手性铝催化剂在不对称合成中的应用

综述了手性铝催化剂在不对称Diels-Alder、Michael加成、1, 3-偶极环加成、Ene反应、磷氢化、氰硅化、烯丙基化、氢化、Claisen重排、Friedel-Crafts烷基化、Aldol等反应中的应用.     

Mechanistic Study on the Ozone‐Mercury Reaction and the Effect of Water and Water Dimer Molecules

The thermodynamics and mechanism of the reaction of elemental mercury with ozone has been studied computationally. The effect of water and water dimer molecules on the reaction has also been investigated. For dry reaction, we obtained two pathways and geometry optimization, atoms in molecules analysis and vibrational frequencies of all component of reaction have been used for confirming of reaction mechanism. Thermodynamic variable of reaction has been calculated. For the reaction in the presence of the water, our studies focus on ozone‐mercury complex reaction with water and water dimer and obtained the mechanism of reactions. Comparison of wet and dry reaction shows the energy profile of reaction decreases with water molecule correspond to experimental prediction. Calculated thermodynamic variable of all reaction shows the Gibbs free energy of reaction decreases with the number of water molecule.     

金属参与的正电子放射性药物的合成进展

随着正电子发射断层显像技术的高速发展,正电子放射性药物的合成近年来已成为药物合成领域的热点之一.本文综述了金属参与的放射性同位素标记药物及中间体的合成方法,反应类型包括Stille偶联反应、Suzuki偶联反应、Heck偶联反应、Sonogashira偶联反应、羰基化反应、金属-卤素置换反应和点击反应等.     

离子液体介质中有机合成及不对称催化反应研究新进展

总结了近年离子液体中有机合成反应及不对称催化反应研究新进展，包括还原 反应、氧化反应、Friedel-Crafts反应、Diels-Alder反应、交叉偶联反应、加成 反应、环缩合反应、自由基反应、Witting反应、重排反应、不对称催化反应及其 它合成反应。     

苯甲醛肟与炔丙醇偶极环加成反应的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上研究了苯甲醛肟与炔丙醇加成反应的微观机制和热力学、动力学行为. 结果表明, 在苯甲醛肟与炔丙醇加成反应过程中, 8个可能反应通道的过渡态中均形成非平面五元环结构, 其中苯甲醛肟的Z、E构型特征得到了部分保留, 但主要部分的键长、键角均发生了变化, 电荷也进行了重新分布. 苯甲醛肟以羟基型参与反应的4个反应通道均为吸热反应和热力学非自发过程, 它们均具有较高的反应势垒、较慢的反应速率和较小的平衡常数; 而以离子型参与反应的四个反应通道均为放热反应和热力学自发过程, 它们的反应势垒较低, 反应速度较快, 平衡常数也较大, 故苯甲醛肟应主要以离子型参与反应. 炔丙醇的两种取向对应着加成反应的两种产物, 反应达到平衡后, 3-羟甲基二氢异噁唑为主要产物.     

脯氨酸催化的不对称有机反应

脯氨酸作为一种结构简单、商品化的、廉价小分子手性催化剂,在多种不对称催化反应中表现出非常好的催化性能,本文综述了近年来脯氨酸直接催化的不对称有机反应涉及Aldol反应,Mannich反应,Michael反应,Diels-Alder反应,直接α-胺化反应,α-氧胺化反应,Baylis-Hillman反应,还原反应和氧化反应的进展并展望了其应用前景。     

反应类等键反应方法及类反应热动力学参数计算

本文提出了反应类等键反应方法,将通常用于热力学性质计算的等键反应方法推广用于类反应中反应势垒和反应焓变的计算. 对碳氢燃料低温燃烧反应机理中的一类重要反应类：?烷基自由基过氧化氢裂解生成烯烃和HO2自由基的反应势垒和反应焓变进行了计算. 通过对该类16个反应中的5个代表反应分别在不同计算水平HF、DFT、MP2、CCSD(T)的比较计算发现,采用等键反应方法可在较低从头算级别计算得到类反应较高精度的反应势垒,提高了计算的效率和精度. 本文采用反应类等键反应方法在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)计算水平对该类16个反应进行了反应势垒和反应焓变的计算,并建立了反应势垒和反应能的线性自由能关系：delta V=71.02+0.41?delta E.     

质谱实时监测有机化学反应的研究进展

质谱法是一种能够提供物质丰富结构信息的谱学方法,广泛应用于有机物的测定、有机化学反应的监测以及有机化学反应机理的研究中。本文综述了质谱实时监测缩合反应、取代反应、氧化反应、环化反应、加成反应、偶联反应、自由基反应等有机化学反应的研究进展。     

低热固相反应的反应机理研究(Ⅰ)——冷融熔机理和冷溶熔机理的模型

本文提出了低热固相反应的冷融熔机理和冷溶熔机理,其中冷融熔机理主要针对于不含结晶水的反应体系,冷溶熔机理主要针对于含结晶水的反应体系,并对低热固相反应动力学提出冷融熔/冷溶熔、扩散、反应、成核、生长的五步机理。两种机理都避开了分子在固相晶格中的扩散,从而对低热固相反应的扩散问题进行了有效的解释,并给出了低热固相反应的热力学和动力学判据。     

Ni催化的碳(sp2)-碳和碳(sp2)-杂交叉偶联反应

综述了Ni催化的碳(sp²)-碳和碳(sp²)-杂交叉偶联反应. 主要反应类型有: Heck反应、Sonogashira反应、Kumada-Corriu反应、Negishi反应、Stille反应、Suzuki反应、Ullmann反应、C—N偶联反应、C—O偶联反应、C—P偶联反应和C—S偶联反应. 详细地介绍了各个反应的底物要求、反应条件、反应选择性和产率. 最后, 我们对Ni催化的反应机理研究也作了总结.     

