吲哚-9,10-二甲氧基蒽体系分子内能量转移反应的研究

本文分别用亚甲基和甾体雌二醇刚性链将吲哚与9,10-二甲氧基蒽连接起来,合成了两个分子内能量转移体系,研究了分子內吲哚的激发能向9,10-二甲氧基蒽的传递过程与距离及溶剂环境的关系;发现在两个体系中激发吲哚都可以发生从吲哚到9,10-二甲氧基蒽的单重态-单重态能量转移,在远距离的条件下,能量转移按偶极子-偶极子共振机制进行,由实验结果,根据Forster公式计算得到的给体与受体之间的距离与用分子模型测量得到的距离是一样的,并研究了溶剂极性对能量转移过程的影响。     

A study of the AMO method as applied to the lithium metal. I. Review,results, and discussion

The total electronic energy per atom in the lithium metal has been calculated for three different Fermi surfaces as a function of the internuclear distance. In each case the optimized AMO energy as well as the total energy corresponding to doubly filled molecular orbitals (MO ) has been calculated. For densities around the equilibrium density the spherical Fermi surface yields the lowest energy whereas a cubic Fermi surface is preferred for low densities. For densities around the equilibrium there is no band splitting: the AMO energy coincides with the MO energy. The computations have been carried out within an LCAO approximation with overlap and multicenter-integrals calculated accurately.     

On the size dependence of the surface energy of metal nanoclusters

The many-particle tight-binding potential has been employed to calculate the specific surface energy of icosahedral nanoclusters of transition metals. The equimolecular surface has been considered as the dividing surface. The surface energy has been shown to linearly increase with particle size at nanocluster radii smaller than five radii of the first coordination sphere. As the nanocluster radius is further enlarged, the surface energy passes through a maximum and approaches an asymptotic macroscopic value. The coefficients of proportionality between the specific surface energy and nanocluster radius have been found and compared with the data available from the literature.     

银团簇结构与特性的分子动力学研究

用分子动力学方法模拟了银团簇的结构与力能学.计算模拟中使用了一种基于第一性原理的原子间互作用多体势函数.通过分子动力学模拟确定了银微团簇(原子个数3～13)的稳态结构;模拟了原子个数为13～141的银FCC晶体结构理想球形团簇的力能学,发现球形银团簇形成三雏紧密结构;计算了平均结合能,给出了结合能随团簇原子数N的变化图,发现随N增大团簇结合能逐渐接近块材的数值.     

Curing kinetics of amine and sodium hydroxide catalyzed phenol-formaldehyde resins

The effect of both formaldehyde content and catalyst type used in the synthesis of several resole type phenolic resins has been studied by using differential scanning calorimetry. In this study Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Friedman model-free kinetics are applied in order to correlate the dynamic cure behaviour with the mentioned synthesis variables. Strong upward dependency of activation energy on conversion has been detected in all cases up to a maximum value. Lower the formaldehyde content fewer changes in activation energy have been detected, revealing a more homogeneous polymerization. As formaldehyde content increases, stronger variations of energy values have been observed and the maximum value is shifted to lower conversions. By comparing triethylamine and sodium hydroxide catalysts similar behaviour has been observed, with higher energy values and shifting of the maximum in the latter. Friedman approach has been resulted in more convenient and accurate for the energy values determination and KAS method seems useful for the dynamic cure prediction of that type of thermoset.     

Crossed beams and theoretical studies of the dynamics of hyperthermal collisions between Ar and ethane

Crossed molecular beams experiments and classical trajectory calculations have been used to study the dynamics of Ar+ethane collisions at hyperthermal collision energies. Experimental time-of-flight and angular distributions of ethane molecules that scatter into the backward hemisphere (with respect to their original direction in the center-of-mass frame) have been collected. Translational energy distributions, derived from the time-of-flight distributions, reveal that a substantial fraction of the collisions transfer abnormally large amounts of energy to internal excitation of ethane. The flux of the scattered ethane molecules increased only slightly from directly backward scattering to sideways scattering. Theoretical calculations show angular and translational energy distributions which are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. These calculations have been used to examine the microscopic mechanism for large energy transfer collisions ("supercollisions"). Collinear ("head-on") or perpendicular ("side-on") approaches of Ar to the C-C axis of ethane do not promote energy transfer as much as bent approaches, and collisions in which the H atom is "sandwiched" in a bent Ar...H-C configuration lead to the largest energy transfer. The sensitivity of collisional energy transfer to the intramolecular potential energy of ethane has also been examined.     

