稀土配合物荧光探针在活细胞成像研究中的新进展

稀土配合物荧光探针在生物学研究中,尤其在活细胞成像方面的应用渐已引起人们的关注.本文就稀土配合物的发光特点及其作为荧光探针在活细胞成像研究领域的进展进行了评述.引用文献70篇.     

稀土有机配合物发光研究的新进展

本文描述了稀土有机配合物发光学基础研究及有关应用研究的国内外动态。评述了近十年来稀土-β二酮配合物发光研究的新进展及在工农业、科技方面的应用。对八十年代后期发展起来的稀土生物荧光标记、稀土离子在生物大分子结构探针研究方面也给予了综合报道。此外,对稀土-高分子有机配合物、低价态稀土-有机配合物发光研究的概况做了介绍。最后,本文还展望了稀土-有机配合物发光研究的发展趋势.     

稀土/L型沸石主-客体发光功能材料的研究进展

沸石微孔晶体材料作为客体功能物种的主体材料在主-客体组装化学中发挥着越来越重要的作用,在微型激光器、非线性光学、生物成像、光放大及光显示等高技术领域已显示出广阔、诱人的发展前景.本文介绍国内外,特别是河北工业大学在稀土/L型沸石主-客体杂化功能材料的组装、结构及其发光性能的研究工作,具体包括：稀土有机配合物在L沸石孔道内的组装、L型沸石-有机高分子透明杂化发光材料的制备及稀土有机配合物诱导控制的L型沸石自组装等.此外,本文对稀土/L型沸石主-客体杂化发光功能材料的研究进行了展望.     

发光ZnSalen配合物在分子荧光成像中的应用进展

荧光分子探针的设计、合成以及应用是分子荧光成像领域重要的化学问题.本文从Znsalen配合物的基本性质出发,概述了Znsalen配合物结构与功能的关系,特别是其发光性质与分子结构及分子聚集状态的相关性及应用.针对Znsalen配合物的发光性质,展示了其应用于分子荧光成像和活细胞中分子事件监测的研究进展.这些最新研究表明,Znsalen配合物探针的细胞毒性低(利于活细胞成像)、发光效率高(适用于单、双光子成像)、发光可调(通过配体的修饰和分子聚集状态的调节),有望作为一类重要的发光金属荧光探针实现在分子荧光成像中的应用.     

NH_4[RE(Ac)_4·H_2O]发光稀土配合物的研究

以乙酸和乙酸铵为配体,合成了新颖发光稀土配合物,通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析等手段对配合物进行了表征,确定其结构为NH4[RE(Ac)4.H2O](RE=Tb或Eu).结果表明,配合物中羧基以螯合、双齿和单齿方式与稀土离子配位;并通过荧光光谱分析、荧光寿命研究了其发光性能,配合物能发射强的稀土离子的特征荧光且有较长的荧光寿命.     

稀土纳米材料在高分辨活体成像及诊疗中的应用

荧光成像具有时空分辨率高、 反馈快、 非侵入和无电离辐射等优点, 是一种重要的生物成像技术. 与传统用于荧光成像的可见光和近红外一区(NIR-I, 600~950 nm)相比, 近红外二区(NIR-Ⅱ, 1000~1700 nm)窗口具有低生物组织散射系数和低生物自发荧光, 采用NIR-Ⅱ光进行活体荧光成像能有效提高成像的分辨率、 信噪比和穿透深度. 稀土纳米颗粒(RENPs)具有大斯托克斯位移、 高化学稳定性、 可调的荧光寿命以及较窄的发射带, 是一种重要的荧光成像探针. 近年来, 一系列具有优异的NIR-Ⅱ发光性能的稀土纳米材料被用于高分辨活体荧光成像. 本文综合评述了近年来RENPs用于高分辨活体成像及诊疗中的研究进展, 概述了RENPs的掺杂调控、 基质晶格选择和复合敏化等NIR-Ⅱ发光增强策略, 介绍了其在多种生物医学场景中的靶向聚集、 荧光传感和疾病治疗等功能, 并总结了其在多路成像、 多模态成像和疾病诊疗中的应用. 最后, 简要分析了RENPs在未来生物医学应用中面临的挑战和发展的方向.     

聚合物稀土配合物发光材料的合成与性能研究

聚合物稀土配合物兼具稀土离子独特的发光特性和聚合物易加工成型等优点,在平面显示和信息通讯等领域具有巨大的应用潜力,研究开发新型大分子配体以及稀土含量高且荧光强的聚合物稀土配合物材料具有重要意义。本文重点对聚合物稀土配合物发光材料结构设计和合成方法的研究进展进行了综述,并从大分子配体和高分子稀土配合物的结构与发光性能关系...     

