PVP-PdCl2-SnCl4/MontK10-PEG400的制备及催化芳香卤化物水相脱卤研究

用PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)络合双金属Pd2 ,Sn4 后，再负载于PEG400(平均式量为400的聚乙二醇)官能化的蒙脱土上，制成双金属催化剂PVP-PdCl2-SnCl4/MontK10-PEG400，用于催化不溶于水的芳香卤化物水相脱卤，对芳香氯化物呈现出高的脱氯活性和选择性，并有良好的重复使用性，通过IR，TEM，XPS等手段测定对催化剂各组分在催化脱卤中的作用进行了探讨．     

官能化蒙脱土负载双金属催化芳香氯化物水相脱氯

用PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)络合双金属Pd^2 ,Sn^4 后，再负载于用PEG400(平均分子量为400的聚乙二醇)官能化的蒙脱土上，制成双金属催化剂PVP—PdCl2-SnCl4/Montk10-PEG400,用于催化难溶于水的芳香卤化物水相脱卤，芳香族氮化物转化率达100％，该催化剂可重复使用。对催化剂进行了IR及TEM表征。     

官能化硅胶负载Pd—Cu催化剂的制备及催化芳香氯化物水相脱氯作用

将聚乙烯吡烷酮（PVP）与双金属Pd^2 、Cu^2 配位后,再负载于用平均分子量为600的聚乙二醇（PEG）官能化的硅胶上（SiO2-PEG600),制成一种新型双负载双金属催化剂PVP-PdCl2-CuCl2/SiO2-PEG600,将其用于催化难溶于水的芳香卤化物水相脱卤,在无需加入任何有机溶剂的情况下,对芳香氯化物呈现出高的脱氯活性和选择性,并具有良好的重复使用性能。通过IR、TEM、比表面积测定等手段,探讨了催化剂各组分在催化脱卤中的作用及可能的催化脱卤机理。     

高聚物负载型双金属催化剂催化氢转移有机卤化物脱卤

 以甲酸钠为氢转移试剂,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮负载PdCl2和其它金属盐制成双金属催化剂PVP－PdCl2－MXn,用于催化有机卤化物脱卤．与负载型单金属催化剂PVP－PdCl2相比,PVP－PdCl2－CdCl2和PVP－PdCl2－HgCl2对氯代芳烃脱氯有高得多的催化活性和脱氯选择性,且偶联副产物显著减少;以对氯苯胺为底物时,双金属催化下的反应时间缩短为单金属催化下的1／8,而脱氯产物收率提高25倍;底物为对氯甲苯时,双金属催化下的偶联副产物仅为单金属催化下的1／390．用IR和TEM技术对PVP负载型金属催化剂进行了表征,并讨论了双金属协同脱卤作用．     

PVP-蒙脱土双负载Pd-Sn催化剂催化芳香卤化物水相脱卤

负载型双金属催化剂 ,由于双金属的协同作用 ,使催化活性明显提高 .因而负载型双金属催化剂用于催化有机反应 ,已成为人们研究的热点 .高聚物负载双金属催化剂催化有机卤化物脱卤已有报道[1～ 3] ,但脱卤反应大多在有机相中进行 ,若在水相中 ,催化剂则失去活性[2 ] ,且不易回收和重复使用 .然而有毒的卤化物常存在于化工、印染等工业排放的废水中 ,这些废水流入江、河、湖、海或渗漏在地下 ,造成对水体的严重污染 .为消除废水中有机卤化物对环境的污染 ,我们将 PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 )负载双金属后再负载到无机载体蒙脱土( Mont K1 0 )上 ,…     

PVP-PdCl2-CuCl2/SiO2-PEG600催化芳氯化物水相脱氯研究

PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)负载双金属催化剂催化芳香氯化物脱氯已有报道[1～3];利用双金属的协同作用,可以大大提高催化剂的脱氯活性和选择性[4]. 但是,这些研究多是在有机相中进行的,催化剂在水相中则会降低甚至失去活性,且难以回收和重复利用. 然而,难溶于水的有毒芳香氯化物,常存在于工业或生活排放的废水中. 由于治理环境的需要,研究芳香氯化物催化水相脱氯,则是极具挑战性的课题. 本文把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇(PEG)键合到硅胶上作为固相载体,制成双负载双金属水相脱氯催化剂PVP-PdCl2-CuCl2/SiO2-PEG600,成功地用于难溶于水的芳香氯化物的水相脱氯. 研究结果表明,这种催化剂对于芳香氯化物有良好的催化脱氯性能,使用中便于分离并能重复利用. 同时,用IR,TEM和XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征,探讨了催化剂中各组分在催化脱氯中的作用.     