贵金属Au冷却过程中结构及能量变化的分子动力学计算机模拟

通过分子动力学方法,研究了不同冷速下贵金属Au在温度2000～300K的冷却过程中微观结构的变化特点。结果发现,冷却速度对Au的微观结构产生重要影响。采用偶关联函数和键对分析技术对原子局域团簇结构进行分析,并考察了冷却过程中原子势能随温度的变化,比较了Au的微观结构转变与能量变化的对应关系,从能量转化的角度对冷却过程中Au的结构变化进行了说明。     

Thermodynamics of mixing of polymers

A method of calculating free energy of mixing of two polymers has been proposed. From a study of the sorption of organic solvents vapour by different polymers and their mixtures, Gibbs free energy of mixing for polymer-solvent systems are calculated. The free energy of mixing of two polymers has been calculated by the method proposed. Heats of mixing of polymers have been measured with a Calvet type microcalorimeter. Entropy of mixing has been calculated. Stabilities of polymer-polymer systems have been discussed.     

Collision-induced dissociation of the lower alcohols. A thermochemical study

Collision-induced dissociation of the molecular ions and of some of the fragment ions foremed on ionization of methanol, ethanol and n-propnol have been studied at high energy resolution in a mass spectrometer. The translational energy lost upon collision and the kinetic energy releasedupon fragmentation of the collisionally excited species have been measured by the methods of ion kinetic energy spectromety. The results of the translational energy loss measurements compare well with excitation energies predicted for each reaction form breakdown curves showing the relative abundances of the ionsas a fuction of internal energy. This correspondence is evidebce that the ionic reactions following electron-impact excitation and those following collisional excitation with neutral molecules at relative traslational energies in the range of several kilovolts are at least qualitatively independent of the method of excitation. The occurrence of the corresponding spontaneous fragmentations in the alcohols has also been studied and the kinetic energy releases accompanying these reactions have been determined. In a few cases, metastable peaks were observed which did not increase in intensity when collision gas added and this phenomenon is associated with particular features of the reaction thermochemistry. Reactions which generally occur to very small extents in mass spectromety, such as methylene elimination, have been observed in highly excited ions. The methods developed in this study allow the decription of the thermochemistry of the reaction of highly excited ions, indlcuding the experimental determination of the partitioning of the nonfixed energy of the activated complex. This procedure complemets and extends energy partitioning studies made on metastable ions in which the partitioning of the reverse activation energy is the more readily accessible.     

Overview on conducting polymer in energy storage and energy conversion system

Polymer-based electrochemical devices such as supercapacitor, battery, and fuel cell have been developed and advanced for energy related application. In this regard, conducting polymers own several tunable characteristics for energy conversion and energy storage relevance. Consequently, efficient, reliable, low cost, conducting, stable, and environment friendly energy systems have been developed using conducting polymers. To enhance the efficiency and commercialization of energy systems, design, structure, composition, and fabrication technique used for conducting polymers and related composite have been focused. Challenges and future trend associated with current state of the art conducting polymer materials in supercapacitor, battery, and fuel cell are highlighted.     

耐蚀合金Au3 Cu高温冷却过程中能量及结构转变的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟方法对液态Au3Cu冷却过程进行了研究,考察了不同冷却速度下Au3Cu结构变化特点,原子间相互作用势采用F-S多体势,结构分析采用键取向序和对分析技术.计算结果表明,冷却速度对液态Au3Cu能量及结构转变有重要影响,给出了不同冷却速度下液态Au3Cu结构转变的微观信息.     

A novel quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach to the free energy calculation for isomerization of glycine in aqueous solution

The free energy change associated with the isomerization reaction of glycine in water solution has been studied by a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) approach combined with the theory of energy representation (QM/MM-ER) recently developed. The solvation free energies for both neutral and zwitterionic form of glycine have been determined by means of the QM/MM-ER simulation. The contributions of the electronic polarization and the fluctuation of the QM solute to the solvation free energy have been investigated. It has been found that the contribution of the density fluctuation of the zwitterionic solute is estimated as -4.2 kcal/mol in the total solvation free energy of -46.1 kcal/mol, while that of the neutral form is computed as -3.0 kcal/mol in the solvation free energy of -15.6 kcal/mol. The resultant free energy change associated with the isomerization of glycine in water has been obtained as -7.8 kcal/mol, in excellent agreement with the experimental data of -7.3 or -7.7 kcal/mol, implying the accuracy of the QM/MM-ER approach. The results have also been compared with those computed by other methodologies such as the polarizable continuum model and the classical molecular simulation. The efficiency and advantage of the QM/MM-ER method has been discussed.     