杯芳烃稀土配合物的光性能及应用

杯芳烃作为继环糊精和冠醚之后的大环化合物,以其特有的结构特点和易化学修饰性而成为新一代人工受体的代表,其典型的超分子特性成为近年来研究的热点。在杯芳烃中引入羧基、吡啶、羰基等能与稀土离子配位的官能团,利用杯芳烃骨架苯环的π→π*吸收或所引入官能团的紫外吸收对稀土离子的能量传递,可使配合物表现出独特的发光性质。基于上述原因,杯芳烃稀土离子配合物发光性质的研究及应用备受人们的重视和青睐。本文从荧光传感器、分子开关、发光材料三个应用方面综述了近几年有关杯芳烃稀土离子配合物的研究工作。     

稀土无机发光材料:电子结构、光学性能和生物应用

目前,稀土无机发光材料在激光、光通讯、平板显示、荧光生物标记和纳米光电子器件等领域具有广泛的应用前景.稀土离子(从Ce到Yb)是一类性能优异的结构和光谱探针,其在不同介质材料中的光学性能主要取决于其局域态的电子结构和激发态动力学.对稀土发光材料开展深入的光学和光电子学基础研究有助于发现新颖的光学性能或开辟新的应用领域.依托研制的低温高分辨激光光谱和上转换量子产率等仪器,本课题组致力于稀土无机发光材料电子结构与性能研究,近年来在发光材料的控制合成、电子结构、光学性能及生物应用等方面取得了系列重要结果.这些研究有望加快实现稀土无机发光材料在生物应用的突破,实现稀土资源的高值利用.     

含稀土三元配合物高分子纳米纤维的制备与荧光性质研究

将发光良好的稀土三元配合物Eu(TTA)3phen和Tb(AA)3phen复合到水溶性的聚合物PVP中.通过静电纺丝技术得到了具有荧光特性的聚合物纳米纤维,并用扫描电镜和透射电镜对产物的微观结构进行了研究.同时研究了其荧光激发和发射光谱及荧光寿命.荧光测试表明稀土配合物在聚合物纳米纤维中比其在粉末中有更高的发光强度及更长的荧光寿命,其原因可归结为聚合物链状结构使得配合物无辐射的分子运动的受限,聚合物纳米纤维为稀土配合物提供了一个稳定的环境.该纳米纤维在紫外激发光的照射下可以发射出很强的稀土配合物的特征红光和绿光.     

Micro- and nanomechanical sensors for environmental, chemical, and biological detection

Micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, including cantilevers and other small scale structures, have been studied for sensor applications. Accurate sensing of gaseous or aqueous environments, chemical vapors, and biomolecules have been demonstrated using a variety of these devices that undergo static deflections or shifts in resonant frequency upon analyte binding. In particular, biological detection of viruses, antigens, DNA, and other proteins is of great interest. While the majority of currently used detection schemes are reliant on biomarkers, such as fluorescent labels, time, effort, and chemical activity could be saved by developing an ultrasensitive method of label-free mass detection. Micro- and nanoscale sensors have been effectively applied as label-free detectors. In the following, we review the technologies and recent developments in the field of micro- and nanoelectromechanical sensors with particular emphasis on their application as biological sensors and recent work towards integrating these sensors in microfluidic systems.     