水溶性含钌-铂双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢

考察了水溶性Ru/Pt-TPPTS双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物的加氢性能.实验结果表明,在Ru-TPPTS中添加铂或钯后,反应活性明显提高,尤其是Ru/Pt-TPPTS双金属催化剂更表现出显著的双金属协同效应.在pH₂=1.0MPa,70℃,反应2h的条件下,双金属催化剂0.50Ru/0.50Pt-TPPTS催化对-氯硝基苯加氢生成对-氯苯胺的反应转化率达到100%.对于取代基和取代位置不同的一些卤代硝基苯加氢,该双金属催化剂也表现出很高的催化活性和生成卤代苯胺的选择性,脱卤反应的程度很小.     

石墨烯负载Pt/Co双金属纳米颗粒催化剂的制备及催化制氢性能

采用化学共还原方法制备了石墨烯负载Pt/Co双金属纳米颗粒（GBNPS）催化剂,并将其用于催化硼氢化钾（KBH₄）水解制氢.采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）仪和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表征了该催化剂,并研究了双金属纳米颗粒的化学组成对其催化KBH₄水解制氢性能的影响.结果表明,制备的石墨烯负载Pt/Co双金属纳米颗粒平均粒径为3.2~3.9 nm,其中石墨烯负载Pt₂₀Co₈₀双金属纳米颗粒的催化活性最高,35℃时制氢活性可达35973 mol_H2·h^-1·mol^-1_Pt,且具有良好的耐久性,催化KBH₄水解反应的表观活化能为36 kJ/mol.     

稀土氯化物催化作用下纳米氢化钠对芳基卤化物的还原脱卤

稀土氯化物催化作用下纳米氢化钠对芳基卤化物的还原脱卤＊张源魁廖世健＊＊徐筠余道容（中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连１１６０２３）沈琪（苏州大学化学化工学院，苏州２１５００６）关键词催化还原脱卤，稀土氯化物，氢化钠，双金属协同效应有机卤化物的还原脱卤...     

手性二胺修饰的Ru／y-Al2O3催化剂催化芳香酮不对称加氢

研究了用手性修饰剂（1S,2S）-（—）-1，2-二苯基乙二胺修饰的负载型钌催化剂（Ru／y-Al2O3）催化芳香酮的不对称加氢反应，在KOH的异丙醇溶液中，10～20℃，PH2=5MPa条件下，芳香酮及其衍生物加氢产物的ee值达79．5％～85.0％，2-乙酰基噻吩加氢产物的ee值可达86．2％,此催化剂制备简单，容易与产物分离，重复使用4次，对映选择性基本保持不变．     

从可溶性单源分子前驱体采用溶胶凝胶法制备ZnO/TiO2 纳米复合物

合成了单源分子前驱体Cl2TiZn（dmae）4 （dmae为2-二甲基乙醇胺）,并以乙醇为溶剂,加入等摩尔量的水对其进行可控水解得ZnO/TiO2纳米复合凝胶,经pH=9沉淀,在200、400和600℃烧结得到不同的产物T200、T400、T600. XRD分析表明未烧结产物为无定形粉末并随着烧结温度升高晶型改善. ZnO呈纤锌矿结构（六方晶系）,TiO2呈板钛矿型结构（正交）. BET分析和扫描电镜表明颗粒的大小随着烧结温度的提高而增加. 红外光谱证明Zn-O和Ti-O的特有的振动频率,OH基团烧结后的产物中被去掉. 所有的样品都显示良好的光催化活性, 且T600活性最高.     