Kinetics of phenol oxidation with ozone in a thin layer on a solid surface

Ozone has been reacted with phenol in thin supported layers, and the dynamics of this reaction has been investigated. The stoichiometry of this reaction coincides with the stoichiometry of the same reaction in solution. Specific reaction rate (β) has been determined for various phenol conversions. The effective rate constant of the reaction, estimated by extrapolating β to zero reaction time, is significantly higher than the rate constant of the reaction in solution. The reaction between ozone and phenol is diffusion-controlled. The reaction products form a barrier layer, which protects the deeper phenol layers against ozone. The barrier layer is as thick as 8–15 phenol monolayers.     

CIONO2与O(3P)的反应机理

采用密度泛函方法Ｂ３ＬＹＰ／６－３１Ｇ＾＊研究了反应Ｏ（＾３Ｐ）＋ＣｌＯＮＯ２→ＣｌＯ＋ＮＯ３反应Ｏ（＾３Ｐ）＋ＣｌＯＮＯ２→Ｏ２＋ＣｌＯＮＯ的反应机。该结果与大部分实验者的推论是一致的,对于后一反应,其两种反应途径的活化势垒较为相近,表明两种反应途径均是可能的。     

手性磺酰胺有机小分子催化剂在不对称催化反应中的应用进展

有机小分子催化的不对称合成反应是目前研究最为活跃的领域之一.综述了磺酰胺类衍生物作为小分子催化剂在不对称反应(Michael加成反应、Mannich反应、羟醛缩合反应等)中的应用,讨论了磺酰胺中NH的酸性以及氢键性质在不对称催化反应中的的作用.     

Direct Dynamics Simulation of Reaction Between F2 and Ethylene

Direct dynamics within the framework of DFT was used to study the long-time puzzling mechanism of the reaction between F2 and ethylene. Three types of reactions are widely accepted : F atom elimination reaction, HF elimination reaction and the addition reaction. Several reaction mechanisms have been proposed, but only the radical mechanism can reasonably explain the initial reaction at low temperature. In this article, our calculations support the radical mechanism and the reaction mechanisms of the three reactions, and they are described in detail by trajectory simulation. The reactions in a cryogenic matrix with the reaction mechanism were also discussed.     

微波促进离子液体相反应在有机合成中的应用

微波促进离子液体相有机合成技术作为一种新型的绿色化学合成法,引起了人们极大的兴趣。在离子液体中,微波辅助下反应快速、收率高、选择性好、后处理简单,离子液体经简单再生后可多次套用。本文综述了以离子液体为反应介质或催化剂的微波辅助技术在多种类型有机反应中的研究成果,主要包括了环合反应、亲核取代反应、金属复分解反应、酰化反应、重排反应、聚合反应、偶联反应、氧化还原反应和选择性脱溴反应等。     

The photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction

The photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction is a valuable extension of the classical Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. The PDDA reaction differs from the DA reaction by the replacement of one of the C-C-double bonds of the diene moiety by a C-C triple bond and by the photochemical triggering of the reaction. This entails that, in contrast to the DA reaction, the PDDA reaction proceeds according to a multistage mechanism with biradicals and cycloallenes as intermediates. The PDDA reaction provides access to a considerable variety of compound classes. For example, 1-phenylnaphthlenes, 1,1'-binaphthyls, N-heterocyclic biaryls, and naphthalenophanes could be obtained by this reaction.     

关于反应分子数定义的讨论

There are two different views on the definition of reaction molecularity in physical chemistry textbooks and related literatures so far. We give a deep discussion about this conception herein. Starting with the development of chemical kinetics and the definition of elementary reaction and state-state reaction, we clarify that elementary reaction and state-state reaction are the conceptions belonging to macro-and micro-systems, respectively, and reaction molecularity is also belonging to micro-conception. Based on this conclusion, we think that the more reasonable definition of reaction molecularity should be "the number of chemical particles that take part in a state-state reaction (or an elementary chemi-physical reaction) as a reactant".     

Theoretical studies of reaction mechanism in chemistry

After defining reaction mechanism, reaction path, reaction coordinate, reaction profile, and classical trajectories, dynamic and static approaches suitable (or promising) for analysis of reaction mechanism are critically discussed.     

HCN + OH→CN + H2O反应理论研究

The reaction path of the reaction HCN + OH→ CN + H2O was traced with Fukui's theory of intrinsic reaction coordinate by using ab initio MO method (at UMP4/6-31G** level) with gradient technique. On this basis, the dynamics properties along the reaction path was investigated by reaction path Hamiltonian theory. The rate constants of this reaction at different temperatures were calculated by conventional and variational transition state theory with tunneling correction. The theoretically calculated rate constants are in good agreement with experimental results, this shows that the title reaction is an one step, direct reaction.     

Study of the reaction between boron trifluoride methanol complex and sodium methoxide

The reaction between boron trifluoride methanol complex and sodium methoxide in methanol solution was investigated using conductivity as the reaction indicator. The reaction conditions were examined and a mechanism of this reaction was proposed. Moreover, proper reaction conditions were proposed for boric acid preparation using this reaction.