铂合金氧还原催化剂:合成、结构和性能

质子交换膜燃料电池是一种将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的装置,它具有转化效率高、能量密度高、低温启动、易于操作等优点,因而被认为是最具发展前景的新能源利用方式,在电动汽车、便携电源及分散式电站有着广泛应用.但是,目前质子交换膜燃料电池技术的发展面临着巨大挑战,主要问题包括高成本、低功率密度和低寿命.众所周知,质子交换膜燃料电池中的阴极氧还原反应在酸性条件下是一个复杂的四电子过程,动力学速度缓慢,限制了电池的最终性能.目前大量使用的阴极氧还原催化剂是细小的铂或铂合金纳米颗粒负载在碳载体上,其成本占燃料电池总成本的比例最大.制约燃料电池商业化发展的另一个重要问题是电池寿命低,其中氧还原催化剂的稳定性是决定电池寿命的主要因素.在这样的研究背景下,如何降低催化剂中铂的用量、提高催化剂活性和稳定性显得尤为重要,这也是近年来国内外学者研究的热点.在铂基合金催化剂中,通常采用过渡金属元素作为掺杂元素,由于原子半径不匹配(几何效应)以及电子结构不同(电子效应),合金催化剂表现出优于纯铂催化剂的催化性能.近几年,对于铂基合金催化剂的研究已取得重大进展,以合金组成和结构研究为基础,通过精确控制原子结构、调控表面电子状态以及制备工艺,获得了各种特殊形貌的催化剂,大大提高了催化活性.本文深入综述了近年来铂基合金氧还原催化剂制备、形貌和性能,特别关注了催化剂形貌和催化活性之间的关系.值得注意的是,具有有序原子排列的铂合金催化剂不仅在半电池中表现出优异活性,在实际质子交换膜燃料电池中也显示了很好的活性和稳定性.另一方面,碳载体的形貌及微观结构也对提高催化活性和稳定性起到决定性作用,通过化学手段加强金属纳米颗粒与碳载体之间的相互作用也是提高催化剂稳定性的重要途径.尽管铂基氧还原催化剂在近几年取得了重要进展,但在实际商业化过程中还存在诸多挑战,本文在综述进展的基础上,对铂基催化剂的发展提出了展望.首先,对于氧还原反应机理仍需要深入研究,采用更加精确的理论模型模拟氧还原动力学过程,以获得影响催化活性的关键因素.其次,提高催化剂在膜电极中的催化活性和利用率.目前,氧还原催化剂在半电池测试中性能优异,但是实际燃料电池操作条件下其性能远不能达到要求,这与膜电极、催化剂层及扩散层结构相关.因此,基于不同铂基催化剂的特性,合理设计膜电极组件的结构是将催化剂进行实际应用的基础.最后,催化剂的稳定性仍需进一步提高,尽管目前大部分催化剂在实验室半电池研究中表现了很好的稳定性,但在实际燃料电池中的稳定性研究还不足,而且对催化剂在膜电极中性能衰退机理的研究也非常有限.因此,对于铂基氧还原催化剂的研发仍需要国内外科研工作者不懈的努力.     

Synthesis and Determination of Standard Molar Enthalpies of Formation for Complexes of Rare Earth Isothiocyanates with Glycine

Four solid complexes of rare earth isothiocyanates with glycine were synthesized. They were characterized by chemical analysis, elemental analysis, Infrared spectra, X-ray powder diffraction and TO-DSC analysis. Their chemical formulae were proved to be RE(NCS)2.Gly .H2O, where RE is La, Ce, Pr or Nd. The integral heats of solution of RE(NCS)3.3Gly. H2O in water, of RE(NCS)2. 7H2O in aqueous glycine solution and of glycine in water have been measured calorimetricaliy at 298. 15K. By means of a thermochemical cycle suggested in this paper, the standard molar enthalpies of formation for RE(NCS)2. 3Gly.H2O(c) were obtained and their lattice energies were calculated.     

Developing luminescent silver nanodots for biological applications

Though creation and characterization of water soluble luminescent silver nanodots were achieved only in the past decade, a large variety of emitters in diverse scaffolds have been reported. Photophysical properties approach those of semiconductor quantum dots, but relatively small sizes are retained. Because of these properties, silver nanodots are finding ever-expanding roles as probes and biolabels. In this critical review we revisit the studies on silver nanodots in inert environments and in aqueous solutions. The recent advances detailing their chemical and physical properties of silver nanodots are highlighted with an effort to decipher the relations between their chemical/photophysical properties and their structures. The primary results about their biological applications are discussed here as well, especially relating to their chemical and photophysical behaviours in biological environments (216 references).     

Recent advances in supramolecular self-assembly and biological applications of luminescent alkynylplatinum(II) polypyridine complexes

Among various transition metal complexes, platinum(II) complexes are among one of the most extensively explored classes of metal complexes for supramolecular assembly, as their square-planar molecular geometry allows axial interactions between adjacent complex molecules and access to the formation of supramolecular assemblies with the aid of noncovalent Pt(II)⋯Pt(II) interactions. In the presence of external stimuli, alkynylplatinum(II) polypyridine complexes can self-assemble with alterations in their spectroscopic and luminescence properties. In light of their inherent advantages, including low-energy photoexcitation, red to near-infrared emission, large Stokes shifts, long phosphorescence lifetimes and high photostability, successful applications of alkynylplatinum(II) polypyridine complexes in the detection of biological analytes have been made possible. In this account, presented in part of the FACS Foundation Lecture, we introduce the basic concepts and our recent advances in the development of detection assays for various biomolecules based on luminescent alkynylplatinum(II) polypyridine complexes with selected examples.     