Interfacial electron transfer between the photoexcited porphyrin molecule and TiO2 nanoparticles: effect of catecholate binding

Interfacial electron transfer (ET) dynamics of 5,10,15-trisphenyl-20-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) porphyrin (TPP-cat) adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles has been studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible and near-IR region exciting at 400 and 800 nm. TPP-cat molecule forms a charge transfer (CT) complex with TiO2 nanoparticles through the catechol moiety with the formation of a five-membered ring. Optical absorption measurements have shown that the Q-band of TPP-cat interacts strongly with TiO2 due to chelation; however, the Soret band is affected very little. Optical absorption measurements indicate that the catechol moiety also interacts with TiO2 nanoparticles showing the characteristic band of pure catechol-TiO2 charge transfer (CT) in the visible region. Electron injection has been confirmed by monitoring the cation radical, instant bleach, and injected electron in the conduction band of TiO2 nanoparticles. Electron injection time has been measured to be < 100 fs and recombination kinetics has been best fitted with a multiexponential function, where the majority of the injected electrons come back to the parent cation radical with a time constant of approximately 800 fs for both excitation wavelengths. However, the reaction channel for the electron injection process has been found to be different for both wavelengths. Excitation at 800 nm, found to populate the CT state of the Q-band, and from the photoexcited CT state electron injection into the conduction band, takes place through diffusion. On the other hand, with excitation at 400 nm, a complicated reaction channel takes place. Excitation with 400 nm light excites both the CT band of Cat-TiO2 and also the Soret band of TPP-cat. We have discussed the reaction path in the TPP-cat/TiO2 system after exciting with both 400 and 800 nm laser light. We have also compared ET dynamics by exciting at both wavelengths.     

Dechlorination of Aromatic Chlorides in Aqueous System Catalyzed by Functionalized MontK10 Supported Palladium—tin

A novel bisupporter binetal catalyst PVP-PdCl2-SnCl4/MonK10-PEG400,using for dehalogenation of insoluable aromatic halides in aqueous system,has shown high dechlorination activity and selectivity,without any organic solvent or phase transfer catalyst.The conversion of aromatic chlorides can reach 100%.The catalyst is easy to prepare and has good reusability.     

Rapid synthesis of SBA-15 rods with variable lengths, widths, and tunable large pores

Dispersed SBA-15 rods have been synthesized with varying lengths, widths, and pore sizes in a low-temperature synthesis in the presence of heptane and NH(4)F. The pore size of the material can systematically be varied between 11 and 17 nm using different hydrothermal treatment times and/or temperatures. The particle length (400-600 nm) and width (100-400 nm) were tuned by varying the HCl concentration. All the synthesized materials possess a large surface area of 400-600 m(2)/g and a pore volume of 1.05-1.30 cm(3). A mechanism for the effect of the HCl concentration on the particle morphology is suggested. Furthermore, it is shown that the reaction time can be decreased to 1 h, with well-retained pore size and morphology. This work has resulted in SBA-15 rods with the largest pore size reported for this morphology.     

Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the I(2)/O(3) photochemistry

The atmospherically relevant chemistry generated by photolysis of I2/O3 mixtures has been studied at 298 K in the pressure range from 10 to 400 hPa by using a laboratory flash photolysis setup combining atomic resonance and molecular absorption spectroscopy. The temporal behaviors of I, I(2), IO, and OIO have been retrieved. Conventional kinetic methods and numerical modeling have been applied to investigate the IO self-reaction and the secondary chemistry. A pressure independent value of k(IO + IO) = (7.6 +/- 1.1) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule-1 s(-1) has been determined. The pressure dependence of the branching ratios for the I + OIO and IOIO product channels in the IO + IO reaction have been determined and have values of 0.45 +/- 0.10 and 0.44 +/- 0.13 at 400 hPa, respectively. The branching ratios for the 2I + O(2) and I(2) + O(2) product channels are pressure independent with values of 0.09 +/- 0.06 and 0.05 +/- 0.03, respectively. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the isomer IOIO is more thermally stable than predicted by theoretical calculations. A reaction scheme comprising OIO polymerization steps has been shown to be consistent with the temporal behaviors recorded in this study. For simplicity, the rate coefficient has been assumed to be the same for each reaction (OIO)(n) + IO --> (OIO)(n+1), n = 1, 2, 3, 4. The lower limit obtained for this rate coefficient is (1.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 400 hPa. Evidence for the participation of IO in the polymerization mechanism also has been found. The rate coefficient for IO attachment to OIO and to small polymers has been determined to be larger than (5 +/- 2) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 400 hPa. These results provide supporting evidence for atmospheric particle formation induced by polymerization of iodine oxides.     

