载银sod基纳米分子筛的合成及抗菌性能

采用两步法合成了 sod 基系列分子筛(EMT、FAU、SOD),并通过离子交换法引入 Ag⁺得到载银分子筛,通过 X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证明离子交换前后分子筛骨架结构和晶粒尺寸没有发生明显变化;通过红外光谱(IR)、热重(TG)证明制得的载银分子筛具有良好的稳定性;对获得的载银分子筛进行了Ag⁺释放实验与抗菌能力测试,考察了分子筛种类和晶粒尺寸对抗菌性能的影响。结果表明具有笼状结构的FAU与EMT分子筛因可储存更多的Ag⁺而具有更好的抗菌性能,而具有超笼结构的 FAU 分子筛抗菌性能最优。通过对比不同晶粒尺寸载银 FAU 分子筛抗菌数据发现,晶粒尺寸为 100 nm 的载银FAU分子筛因外表面丰富的抗菌活性位点以及其内部可以储存并不断释放 Ag⁺而具有最优的抗菌性能和抗菌寿命。而晶粒尺寸为10 nm的载银FAU分子筛由于晶粒尺寸较小、外比表面积大、扩散路径短,Ag⁺的释放速率最快,抗菌效率最高。     

一维链状聚-L-苯丙氨酸合银(Ⅰ)单晶及纳米晶体的合成与表征

合成了[Ag(L-Phe)]_∞单晶，晶体属于单斜晶系，空间群为P2₁，a=0.723 3(9) nm，b=0.641 2(8) nm，c=1.016 4(13) nm，β= 106.098(3)°，V=0.451 5(10) nm³，Z=2，F(000)=268，R₁=0.053 1。Ag(Ⅰ)分别与2个L-苯丙氨酸分子的羧基氧原子和氨基氮原子连接形成二配位结构，并沿a轴形成无限的一维链状结构，该链状结构呈现不太明显的右螺旋构型；采用“线性反应器”合成了一系列(直径为20～60 nm，长度为200 nm～2.2 μm)纳米尺寸，结构与单晶一致的[Ag(L-Phe)]_∞一维链状物，TEM观察了该纳米晶的自组装过程。     

载银sod基纳米分子筛的合成及抗菌性能

采用两步法合成了sod基系列分子筛(EMT、FAU、SOD),并通过离子交换法引入Ag⁺得到载银分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证明离子交换前后分子筛骨架结构和晶粒尺寸没有发生明显变化;通过红外光谱(IR)、热重(TG)证明制得的载银分子筛具有良好的稳定性;对获得的载银分子筛进行了Ag⁺释放实验与抗菌能力测试,考察了分子筛种类和晶粒尺寸对抗菌性能的影响。结果表明具有笼状结构的FAU与EMT分子筛因可储存更多的Ag⁺而具有更好的抗菌性能,而具有超笼结构的FAU分子筛抗菌性能最优。通过对比不同晶粒尺寸载银FAU分子筛抗菌数据发现,晶粒尺寸为100 nm的载银FAU分子筛因外表面丰富的抗菌活性位点以及其内部可以储存并不断释放Ag⁺而具有最优的抗菌性能和抗菌寿命。而晶粒尺寸为10 nm的载银FAU分子筛由于晶粒尺寸较小、外比表面积大、扩散路径短,Ag⁺的释放速率最快,抗菌效率最高。     

由半刚性三羧酸配体构筑的一维和二维钴(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及磁性质

采用水热方法,用半刚性三羧酸配体（H₃cpta）和菲咯啉（phen）或2,2''-联吡啶（2,2''-bipy）与CoCl₂·6H₂O反应,合成了一个一维链状配位聚合物[Co（μ2-Hcpta）（phen）（H₂O）]_n（1）和一个二维层状配位聚合物[Co₃（μ5-cpta）₂（2,2''-bipy）₂]_n（2）,并对其结构和磁性质进行了研究。结构分析结果表明2个配合物均属于单斜晶系,P2_1/c空间群。配合物1具有一维链状结构,而且这些一维链状结构通过C-H…O氢键作用进一步形成了二维超分子网络。而配合物2具有由三核钴单元构筑的二维层状结构。研究表明,配合物1和2中相邻钴离子间存在反铁磁相互作用。     