α, β-不饱和酸希土配合物的研究——Ⅱ.3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酸与希土形成固体配合物的研究

本文报道了在水溶液中希土氧化物与3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酸形成配合物的合成方法。根据化学分析推断新化合物的组成为:RE(C_(10)H_9O_4)·xH_2O(RE表示希土元素,x=2或1)。通过溶解度、红外光谱和核磁共振谱等手段对所合成的化合物进行了结构与性质的研究。     

The behavior of cellulose molecules in aqueous environments

Molecular motions of cellulose chains in aqueous environments were investigated by comparison with those in non-aqueous environments using molecular simulation techniques. The cellulose chains under non-aqueous conditions approached each other closely and then made tight aggregates that were formed by direct hydrogen bonding. Those in aqueous environments, such as in a bio-system, were separated from each other by water molecules and did not have direct hydrogen bonding between the cellulose chain molecules. Folded-chain structures were not found in either aqueous or non-aqueous environments that were somewhat crowded. In the aqueous system, the water molecules around the cellulose chains restricted their molecular motions and interrupted formation of direct, interchain hydrogen bonds. In the non-aqueous system, the cellulose chains approached each other closely and then made a tight cluster before the chain molecules could wind and bend. It was concluded that a very dilute solution of cellulose molecules in appropriate solvents is necessary to create folded-chain or random-coiled structures. We also confirmed that the driving force for making tight clusters of cellulose molecules in highly concentrated solutions is the energy of the hydrogen bonding created directly between the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose chains. These results strongly suggest that hydrogen bonding plays a very important role in the characteristics of cellulose molecules.     

Chitosan-mediated in situ biomolecule assembly in completely packaged microfluidic devices

We report facile in situ biomolecule assembly at readily addressable sites in microfluidic channels after complete fabrication and packaging of the microfluidic device. Aminopolysaccharide chitosan's pH responsive and chemically reactive properties allow electric signal-guided biomolecule assembly onto conductive inorganic surfaces from the aqueous environment, preserving the activity of the biomolecules. A transparent and nonpermanently packaged device allows consistently leak-free sealing, simple in situ and ex situ examination of the assembly procedures, fluidic input/outputs for transport of aqueous solutions, and electrical ports to guide the assembly onto the patterned gold electrode sites within the channel. Both in situ fluorescence and ex situ profilometer results confirm chitosan-mediated in situ biomolecule assembly, demonstrating a simple approach to direct the assembly of biological components into a completely fabricated device. We believe that this strategy holds significant potential as a simple and generic biomolecule assembly approach for future applications in complex biomolecular or biosensing analyses as well as in sophisticated microfluidic networks as anticipated for future lab-on-a-chip devices.     

Solution structures of chromium(VI) complexes with glutathione and model thiols

Chromium(VI) complexes of the most abundant biological reductant, glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly, I), are among the likely initial reactive intermediates formed during the cellular metabolism of carcinogenic and genotoxic Cr(VI). Detailed structural characterization of such complexes in solutions has been performed by a combination of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies, electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS), UV-vis spectroscopy, and kinetic studies. The Cr(VI) complexes of two model thiols, N-acetyl-2-mercaptoethylamine (II) and 4-bromobenzenethiol (III), were used for comparison. The Cr(VI)-thiolato complexes were generated quantitatively in weakly acidic aqueous solutions (for I and II) or in DMF solutions (for II) or isolated as a pure solid (for III). Contrary to some claims in the literature, no evidence was found for the formation of relatively stable Cr(IV) intermediates during the reactions of Cr(VI) with I in acidic aqueous solutions. The Cr(VI) complexes of I-III exist as tetrahedral [CrO(3)(SR)](-) (IVa) species in the solid state, in solutions of aprotic solvents such as DMF, or in the gas phase (under ESMS conditions). In aqueous or alcohol solutions, reversible addition of a solvent molecule occurs, with the formation of five-coordinate species, [CrO(3)(SR)L](-) (IVb, probably of a trigonal bipyramidal structure, L = H(2)O or MeOH), with a Cr-L bond length of 1.97(1) A (determined by XAFS data modeling). Complex IVb (L = H(2)O) is also formed (in an equilibrium mixture with [CrO(4)](2)(-)) at the first stage of reduction of Cr(VI) by I in neutral aqueous solutions (as shown by global kinetic analysis of time-dependent UV-vis spectra). This is the first observation of a reversible ligand addition reaction in Cr(VI) complexes. The formation of IVb (rather than IVa, as thought before) during the reactions of Cr(VI) with I in aqueous solutions is likely to be important for the reactivity of Cr(VI) in cellular media, including DNA and protein damage and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases.     

Ultrafast chemistry in complex and confined systems

Self-organized molecular assemblies play a crucial role in many natural and biological processes. Recent applications of ultrafast laser spectroscopy and computer simulations revealed that chemistry in a confined environment is fundamentally different from that in ordinary solutions. Many recent examples of slow dynamics in constrained environments and their biological implications are discussed