在线预还原-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定尿液中总无机砷

自行设计并制作了一种在线自动还原装置用于将尿样中可能存在的无机砷从砷(Ⅴ)还原砷(Ⅲ)。为使砷(Ⅴ)还原至砷(Ⅲ),将尿样4.8mL与1.2mL混合还原剂(每升溶液中含硫脲100g及抗坏血酸50g)混合后在反应器中于70℃加热2min。分取此溶液1.5mL与20g.L-1硼氢化钾溶液(溶于5g.L-1氢氧化钠溶液中)2.0mL,在氢化物发生器中反应生成AsH3,然后由载气(氩气)带至原子化器中,并进行原子荧光检测,所制的在线还原器及测定砷的方法已应用于儿童尿样中无机砷的测定,并在这些样品的基础上用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在90.2%～102.6%之间。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光度法测定水中微量砷

砷是一种对人体有害的元素,在饮用水质量标准中对砷的含量有着严格的要求,建立水中微量砷的快速检测方法有重要意义.氢化物发生原子荧光光度法测定水中微量砷是在酸性条件下,以硼氢化钾为还原剂,使砷与硼氢化钾和酸生成氢化物气体,由载气(氩气)载入石英原子化器,用砷空心阴极灯作激发光源,产生原子荧光,其荧光强度在一定范围内与砷含量成正比.该方法克服了其他分析方法操作繁琐、灵敏度低的缺陷,具有灵敏度高、干扰少、分析速度快的特点.本文探讨应用原子荧光光度计测定水中微量砷的方法.     

原子荧光光度计在砷测定过程中出现的一例故障及故障排除方法

介绍了原子荧光光度计中原子化器温度降低在砷测定过程的故障现象、故障诊断及故障排除方法。阐述了由于测定原理不同,原子化器温度降低对砷、硒、汞检测影响的差异。     

原子荧光光谱法测定粗锌中的砷

建立了测定粗锌中砷含量的原子荧光光谱法。粗锌样品经硝酸溶液(1+1)低温溶解完全以后,在盐酸介质中,用抗坏血酸预还原,以硫脲掩蔽铜、铁、银等杂质元素,砷被硼氢化钾还原为氢化物,用氩气导入原子化器测量。砷测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~3.0%(n=11),加标回收率为98.4%~103.6%。与国家标准测定方法分光光度法测定结果对比,相对偏差为0.1%~2.4%。该法准确、可靠,适用于砷含量在0.005 0%~0.50%之间的粗锌中砷的测定。     

无火焰原子化-原子吸收光谱法测定不锈钢中砷量

在火焰原子吸收分光光度计火焰上方放置一只特制的不锈钢管作为原子化器,将不锈钢样品溶液定量滴加在不锈钢原子化管内,在乙炔-一氧化二氮高温火焰下对不锈钢样品中微量砷的含量进行无火焰原子化测定,以标准加入法进行定量分析.方法的特征质量为59 pg/1%,绝对检出限(3σ)为3.6 pg.     

氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法快速测定锌电解料液中痕量砷

在盐酸介质中,Ａｓ（Ⅴ）用碘化钾和抗坏血酸还原成Ａｓ（Ⅲ）后,再与强还原剂硼氢化钾反应生成气态氢化砷。氢化砷用氮载气送入原子化系统原子化后进行测定,砷的最大吸了波长为１９３．７ｎｍ,在０．５－５０ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１范围内,砷浓度与吸光度呈线性关系,检出限为３．４＊１０＾９ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１。方法毋需预处理直接用于锌电解料液中微量和痕量砷的测定,结果满意。     

流动注射-氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定香烟接装纸中的痕量砷

将流动注射-氢化物发生和原子吸收光谱法有机的结合起来,探讨了流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定香烟接装纸中砷的最佳条件。样品经消解后,加入还原剂,使五价砷还原为三价,在盐酸介质中和硼氢化钾反应生成砷化氢,进入电热石英管原子化测定。检测结果相对标准偏差小于5%,加标回收率为96.7%~104%,方法检出限为0.18μg/L。     

HG-AFS法测定铀钼矿钼反萃取液、净化液中砷含量

建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定铀钼矿钼反萃取液、净化液中砷含量的分析方法。仪器主要工作条件:负高压280 V,灯电流60 mA,原子化器高度9 mm,载气流量400 mL/min,屏蔽气流量1000 mL/min。砷的质量浓度在0～40μg/L范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.9998。方法测定砷的检出限为0.037μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6),加标回收率为90.5%～102.5%。针对溶液中的钼同多酸和杂多酸以及存在的其它氧化物,采取抗坏血酸-硫脲混合溶液进行预还原,溶液中铀含量约为0.1 g/L时,对砷的测定无影响。该法能满足铀钼矿钼反萃取液、净化液中砷含量0.005～4 g/L的测定要求。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定中药中的微量砷

以硝酸镍作基体改进剂，研究了砷的最佳灰化温度和原子化温度，建立了用石墨护原子吸收法直接测定中药中砷含量的方法。结果表明，砷含量在0～400×10-9范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系（γ＝0．9993），对鱼腥草平行测定了6次，相对标准偏差为4．2％，样品中常共存的9种阳离子及酸在实验条件下不干扰测定，回收率在93％～97％之间，结果令人满意。     

流动注射——氢化物原子吸收法测定食品级碳酸钙中砷

用盐酸溶解碳酸钙试样,碘化钾-抗坏血酸预还原,硼氢化钠作还原剂,流动注射法发生砷化氢,并用氮气载入电热石英原子化器中进行原子化,在240·h的采样频率下,砷的特征浓度为0.2ng·ml~(-1),检出限(3σ)为0.6ng·ml~(-1),回收率为96.4%,相对标准偏差为3.3%.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.