由半刚性三羧酸配体构筑的一维和二维钴(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及磁性质

采用水热方法,用半刚性三羧酸配体（H₃cpta）和菲咯啉（phen）或2,2''-联吡啶（2,2''-bipy）与CoCl₂·6H₂O反应,合成了一个一维链状配位聚合物[Co（μ₂-Hcpta）（phen）（H₂O）]_n（1）和一个二维层状配位聚合物[Co₃（μ₅-cpta）₂（2,2''-bipy）₂]_n（2）,并对其结构和磁性质进行了研究。结构分析结果表明2个配合物均属于单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群。配合物1具有一维链状结构,而且这些一维链状结构通过C-H…O氢键作用进一步形成了二维超分子网络。而配合物2具有由三核钴单元构筑的二维层状结构。研究表明,配合物1和2中相邻钴离子间存在反铁磁相互作用。     

两个由1H-苯并三氮唑-1-乙酸构筑的镉、银配合物的合成及晶体结构

合成了2个配位聚合物{[Cd(btaa)(phen)(CH₃COO)]·H₂O}_n(1)和{[Ag₂(btaa)(4,4-bpy)₂](NO₃)·2H₂O}_n(2)(Hbtaa=1H-苯并三氮唑-1-乙酸,phen=1,10-邻菲啰啉,4,4-bpy=4,4-联吡啶),采用单晶X-射线、红外光谱、元素分析和热重分析对配合物进行了表征。配合物1中的镉离子通过1H-苯并三氮唑-1-乙酸根桥连成一位螺旋链状结构。在配合物2中,银离子被4,4-联吡啶连接成一维链状结构,这些一维链通过1H-苯并三氮唑-1-乙酸根桥连以及Ag···Ag作用和π-π堆积连接成一维梯子状结构。此外,还研究了配合物1的荧光性质。     

一维交替铁磁-反铁磁耦合的海森堡链[Mn(N3)2(pybox)]n

合成了一种叠氮锰一维链状化合物（[Mn^Ⅱ（N₃）₂（pybox）]_n,1）,该化合物采用2,6-吡啶双噁唑啉（pybox）三齿配体和叠氮作为共配体。用单晶X射线衍射的方法对其晶体结构进行了表征,结果表明二价锰离子通过双EO叠氮桥和双EE桥交替桥连成链状结构,其中锰离子分别与4个叠氮根和1个pybox配体上的3个氮原子配位,为七配位模式。变温磁化率数据表明,交替的EO叠氮桥和EE叠氮桥分别传递铁磁和反铁磁耦合相互作用形成一维交替的海森堡链。通过S=5/2交替铁磁-反铁磁耦合一维体系的理论模型,我们获得其磁耦合常数为：J₁=9.19cm^-1,J₂=-19.89cm^-1。化合物1在低温表现出反铁磁有序。     

一维链状三(邻氟苄基)锡二茂铁甲酸酯的合成、结构和量子化学研究

二茂铁甲酸与μ-氧-双[三(邻氟苄基)锡]反应合成了一维链状三(邻氟苄基)锡二茂铁甲酸酯，经X射线衍射方法测定了化合物的晶体结构。化合物晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为P2₁/n，晶体学参数：a=1.592 4(6) nm，b=1.013 4(4) nm，c=1.748 2(7) nm，β=91.920(7)°，V=2.819 4(19) nm³，Z=4，D_c=1.590 g·cm^-3，μ(Mo Kα)=14.48 cm^-1，F(000)=1 352，R₁=0.041 8，wR₂=0.078 5；锡原子呈五配位为畸变三角双锥构型，通过二茂铁甲酸羧基桥联形成一维链状结构。对其单元结构进行量子化学从头计算，探讨了化合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量以及一些前沿分子轨道的组成特征。     

