硝酸氧化对三种活性炭结构及化学性能的影响

对煤质活性炭、椰壳活性炭和沥青基活性炭进行了硝酸氧化处理。通过酸碱滴定、红外光谱、比表面积和孔径分布测定研究了硝酸氧化对3种活性炭的表面官能团、比表面积和孔结构的影响,以及硝酸氧化对活性炭进一步进行乙二胺胺化的影响。结果表明,在所选的3种活性炭中,氧化对于椰壳活性炭的物理结构破坏最严重,比表面积下降了16%,而煤质活性炭与沥青基活性炭均很好地保持了原有的结构性质。硝酸氧化在不同的活性炭表面均引入了一定量的酸性基团,其中沥青基活性炭氧化后表面酸性基团含量最高,达到2.36mmol/g。氧化后的3种活性炭接枝乙二胺后,沥青基活性炭的表面碱性基团含量最高,达到1.39mmol/g。     

木炭(活性炭)脱色效率的研究

食醋中醋酸量的测定实验在一些大学与中学教材中都有安排,但陈醋由于颜色深,活性炭脱色效率不高,严重影响实验的进行。通过实验系统研究了市售活性炭、自制锯末活性炭、竹子活性炭、花生壳活性炭、熟骨头活性炭、核桃壳活性炭对陈醋的脱色效率。结果表明：给陈醋脱色时,活化后的市售活性炭效率最高,自制竹子活性炭次之,可以代替市售活性炭使用,值得自制与推广;脱色时振荡比不振荡要好;被脱色液体的体积大小与脱色剂量的比例恰当时,脱色效率最高;脱色后的液体经离心机离心分离可以快速获得无色澄清液体。     

活性炭分离富集技术的应用新进展

对活性炭分离富集技术的应用新进展进行综述。重点评述了活性炭的结构和吸附机理,活性炭对有机物的分离和吸附,活性炭对金属离子的分离和富集,共引用文献３５篇。     

活性炭纤维的性能及其在环境卫生中的应用

简要介绍了新型功能材料——活性炭纤维的种类、制备和改性方法，通过与传统的颗粒状活性炭的比较，阐明了活性炭纤维的独特性能；综述了活性炭纤维在环境卫生方面的应用。     

微波辐射法制备活性炭的应用研究进展

对微波辐射技术在活性炭的活化、表面改性及再生过程中的研究进展进行了概述。微波功率是影响活性炭的活化、改性、再生及其吸附性能和产率的主要因素之一。众多实验结果表明微波辐射技术是制备活性炭材料和提高活性炭吸附性能的有效途径。     

活性炭催化碳酸二甲酯水解行为的研究

以无氯Cu/AC催化剂中活性炭载体为研究对象,对活性炭上DMC水解反应条件进行了考察,并通过Boehm滴定法和XPS对活性炭上DMC水解活性位点进行了分析。结果表明,温度的升高和水含量的增加对DMC水解有较大的促进作用,较高的压力和CO_2气氛对DMC水解有一定的抑制作用,甲醇量和CO、O_2、N_2气氛对DMC水解影响较小。不同条件处理的活性炭表面基团种类、数量均有较大变化,HNO_3处理使活性炭碱性基团含量下降,羧基等酸性含氧官能团含量明显增加,总酸量最高可达1.88 mmol·g~(-1);先HNO_3后NaOH处理的活性炭上酸性基团含量大量减少,表面碱性基团含量则有较大提高,总碱量最高可达1.69 mmol·g-1。特别地,活性炭表面碱性基团是催化DMC水解的活性位点,在活性炭碱性基团含量由0.16增加到1.69mmol·g~(-1)的过程中,DMC水解程度由2.5%增加到了31.7%,而酸处理可以有效降低活性炭表面碱性基团含量,抑制其催化DMC的水解性能。     

缓慢炭化部分氧化对制备煤质活性炭的影响

研究了炭化升温速度、炭化低温区引入空气部分氧化对活性炭制备过程中炭化阶段、炭化物结构、活性炭性能等的影响。结果表明，炭化时低温部分氧化可提高炭化物得率，使炭化物微晶的ｄ００２值升高和Ｌｃ值减小；而较慢的炭化升温速度有利于制备优质活性炭。缓慢炭化、部分氧化可以在一定程度上控制炭化路径，使炭化向生成取向性差、难石墨化、各向同性、呒定形炭多的炭化物的方向进行；并讨论了它们控制炭化的作用机理。以此为指导，     

