纤维增强复合材料界面剪切强度及界面微观结构的表征

界面在纤维增强复合材料中具有特别重要的作用,它不但是纤维增强复合材料中增强相和基体相连接的纽带,也是应力及其他信息传递的桥梁。良好的界面粘结才能使纤维的性能得到充分发挥,进而纤维增强复合材料的力学性能得到提高,因此对纤维增强复合材料的界面粘结性能、界面微观结构的研究非常重要。本文总结了纤维增强复合材料界面剪切强度、界面微观结构的表征方法,包括单纤维拔出试验、纤维断裂试验、纤维压出试验等,并侧重介绍了拉曼光谱对纤维增强复合材料界面粘结性能、界面微观结构的研究。     

碳纳米管改性聚苯硫醚熔纺纤维的结构与性能研究

将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和聚苯硫醚(PPS)经过熔融挤出后制备成复合材料切片,并采用熔融纺丝法制得碳纳米管改性聚苯硫醚复合纤维.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)、动态机械分析(DMA)以及力学性能测试等表征手段研究了复合纤维中碳管的分散状态,与基体的界面作用,复合纤维的结晶性能以及力学性能,从而探讨了聚苯硫醚/碳纳米管复合纤维体系的微观结构与宏观性能之间的关系.研究表明,聚苯硫醚分子结构与碳纳米管之间具有的π-π共轭作用使碳管较为均匀的分散在基体中,界面结合较为紧密.同时熔融纺丝过程中的拉伸作用使碳管进一步解缠并使碳管沿纤维拉伸方向取向.另一方面,拉曼光谱显示拉伸作用有效地增强了界面作用,有利于外界应力的传递.碳管的良好分散以及强的界面作用使复合纤维力学性能得到大幅度的提高,当碳管含量达到5 wt%时,复合纤维的模量有了明显的提高,拉伸强度较纯PPS纤维提高了近220%.     

现场光谱电化学研究的新进展

电化学以两个凝聚相的荷电界面为其主要研究对象．它广泛地应用于能源、材料等重要科学领域，并对生命科学的发展发挥着重要作用［1，2］．为了从分子水平上深化对电化学界面的认识，自七十年代中至八十年代初采用了紫外可见反射、拉曼和红外光谱技术对电化学体系进行现场（in-situ，又称原位）研究，开创了光谱电化学新领域[3,4]．光谱电化学在／＼十年代发展迅速，推动电化学研究由宏观进入微观、由统计平均深入至分子水平【‘一刀．近年来，随着各种光谱仪器性能的提高以及非线性光谱等新技术的发展，现场光谱电化学研究不断拓宽新领域，…     

短碳纤维增强聚芳醚酮断面形态的研究

复合材料的强度是通过基体和纤维之间的应力传递获得的．这种传递可通过基体和纤维之间机械的、物理的和化学的结合来实现．因此,复合材料的界面结合很重要,它直接影响碳纤维在复合材料中的增强效率．短纤维在基体中由于其末端较多,其内部更易形成应力集中［１～４］．...     

激光拉曼光谱(一)

一、前言 1928年印度物理学家C.V.拉曼(Raman)发现了拉曼效应。拉曼光谱学是以拉曼效应为基础发展起来的。拉曼光谱发展的前十年,在结构化学、分子光谱学的研究中发挥了重要作用。在这十年中间共发表了二千多篇文章,报导了四千余种化合物的拉曼光谱图。由于技术上的原因,拉曼光谱在实验技术和应用上都有相当的局限性。例如,样品用量大(通常要几十毫升)、曝光时间长(有时需数小时到几十小时)、并且仅限于做无色液体样品、受荧光干扰大等。然而,在六十年代初期,激光被用作拉曼光谱的激发光源之后,由于激光的优越性(能量大而集中,单色性好,偏振性能强),克     

接枝聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料制备及合成机理

通过原位悬浮聚合的方法, 以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)做引发剂, 制备了聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管(MWNT-g-PS)纳米复合材料, 复合材料在水和乙醇中均表现出良好的分散性及稳定性. 通过高倍透射电镜(HRTEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)分析, 多壁碳纳米管上包覆有1～3 nm的聚苯乙烯膜, 并分布有半径从几十纳米到几百纳米不等的聚苯乙烯微球. 通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy)、X光电子能谱(XPS)和热重分析(TGA)对复合材料进行分析, 结果表明, 自由基将多壁碳纳米管表面π键打开, 形成一种新的自由基, 引发聚苯乙烯的自由基聚合, 形成了接枝聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料.     

原位拉曼光谱技术用于反应和结晶控制研究进展

随着高分辨光谱技术和原位技术的发展,原位拉曼光谱的研制促进一系列原位微观物理化学行为及机理的研究,对材料的设计和应用有着重要意义.本文从拉曼光谱的原理及拉曼信号的影响因素出发,概述原位拉曼光谱技术用于反应和结晶控制的具体实例,总结原位拉曼光谱在化学反应和溶液结晶中晶体多态性、中间体和产物微观结构、化学键合模式等方面的研究进展,为研究反应及结晶机理提供重要线索,并对原位拉曼光谱技术的发展趋势进行了预测.     

动态力学分析方法在塑木复合材料研究中的应用

阐述了动态力学分析(DMA)方法在塑木复合材料研究中的应用现状,重点介绍了国内外运用动态力学方法分析塑木复合材料界面相容性的问题。使用各类改性剂改善塑木复合材料的界面相容性后,塑木复合材料的刚性增加,其储能模量比相容性差的复合材料要高。当用DMA的损耗角正切(tanδ)来分析塑木复合材料的界面相容性时,我们可以得出如下结论:对于填料纤维和塑料之间具有良好界面相容性的复合材料,由于强的界面粘结作用可以限制填料-基体界面链段的运动,往往使得tanδ的振幅值降低,而其对应的温度,即玻璃化转变温度(Tg)将移动到更高的温度,并且复合材料界面增强指数和弛豫过程的活化能越大,界面粘结强度越大。     

单晶电极界面反应过程的电化学原位拉曼光谱研究

自20世纪70年代起,人们利用原位光谱技术（拉曼、红外等）对电化学界面进行了系统的研究,进而发展出原位谱学电化学的研究方向,由于其具有良好的表面灵敏度和能量分辨率,可以提供更多的表面反应信息,进而从微观上揭示反应机理. 伴随着纳米技术的兴起,表面增强拉曼光谱技术取得了快速的发展. 近来,壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱（shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SHINERS）技术更是得到人们的广泛关注. SHINERS的出现为研究单晶模型电极上的催化反应提供了一种非常好的原位光谱技术. 本文主要对原位电化学SHINERS技术在单晶电极界面研究的具体应用及其发展前景进行相关论述.     

纳米复合材料中界面动态特性的扫描静电显微技术研究

纳米复合材料中的微观界面结构和界面作用对材料的宏观介电性能, 如介电常数、介电损耗、击穿强度等有十分重要的影响. 本文发展了一种基于扫描静电显微探针技术的测量方法, 可以直接表征二氧化钛/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的微观界面结构及相应的动态介电响应行为. 实验中利用扫描探针的纳米尺度分辨能力, 探测到不同温度下环氧树脂纳米复合材料的局域动态介电响应变化过程, 从而获得纳米颗粒与高分子界面相互作用及极化相关的温度特性. 进一步通过对二氧化钛纳米颗粒进行表面修饰, 得到了两种不同特性的二氧化钛/环氧树脂界面, 验证了不同界面作用引起的复合材料界面区域与非界面区域高分子链介电损耗图像的反差.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.