以3,5-二溴苯甲酸及吡啶构筑的一维镉（Ⅱ）和锰（Ⅱ）配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构、荧光及磁性质

通过水热方法,以3,5-二溴苯甲酸（3,5-HBr₂BC）和吡啶（py）分别与Cd（NO₃）₂·4H₂O和MnSO₄·2H₂O反应,合成了2个具有同质异心结构的一维链状配位聚合物[M₃（3,5-Br₂BC）₆（py）₂]_n（M=Cd,1;Mn,2）,并对其结构、荧光和磁性质进行了研究。结构分析结果表明2个化合物属于三斜晶系,P1空间群。这些配合物具有一维链状结构,而且这些一维链状结构通过Br…Br卤键和C-H…Br氢键作用进一步形成了三维超分子框架。配合物1在室温下能分别发出很强的绿色荧光,配合物2中相邻锰离子间存在反铁磁相互作用。     

一维链状3-碘苯甲酸铽配合物的合成、晶体结构和性质表征

溶液法合成了配合物{[Tb(3-IBA)₃(H₂O)₂]·0.5(4,4′-bipy)}_n(3-IBA=3-碘苯甲酸根;4,4′-bipy=4,4′-联吡啶),并通过X-射线衍射单晶结构分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱以及热重分析对配合物进行了结构和性质表征。配合物晶体属三斜晶系,P1空间群。该配合物具有一维链状结构。Tb³⁺离子与8个O原子配位,其中6个O原子来自5个3-碘苯甲酸根,2个O原子来自水分子。相邻Tb³⁺离子通过2个双齿桥联的3-碘苯甲酸根联结成一维链状结构。未配位的4,4′-联吡啶分子与配位水分子之间形成氢键,并将相邻的一维链联结起来形成二维网状结构。沿a轴的分子堆积形成一维孔道,是由于相邻一维链的苯环之间部分重叠而形成的。在紫外光照射下,配合物发出很强的绿色荧光。配合物的荧光光谱中,4个峰位于490、544、583和619 nm,分别对应于Tb³⁺离子的⁵D₄→⁷F₆、⁵D₄→⁷F₅、⁵D₄→⁷F₄和⁵D₄→⁷F₃跃迁。     

A hybrid rheological model for particulate suspension in zeolite crystal growth

A hybrid constitutive model is developed to represent the thixotropic behavior of particulate suspension during zeolite crystallization from solution. This model is valid over the complete solid fraction range typical for such a process. It employs two internal variables, agglomeration and contiguity, to describe the degree to which the gel particles form short- and long-range networks. The contiguity is used to weigh the effects of hydrodynamic to chain-like network deformation on the suspension viscosity. Heterogeneous nucleation and surface reaction-controlled crystal growth are assumed to describe the evolution of microstructure and solid fraction of gel and crystals. Such a model successfully captures the thixotropic behavior of zeolite particulate suspension by comparison of the predictions with a set of experimental data.     

Concerted Bimetallic Nanocluster Synthesis and Encapsulation via Induced Zeolite Framework Demetallation for Shape and Substrate Selective Heterogeneous Catalysis

Bimetallic nanoparticle encapsulation in microporous zeolite crystals is a promising route for producing catalysts with unprecedented reaction selectivities. Herein, a novel synthetic approach was developed to produce PtZn_x nanoclusters encapsulated inside zeolite micropores by introducing Pt²⁺ cations into a zincosilicate framework via ion exchange, and subsequent controlled demetallation and alloying with framework Zn. The resulting zeolites featured nanoclusters with sizes of approximately 1 nm, having an interatomic structure corresponding to a PtZn_x alloy as confirmed by pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. These materials featured simultaneous shape and substrate specificity demonstrated by the selective production of p‐chloroaniline from the competitive hydrogenation of p‐chloronitrobenzene and 1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐nitrobenzene.     

Kinetics of Sorption,Desorption, and Diffusion in Zeolites

Sorption and desorption in zeolites (molecular sieves) have to be considered as complex processes, involving simultaneous diffusion in zeolite crystals, mass transfer in the intercrystalline void of a pellet, and heat transfer between the zeolitic sorbent and its surroundings. The kinetics of sorption and desorption, respectively, of n-C₄H₁₀ in zeolite X and of CO₂ in zeolite A have been investigated: only the initial rates of uptake or release of the sorbet are controlled by mass transfer alone whereas ultimately they also depend on the rate of heat transfer from the sorbent to its surroundings or vice versa. Diffusivities of the sorbate in the zeolite crystals can be obtained from the kinetics of mass transfer, provided the resistance due to viscous or Knudsen flow between the crystals of the zeolitic sorbent can be eliminated. A sample consisting of a monolayer of single crystals had to be used for this purpose in the n-butane/zeolite X system; the intracrystalline diffusivity obtained in this way is not in conflict with data obtained by NMR spectroscopy. The intracrystalline diffusivities obtained in this way—taking into account the coupling of several processes during sorption — are higher than values reported in the literature.     

Impact of the Spatial Organization of Bifunctional Metal–Zeolite Catalysts on the Hydroisomerization of Light Alkanes

Improving product selectivity by controlling the spatial organization of functional sites at the nanoscale is a critical challenge in bifunctional catalysis. We present a series of composite bifunctional catalysts consisting of one-dimensional zeolites (ZSM-22 and mordenite) and a γ-alumina binder, with platinum particles controllably deposited either on the alumina binder or inside the zeolite crystals. The hydroisomerization of n-heptane demonstrates that the catalysts with platinum particles on the binder, which separates platinum and acid sites at the nanoscale, leads to a higher yield of desired isomers than catalysts with platinum particles inside the zeolite crystals. Platinum particles within the zeolite crystals impose pronounced diffusion limitations on reaction intermediates, which leads to secondary cracking reactions, especially for catalysts with narrow micropores or large zeolite crystals. These findings extend the understanding of the “intimacy criterion” for the rational design of bifunctional catalysts for the conversion of low-molecular-weight reactants.     

Impact of the Spatial Organization of Bifunctional Metal–Zeolite Catalysts on the Hydroisomerization of Light Alkanes

Improving product selectivity by controlling the spatial organization of functional sites at the nanoscale is a critical challenge in bifunctional catalysis. We present a series of composite bifunctional catalysts consisting of one‐dimensional zeolites (ZSM‐22 and mordenite) and a γ‐alumina binder, with platinum particles controllably deposited either on the alumina binder or inside the zeolite crystals. The hydroisomerization of n‐heptane demonstrates that the catalysts with platinum particles on the binder, which separates platinum and acid sites at the nanoscale, leads to a higher yield of desired isomers than catalysts with platinum particles inside the zeolite crystals. Platinum particles within the zeolite crystals impose pronounced diffusion limitations on reaction intermediates, which leads to secondary cracking reactions, especially for catalysts with narrow micropores or large zeolite crystals. These findings extend the understanding of the “intimacy criterion” for the rational design of bifunctional catalysts for the conversion of low‐molecular‐weight reactants.     

Graphene Oxide Facilitates Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Well‐Dispersed,Faceted Zeolite Crystals

Zeolites with molecular dimension pores are widely used in petrochemical and fine‐chemical industries. While traditional solvothermal syntheses suffer from environmental, safety, and efficiency issues, the newly developed solvent‐free synthesis is limited by zeolite crystal aggregation. Herein, we report well‐dispersed and faceted silicalite ZSM‐5 zeolite crystals obtained using a solvent‐free synthesis facilitated by graphene oxide (GO). The selective interactions between the GO sheets and different facets, which are confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, result in oriented growth of the ZSM‐5 crystals along the c‐axis. More importantly, the incorporation of GO sheets into the ZSM‐5 crystals leads to the formation of mesopores. Consequently, the faceted ZSM‐5 crystals exhibit hierarchical pore structures. This synthetic method is superior to conventional approaches because of the features of the ZSM‐5 zeolite.     