杂多酸在活性炭上的固载化—1.几种国产活性炭的表面性质

本文研究了作为杂多酸载体的几种国产活性炭的表面性质，实验证明，活性炭表面的化学特性是由表面含氧基团的化学结构以及这些基团的数目决定的。为了得到适当表面化学特性的活性炭。对它们进行了不同的化学改性处理，并使用ＸＰＳ，ＩＲ，ＳＥＭ，Ｂｏｅｈｍ酸－碱滴定以及ＰＨ滴定等手段研究了活性炭的表面性质     

甲烷在活性炭上裂解制氢研究

在连续流动石英固定床反应器上研究了甲烷在活性炭上裂解制氢的反应，并对反应前后活性炭的比表面积以及孔径分布等的变化进行了测定。结果表明，甲烷在五种活性炭上的裂解行为基本相同，反应初期转化率最高，随着反应进行转化率逐渐降低直至一个平稳的状态；降低甲烷分压和增加甲烷与活性炭的接触时间可提高甲烷转化率；温度的升高有利于初始转化率的提高，但不利于活性炭的稳定性；反应后活性炭比表面积、孔容及微孔孔容都明显降低，平均孔径增大，孔径分布向中孔方向迁移，说明甲烷的裂解导致了活性炭孔特别是微孔内的炭沉积以及进一步的孔堵塞。     

甘氨酸母液脱色活性炭的微波法再生研究

脱色甘氨酸母液的废活性炭,是一类吸附有有机胺类聚合物且难以再生的危险固体废弃物。本文探索性地开展了微波法再生脱色甘氨酸母液废活性炭的研究,考察了活性炭在微波炉中的放置方式、含水率以及微波反应条件等对活性炭再生率和炭损率的影响,分别采用红外光谱法、BET法对活性炭进行了分析表征。实验结果表明,在功率640 W、反应时间8 min的条件下,废活性炭的再生率达99%、综合再生率达59.0%,对再生活性碳进行红外光谱分析表明,在微波功率大于480 W后,微波辐射能有效去除废活性炭中的有机物;在微波功率800W条件下,再生活性炭的BET比表面积由废活性炭的128.15 m2/g提高到1398.5437 m2/g,已达到新鲜活性炭的性能。     

活性炭（焦）低温吸附催化脱除H2S的基础研究

以活性炭、活性焦作为脱硫剂,并应用BET、XPS等测试手段对其进行分析表征。结果表明,活性炭（焦）的脱硫能力与其表面酸碱性有着密切的关系,增加表面上起碱性作用的π-π^﹡键,羰基官能团（C-O和醚基官能团（C-O）的浓度,可增加其表面催化作用,特别是C-O官能团;反应温度对活性炭（焦）的脱硫性能有很大的影响,脱硫剂在150℃～180℃活性高,硫容大,副反应少;水蒸气对活性炭（焦）脱除H₂S有促进作用。     

A study of metals supported on active carbon with a temperature programmed reduction (TPR) technique

The influence of active carbon as support on the reducibility of supported metals (Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn) has been studied by means of a temperature programmed reduction (TPR) technique. The TPR profiles indicate that active carbon behaves as a dispersion agent and the supported metal is dispersed in a disordered phase rather than as a stoichiometric compound. The hydrogen consumed in the reduction indicates that the metal residues are present in monovalent and divalent forms. High-temperature reduction peaks were also observed and are explained on the basis of metal-surface interactions and the porosity of the active carbon. Nitrogen adsorption reveals that the active carbon porosity decreases due to progressive closure of the pores when metals are supported on the surface of active carbon.     

Potassium-decorated active carbon supported Co-Mo-based catalyst for water-gas shift reaction

The effect of potassium-decoration was studied on the activity of water-gas shift (WGS) reaction over the Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on active carbon (AC), which was prepared by incipient wetness co-impregnation method. The decoration of potassium on active carbon in advance enhances the activities of the CoMo-K/AC catalysts for WGS reaction. Highest activity (about 92% conversion) was obtained at 250 ? C for the catalyst with an optimum K 2 O/AC weight ratio in the range from 0.12 to 0.15. The catalysts were characterized by TPR and EPR, and the results show that activated carbon decorated with potassium makes Co-Mo species highly dispersed, and thus easily reduced and sulfurized. XRD results show that an appropriate content of potassium-decoration on active carbon supports may favors the formation of highly dispersed Co 9 S 8 -type structures which are situated on the edge or a site in contact with MoS 2 , K-Mo-O-S, Mo-S-K phase. Those active species are responsible for the high activity of CoMo-K/AC catalysts.     

