乙酰基丙酮络合物催化合成聚乳酸

以钕、钇、锌、铁、钴、镍六种乙酰基丙酮盐Ｍ（ＡｃＡｃ）ｎ成功地催化丙交酯开环聚合成聚乳酸。详细研究了上述乙酰基丙酮盐催化剂品种及其与单体摩尔比［Ｍ（ＡｃＡｃ）ｎ］／［ＬＡ］、温度和时间对聚合反应的影响。结果表明，使用这些催化剂都能得到高于９０％的高聚合转化率；而稀土催化剂在聚合转化率和聚乳酸分子量方面，均显示更好的催化性能；过高的聚合温度和过长的聚合时间会导致聚乳酸的分子量下降。Ｘ－衍射研究表明，以Ｎｄ（ＡｃＡｃ）３催化合成的聚乳酸为非晶聚合物。     

Y（AcAc）3／n—BuMgCl络合催化ε—己内酯本体聚合

应用稀土乙酰基丙酮盐［Ｙ（ＡｃＡｃ）３］与格氏试剂（ｎ－ＢｕＭｇＣｌ）络合催化ε－己内酯聚合。研究了单体与催化剂摩尔化、助催化剂用量、温度、时间及第三组份等条件对聚合反应的影响。结果表明，该催化体系具有较好的反应活性。增加助催化剂用量或选择合适的第三组份如二甲基亚砜能有效地提高单体转化率与聚合物分子量。分子量分布为２．１。Ｘ－衍射分析表明聚己内酯为结晶性聚合物。     

Fe-Zn双金属氰化物催化环氧丙烷开环聚合的研究

用Fe Zn双金属氰化物 (DMC)催化剂合成了数均分子量 30 0 0～ 12 0 0 0的聚氧化丙烯二元醇 .着重考察了聚合反应的温度、加料方式等对聚合物分子量及分布的影响 ,并初步探讨了Fe Zn双金属氰化物催化环氧丙烷开环聚合的反应特征 .实验发现 ,采用Fe ZnDMC催化剂 ,聚合物分子量可控 ;在较高温度下聚合所得的聚合物分子量分布呈双峰形 ,显示反应体系中至少存在两类活性中心 ,这可能与催化剂中存在两种价态的络合物有关 ,当降低聚合温度时 ,聚合物分子量分布呈单峰形 ,可能是一类活性中心没有引发 ;实验中还发现单体分批加料时聚合物分子量分布较窄 ,而一步加料法所得聚合物分子量分布则很宽     

双环戊二烯开环歧化聚合反应及合成聚合物性能研究

采用WCl6－ArOH／Et2AlCl（ArOH：2，6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚）催化体系进行了双环戊二烯的开环歧化聚合反应，考察了单体纯度以及催化体系支载化对聚合反应和合成聚合物性能的影响。在极限聚合浓度下，研究了单体与主、助催化剂摩尔比等因素对聚合反应及合成聚合物性能的影响。实验结果表明：单体纯度越高所得聚合物的机械性能越好；催化体系经聚合物支载化后能显著提高催化体系的催化聚合活性及合成聚合物的机械性能。     

低毒锌类催化剂制备聚乳酸的研究

采用低毒锌类催化剂制备了一系列具有高分子量、不同光学纯度及热力学性质的聚乳酸材料. 以金属锌作催化剂制备丙交酯, 研究了不同裂解温度对产物光学纯度的影响. 随后在低毒催化剂乳酸锌的作用下使丙交酯开环聚合, 进一步研究了单体的光学纯度对聚乳酸立体规整性的影响, 以及聚合过程中的结晶对聚合物分子量和热力学行为的影响. 并用旋光仪、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等方法对产物进行表征. 结果表明, 合适的裂解温度有利于合成高光学纯度的丙交酯; 在低毒乳酸锌的催化作用下, 高光学纯度的单体以及聚合过程中的结晶都有利于制备高分子量聚乳酸.     