Graphene Oxide Facilitates Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Well‐Dispersed,Faceted Zeolite Crystals

Zeolites with molecular dimension pores are widely used in petrochemical and fine‐chemical industries. While traditional solvothermal syntheses suffer from environmental, safety, and efficiency issues, the newly developed solvent‐free synthesis is limited by zeolite crystal aggregation. Herein, we report well‐dispersed and faceted silicalite ZSM‐5 zeolite crystals obtained using a solvent‐free synthesis facilitated by graphene oxide (GO). The selective interactions between the GO sheets and different facets, which are confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, result in oriented growth of the ZSM‐5 crystals along the c‐axis. More importantly, the incorporation of GO sheets into the ZSM‐5 crystals leads to the formation of mesopores. Consequently, the faceted ZSM‐5 crystals exhibit hierarchical pore structures. This synthetic method is superior to conventional approaches because of the features of the ZSM‐5 zeolite.     

多级孔NaX分子筛的合成及CO2吸附性能

采用两步晶化和氨基酸辅助的协同合成策略, 制备了具有高产率(89%)和高结晶度(微孔体积为0.30 cm ³/g)的多级孔NaX分子筛. 利用X射线粉末衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜和氮气吸附等技术, 考察了两步晶化和氨基酸加入量对NaX分子筛的形貌、 相对结晶度和产率的影响. 实验结果表明, 两步晶化有利于多级孔结构的产生, 氨基酸的引入有助于提高分子筛相对结晶度和产率. 与传统方法合成的NaX分子筛相比, 该合成策略制备的多级孔NaX分子筛展现出更优异的CO₂吸附性能, 在273 K和100 kPa条件下, 其CO₂吸附量达到154.2 cm ³/g, 而传统NaX分子筛的CO₂吸附量为147.6 cm ³/g. 该合成策略为绿色且高效制备高质量的多级孔分子筛提供了新思路.     

Dual‐Mesoporous ZSM‐5 Zeolite with Highly b‐Axis‐Oriented Large Mesopore Channels for the Production of Benzoin Ethyl Ether

Dual‐mesoporous ZSM‐5 zeolite with highly b axis oriented large mesopores was synthesized by using nonionic copolymer F127 and cationic surfactant CTAB as co‐templates. The product contains two types of mesopores—smaller wormlike ones of 3.3 nm in size and highly oriented larger ones of 30–50 nm in diameter along the b axis—and both of them interpenetrate throughout the zeolite crystals and interconnect with zeolite microporosity. The dual‐mesoporous zeolite exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the condensation of benzaldehyde with ethanol and greater than 99 % selectivity for benzoin ethyl ether at room temperature, which can be ascribed to the zeolite lattice structure offering catalytically active sites and the hierarchical and oriented mesoporous structure providing fast access of reactants to these sites in the catalytic reaction. The excellent recyclability and high catalytic stability of the catalyst suggest prospective applications of such unique mesoporous zeolites in the chemical industry.     

Synthesis of mesoporous zeolite single crystals with cheap porogens

Mesoporous zeolite (silicalite-1, ZSM-5, TS-1) single crystals have been successfully synthesized by adding soluble starch or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to a conventional zeolite synthesis system. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption analysis, ²⁷Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (²⁷Al MAS NMR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). The SEM images clearly show that all zeolite crystals possess the similar morphology with particle size of about 300 nm, the TEM images reveal that irregular intracrystal pores are randomly distributed in the whole crystal. ²⁷Al MAS NMR spectra indicate that nearly all of the Al atoms are in tetrahedral co-ordination in ZSM-5, UV-vis spectra confirm that nearly all of titanium atoms are incorporated into the framework of TS-1. The catalytic activity of meso-ZSM-5 in acetalization of cyclohexanone and meso-TS-1 in hydroxylation of phenol was also studied. The synthesis method reported in this paper is cost-effective and environmental friendly, can be easily expended to prepare other hierarchical structured zeolites.