Adsorption of lead(II) and copper(II) on activated carbon by complexation with surface functional groups

The adsorption of lead(II) and copper(II) on an activated carbon (Filtrasorb 300, Chemviron) was characterized assuming that it takes place by formation of complexes with functional groups, present in the activated carbon. Their concentration and conditional adsorption coefficients were determined for each metal by titration of the carbon in suspension in aqueous phase, at constant acidity, with the metal itself. For each titration point, the concentration of the metal in the solution phase after equilibration was determined, and the data were processed by the Ruzic linearization method, to obtain the concentration of the active sites involved in the sorption, and the conditional constant. The effect of the pH was also examined, in the range 4-6, obtaining that the adsorption increases at increasing pH. The protonation and adsorption constants were determined from the conditional adsorption coefficients obtained at the different acidities. The concentration of the active sites is 0.023 and 0.042 mmol g⁻¹, and the protonation constants are 1.0×10⁶ and 4.6×10⁴ M⁻¹ for Pb(II) and Cu(II). The corresponding adsorption constants are respectively 1.4×10⁵ and 6.3×10³ M⁻¹. All the parameters are affected by a large uncertainty, probably due to the heterogeneity of the active groups in the activated carbon. Even if so, these parameters make it possible a good prediction of the adsorption in a wide range of conditions. Other sorption mechanism can be set up at different conditions, in particular at different pH, as it has been demonstrated in the case of copper(II).     

多微孔活性炭的制备及对二甲苯的吸附研究

研究了以木质活性炭颗粒为原料, 通过KOH再活化的方法制备多微孔活性炭的方法。考察了活性炭和KOH的最佳质量比例, 并通过低温氮吸附、SEM、XRD等手段表征了样品的比表面、孔结构、孔分布、颗粒形貌和晶体结构;通过对含间二甲苯50 mg·L^-1的气流的吸附实验表征了所制备活性炭的二甲苯去除能力, 实验结果表明, 经过KOH再活化显著调高了样品的间二甲苯吸附容量, 这很可能和样品中发达的微孔结构有关。     

活性炭中甲烷水合物的分解动力学

在封闭体系内,在初始分解压力0.1 MPa,温度范围276～265 K之间,测定了 五组甲烷水合物在活性炭中的解动力学数据。分析了甲烷水合物在活性炭中分解的 物理过程,提出了以微分方程表达的宏观分解动力学模型。使用单步积分的吉尔（ Gear)方法解得微分方程的数值解,结合单纯形最优化方法拟合模型参数,模型计 算值与实验值符合良好。     

多微孔活性炭的制备及对二甲苯的吸附研究

研究了以木质活性炭颗粒为原料,通过KOH再活化的方法制备多微孔活性炭的方法。考察了活性炭和KOH的最佳质量比例,并通过低温氮吸附、SEM、XRD等手段表征了样品的比表面、孔结构、孔分布、颗粒形貌和晶体结构;通过对含间二甲苯50mg.L-1的气流的吸附实验表征了所制备活性炭的二甲苯去除能力,实验结果表明,经过KOH再活化显著调高了样品的间二甲苯吸附容量,这很可能和样品中发达的微孔结构有关。     

Photocatalytic Characterization of TiO_2 Supported on Active Carbon

Photocatalysis on TiO2, with a promising application to the elimination of organic contaminants from air and water, has been a particularly active area1. For such application, it is important to improve the efficiency of TiO_2 photocatalysts. In the most cases, the concentration of organic contaminants in water is extremely dilute (ppm level or below) and TiO_2 itself has low adsorbabilities for them, it usually takes a long time to complete their decomposition. One of the effective ways to …     

活性炭吸附法处理苯乙酸工艺废水中甲苯的模拟研究

Active carbon has been widely used to treat wastewater.In this paper active carb on adsorbent is used to treat methylbenzene resulting from the production of phenylacetic acid.Our experiment indicates that acidity has no effect on adsorb ability.At temperature 22℃ and flow rate 1Bv/h,adsorption efficiency of methyl benzen is 94.2% and erasing rate of CODCr reaches 94.9%.Alkaline-alcohol solution is employed as an eluent to regenerate active carbon.After regeneratio n,adsorption efficiency of methylbenzene is 86.4% and the erasing rate of COD Cr is 87.3%.