure type with two crystallographic independent sites for the C₂^2– dumbbells. For the orthorhombic modification (Pnma, Z = 4) a new structure type was found, which is related to the PbCl₂ structure type with ordered C₂^2– dumbbells occupying the Pb sites. Temperature dependent investigations between 4 K and the decomposition temperature by the means of neutron and X‐ray powder diffraction resulted in a very complex dynamic disorder of the C₂ dumbbells, which is still not completely understood. The frequencies of the C–C stretching vibration determined by the help of Raman spectroscopy fit nicely to the results obtained for other alkali metal acetylides and alkali metal hydrogen acetylides. These results seem to indicate that the electronegativity of the alkali metal has a strong influence on the frequency of the C–C stretching vibration.     

CeO2及Pt/CeO2催化剂上H2、O2的作用特性

采用TPD、TPR、FT-IR和TPEC等方法研究了CeO_2及Pt/CeO_2上H_2、O_2作用特性。结果表明, Pt促进CeO_2还原, 并形成高活动性氢物种。Pt的存在使吸H_2和放氢温度下阵达300 ℃。部分还原的CeO_2常温下吸附氧形成分子离子氧物种(O_2~-, O_2~(2-)), Pt的存在改变氧化铈催化剂在常温下氧吸附物种的形态, 以解离态存在。氧化铈上吸附的氧物种在升温时可部分脱附, 高于170 ℃时则转化为晶格氧。     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Solid-supported [2+2+2] cyclotrimerizations

The transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of a diyne and an alkyne provides a convergent route to highly-substituted aromatic rings. This reaction possesses distinct drawbacks, especially low chemo- and regioselectivities, which hamper its application in combinatorial synthesis. These problems have been solved by the development of solid-supported [2+2+2]-cycloaddition reactions. If conducted on a solid-support, this reaction enables rapid combinatorial access to diverse sets of carbo- and heterocyclic small-molecule arrays. The scope of this methodology has been investigated by examining different immobilization strategies, different diyne precursors, and a variety of functionalized alkyne reaction partners. Overall, isoindoline, phthalan, and indan libraries were assembled in good to excellent yields and with high purities.