丁二酸酐与SnCl_2·2H_2O共催化含水乳酸缩聚制备高分子量聚乳酸

用丁二酸酐与SnCl2.2H2O共催化含水乳酸本体缩聚,合成黏均分子量为6×104的聚乳酸.合成反应时间短,聚乳酸产率高、纯度好.单体为含水10%～15%的乳酸.聚合方法环境友好,不使用任何共沸溶剂.讨论了催化剂用量、反应温度、聚合时间等对聚合反应的影响,并用红外光谱和核磁共振光谱对合成的聚乳酸进行了表征.     

MCM-41分子筛负载氯化铝催化丙烯酸甲酯与1-辛烯共聚

以MCM-41分子筛负载氯化铝为催化剂, 催化丙烯酸甲酯与1-辛烯共聚合反应, 利用称重法测定聚合物产率, 利用核磁共振氢谱分析共聚物组成, 利用凝胶渗透色谱分析共聚物相对数均分子质量, 研究了聚合物产率和共聚物组成随聚合反应时间的变化规律, 考察了溶剂、 催化剂组成和催化剂用量对共聚合结果的影响及催化剂的循环使用性能. 结果表明, 聚合物产率随时间呈S形增长, 而共聚物组成随时间保持恒定, 与氯化铝催化体系规律一致; 溶剂由二氯甲烷改变为乙醇或二甲苯主要影响聚合物组成, 对聚合物相对数均分子质量及其分布影响不大; 催化剂中活性组分的增加有利于增加共聚物中1-辛烯单元的含量, 但对聚合物分子量及分子量分布影响不大; 催化剂中活性组分含量一定时, 随催化剂与单体摩尔比从0.125增加到0.5, 共聚物中1-辛烯单元含量增加, 继续增大催化剂用量不利于提高共聚物中1-辛烯单元含量. 催化剂重复使用3次后仍具有良好的催化活性, 将烯烃单元引入共聚物中, 获得1-辛烯单元摩尔分数达30.1%的聚(丙烯酸甲酯-co-1-辛烯)共聚物.     

空间位阻与氟效应协同增强镍系乙烯聚合

烯烃聚合在工业上是最重要的化学反应之一. 过渡金属催化剂是烯烃聚合反应发展的核心, 其中水杨醛亚胺后过渡金属中性镍催化剂由于杂质耐受性强与无需助催化剂的双重优势备受青睐. 为增强镍催化剂的催化性能, 空间位阻效应或者氟效应策略已有广泛报道; 然而将两者结合形成协同策略仍鲜有研究. 在本工作中, 对位氢和空间位阻取代基(苯基、萘基和蒽基)与邻位氟取代基被同时引入至水杨醛亚胺中性镍催化剂中, 利用空间位阻效应与氟效应来协同增强镍系乙烯聚合. 系统研究空间位阻效应、氟效应、聚合反应温度、聚合时间对乙烯聚合反应的活性、分子量、支化度的影响. 结果表明, 邻位氟取代基显著提升活性、催化剂寿命与聚合物分子量, 降低聚合物支化度; 对位空间位阻取代基的体积根据催化活性或聚合物分子量的需求而定, 但对聚合物支化度几乎无影响. 本工作发展了一种新的调控水杨醛亚胺镍烯烃聚合催化剂手段.     

FeBr3/Me6TREN催化MMA反向原子转移自由基聚合研究

对FeBr3/Me6TREN催化的反向原子转移自由基聚合进行了研究.在不同的催化剂、引发剂的配比、聚合温度和配体用量等条件下,该催化体系催化的MMA聚合反应动力学为一级反应,聚合物分子量可控,分子量分布很窄,说明该体系催化的聚合反应为活性可控聚合.通过实验计算了反应的活化能,并利用UV光谱对催化剂进行了研究.     

新型含硅聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

对FeBr3／Me6TREN催化的反向原子转移自由基聚合进行了研究。在不同的催化剂、引发剂的配比、聚合温度和配体用量等条件下，该催化体系催化的MMA聚合反应动力学为一级反应。聚合物分子量可控，分子量分布很窄，说明该体系催化的聚合反应为活性可控聚合，通过实验计算了反应的活化能，并利用UV光谱对催化剂进行了研究。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.