全国化学教师教育第三届学术研讨会纪要

由中国教育学会化学教学专业委员会主办,陕西师范大学承办的《全国化学教师教育第三届学术研讨会》于2007年5月19～21日在古城西安召开.来自全国75所高等院校及有关教育杂志社的177位代表参加了本届会议,香港中文大学和澳门大学的代表以及部分一线中学化学教师出席了会议,《化学教育》编辑部的同志也出席了会议.     

建设有利于化学创新人才培养的教学体制

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

有关大学生创新教育环境建设的几点意见

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

研究型教学模式探索

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

本科教育发展要有新思路和新突破

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

地方高校化学创新人才培养的思考与实践

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

培养创新型化学研究人才的探索

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

转变教育理念 优化课程体系

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

培养新世纪化学创新人才的探索

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

创新型化学人才培养课程体系建立与实践

受教育部化学教学分指导委员会委托 ,高等学校化学教育研究中心主持的教学研究项目“新世纪创新化学人才培养的研究”第一次研讨会 ,于 4月 5～ 6日在河北大学举行。 2 3所高校的 4 0位代表参加了会议 ,共收到论文 18篇 ,14位代表在会议上发言 ,交流了创新能力培养方案与实践经验。　　由于绝大多数基础人才培养基地院校都派代表参加了会议 ,在研讨会期间 ,各基地院校的代表还交流了建设基地的经验和进展 ,认为基地院校必须有新理念、新举措 ,才能取得新成绩 ,发挥基地在新形势下的辐射作用。　　会议决定明年适当时间举行第二次研讨会 ,由武汉大学化学与分子科学学院承办。　　现将本次会议部分报告内容摘编如下     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

On the theory underlying the Car-Parrinello method and the role of the fictitious mass parameter

The theory underlying the Car-Parrinello extended-Lagrangian approach to ab initio molecular dynamics (CPMD) is reviewed and reexamined using "heavy" ice as a test system. It is emphasized that the adiabatic decoupling in CPMD is not a decoupling of electronic orbitals from the ions but only a decoupling of a subset of the orbital vibrational modes from the rest of the necessarily coupled system of orbitals and ions. Recent work [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 14 (2002)] has pointed out that, due to the orbital-ion coupling that remains once adiabatic decoupling has been achieved, a large value of the fictitious mass mu can lead to systematic errors in the computed forces in CPMD. These errors are further investigated in the present work with a focus on those parts of these errors that are not corrected simply by rescaling the masses of the ions. It is suggested that any comparison of the efficiencies of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and CPMD should be performed at a similar level of accuracy. If accuracy is judged according to the average magnitude of the systematic errors in the computed forces, the efficiency of BOMD compares more favorably to that of CPMD than previous comparisons have suggested.     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

On the volume-dependence of the index of refraction from the viewpoint of the complex dielectric function and the Kramers-Kronig relation

How indices of refraction n(omega) of insulating solids are affected by the volume dilution of an optical entity and the mixing of different, noninteracting simple solid components was examined on the basis of the dielectric function epsilon(1)(omega) + iepsilon(2)(omega). For closely related insulating solids with an identical composition and the formula unit volume V, the relation [epsilon(1)(omega) - 1]V = constant was found by combining the relation epsilon(2)(omega)V = constant with the Kramers-Kronig relation. This relation becomes [n(2)(omega) - 1]V = constant for the index of refraction n(omega) determined for the incident light with energy less than the band gap (i.e., h omega < E(g)). For a narrow range of change in the formula unit volume, the latter relation is well approximated by a linear relation between n and 1/V.     

Effect of the nature of the solvent and the temperature on the frequency and intensity of the stretching vibration of the Ge-H bond in the IR spectra of 1-hydrogermatranes

Conclusions The Ge-H stretching vibration in the IR spectra of 1-hydrogermatranes varies under the influence of the solvent and the temperature as a result of the presence of the transannular Ge N bond. The change in the length of this bond with variation in the polarity of the solvent and the temperature of the solutions is smaller in germatranes than for the Si N bond in the isostructural silatranes.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1758–1761, August, 1985.     

Investigation of the influence of the polarity of the solvent on the composition of the extractive substances and post-extraction residues of the bark ofAbies sibirica

The chemical compositions of the initial bark of the Siberian firAbies sibirica and of the solid residues after extraction with carbon dioxide, water, and alcohol have been studied. On successive extraction, the yield of extractive substances amounted to 25.05% of the absolutely dry bark. The carbon dioxide, aqueous, and alcoholic extracts obtained have been investigated. The carbon dioxide extract was found to contain 34.97% of essential oil, while only traces of it were detected in the aqueous and alcoholic extracts.Krasnoyarsk State Technological Academy. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 42–45, January–February, 1996. Original article submitted August 14, 1995.     

On the quality of the hardness kernel and the Fukui function to evaluate the global hardness

An approximated hardness kernel, which includes the second derivative with respect to the density of the kinetic energy, the electron-electron coulomb repulsion, and the exchange density functionals, has been tested for the calculation of the global hardness. The results obtained for a series of 40 cations and neutral systems and 16 anions represent in most cases an improvement of the results obtained using the HOMO-LUMO gap approach and indicate the viability of this approach to evaluate global hardness. In addition, the relevance of the Fukui function approximation and the role of the three components of the hardness kernel in the evaluation of the global hardness have been analyzed.