Formation and characterization of high surface area thermally stabilized titania/silica composite materials via hydrolysis of titanium(IV) tetra-isopropoxide in sols of spherical silica particles

A direct synthetic route leading to titania particles dispersed on nonporous spherical silica particles has been investigated; 5, 10, and 20% (w/w) titania/silica sols mixtures were achieved via hydrolyzation of titanium tetra-isopropxide solution in the mother liquor of a freshly prepared sol of spherical silica particles (St?ber particles). Titania/silica materials were produced by subsequent drying and calcination of the xerogels so obtained for 3 h at 400 and 600 degrees C. The materials were investigated by means of thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), FT-IR, N(2) gas adsorption-desorption, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In spite of the low surface area (13.1 m(2)/g) of the pure spherical silica particles calcined at 400 degrees C, high surface area and mesoporous texture titania/silica materials were obtained (e.g., S(BET) ca. 293 m(2)/g for the 10% titania/silica calcined at 400 degrees C). Moreover, the materials were shown to be amorphous toward XRD up to 600 degrees C, while reasonable surface areas were preserved. It has been concluded that dispersion of titania particles onto the surface of the nonporous spherical silica particles increase their roughness, therefore leading to composite materials of less firm packing and mesoporosity.     

Mechanisms of antioxidant action: A photochemical study of transition metal dibutyl dithiocarbamates (and their photo-stabilizing role in a polyolefin matrix)

Solution photochemistry of some (N,N-di-n-butyldithiocarbamato) complexes and of the metal-free dithiocarbamate ligands has been used to investigate their role in the photo-oxidation of polyolefins. Transient absorption spectra were recorded for tetramethyl thiuram disulphide at around 600 and 400 nm, and for tetramethyl thiuram monosulphide which also shows an additional band at 350 nm. Kinetic analysis of the decay profiles showed the presence of two different species with first and second order kinetics for the 400 and 600 nm transients respectively. Tentatively, the 400 nm absorption was assigned to a triplet-triplet transition, while the 600 and 350 nm absorption regions were assigned to the dithiocarbamoyl and thiocarbamoyl radicals respectively. Spectrophotometric monitoring has shown that tetramethyl thiuram disulphide is formed during the process of photobleaching of the Fe(III) complex.     

The use of small-angle electron scattering to compare the structure of craze found in thin films with that found in bulk materials

Small-angle electron scattering (SAES) has been used to examine the structure of crazes in polystyrene. It has been shown theoretically that the analysis of SAES is similar to the equivalent x-ray patterns (SAXS) except perhaps for the higher-angle scattering. A direct comparison of the SAES patterns from crazes in films of ca. 400 nm thickness with SAXS patterns from crazes in films of ca. 1 mm thickness has shown that the craze structures are similar in form for the thin and thick films but the fibrils are about three times larger in the thin films.     

Measurement of pole figures and orientation functions for Valonia cellulose

The x-ray pole-figure technique has been applied to the study of orientation in Valonia cellulose. It is found that the maximum of the orientation distribution of the (2 20) poles of crystallites in Valonia cell walls is precisely normal to the cell wall surface, and the pole population is denser in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction. The orientation is interpreted as a typical uniplanar-axial orientation after Heffelfinger and Burton's classification: a uniplanar orientation in (22 0), and two types of uniaxial orientation in the (220) and (400) planes based on the unit cell parameters for Valonia cellulose. The degree of biaxial orientation of the (22 0), (220), and (400) plane normals as well as three principal crystallographic axes are shown by Desper's equilateral triangle plots.     

噻唑衍生物在酸性介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能

噻唑衍生物在酸性介质中对A3钢的缓蚀性能;噻唑;缓蚀剂;A3钢