Rules on intrapair and interpair correlation energy for Cl, Cl~(-) and MCI (M=H, Li, Na, K)

According to the calculation results of the intrapair and interpair correlation energy for the title systems, it has been found that the intrapair correlation energy of K shell of Cl is almost a constant and both the intrashell and intershell correlation energy of K and L shell changes little. It has also been found that in MCI series compounds the value of Cl correlation energy contribution depends on the ionicity of MCI compounds, i.e., the Cl correlation energy contribution increases with the increase of the ionic bond strength of the compound and this value is always less than the correlation energy of Cl" anion but always larger than that of Cl atom. These rules are helpful for the estimation of the correlation energy of ionic compounds and the energy changes of chemical reactions.     

Scattering of neon atom by nitrogen molecule at thermal and subthermal energies

Collision of Ne atom with N₂ molecule in the thermal and subthermal energy regions (0.01–260 meV) has been thoroughly investigated. Centrifugally decoupled exponential distorted wave (CDEDW) method and the BSTT interaction potential have been used to calculate elastic as well as inelastic (rotational) scattering cross sections. The resonances in the very low energy region,R —Tenergy transfer mechanisms and nature of the rotational excitation cross sections near the threshold have been examined very critically. In general CDEDW method has been found to work quite well in this energy region.     

Proton transfer in nanoconfined polar solvents. 1. Free energies and solute position

The reaction free energy curves for a model phenol-amine proton-transfer system in a confined CH3Cl solvent have been calculated by Monte Carlo simulations. The free energy curves, as a function of a collective solvent coordinate, have been obtained for several fixed reaction complex radial positions (based on the center-of-mass). A smooth, hydrophobic spherical cavity was used to confine the solvent, and radii of 10 and 15 A have been considered. Quantum effects associated with the transferring proton have been included by adding the proton zero-point energy to the classical free energy. The results indicate the reaction complex position can be an important component of the reaction coordinate for proton-transfer reactions in nanoconfined solvents.     

Method for determining location and orientation of macromolecules in membrane-water systems

A method for calculating the free energy of molecules in membrane-water systems has been proposed. The free energy is represented in the form of a sum of three terms, which take into account the free energy of hydration of the molecule, the free energy of solvation of the molecule in the liquid-crystalline phase of the membrane, and the conformational energy. The ionophore valinomycin has been used to verify and determine the parametrization of the method. The method has been tested on the ionophore X 537 A.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 479–484, July–August, 1988.     

Dissociation dynamics of propargyl chloride molecular ion near the reaction threshold: manifestation of quantum mechanical tunneling

The Cl loss from the propargyl chloride molecular ion has been investigated using mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry (MIKES). The kinetic energy release distribution in the unimolecular dissociation has been determined. The potential energy surface for the mechanistic pathway has been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G** density functional theory level. The calculated potential energy surface suggested that the threshold dissociation of the propargyl chloride molecular ion produces the C(3)H(3)(+) ion, only with the cyclopropenium structure, and with the release of a large amount of kinetic energy. This is in agreement with experimental results. Also, calculation of the rate constants with statistical rate models predicted that the reaction observed on a microsecond time scale occurs via tunneling through the rate-determining isomerization barrier for H-atom transfer. It has been found that a broad lifetime distribution is a manifestation of quantum mechanical tunneling of a precursor prepared under thermal conditions. Reinterpretation of previous photoelectron-photoion coincidence results taking into account the tunneling effect necessitated raising the critical energy to 0.64 eV from the energy of 0.34 eV reported previously. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高能量激发的发光材料

从不同材料在高能量密度激发下在激发、传递和发光等不同阶段中的效率变化,了解各种材料在高密度激发时的能量损失的主要环节,分清基质和发光中心的选择原则。为投影电视荧光粉和细管灯粉寻找具有较高效率的发光材料,在X线影像板的光激励材料的研制和γ线影像板的可行性分析方面也得到了一些结果。     

Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster study on exciton states of polyethylene with periodic boundary condition

Equation-of-motion coupled cluster with singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) method has been applied to exciton states of polyethylene using ab initio crystal Hartree-Fock method with one-dimensional periodic boundary condition. Full transformation of two-electron integrals from atomic-orbital basis to crystal-orbital basis has been performed for EOM-CCSD calculations. In order to make transformed integrals to have correct properties of translational symmetry, a lattice summation scheme has been proposed. The EOM-CCSD excitation energies have been obtained for the lowest singlet and triplet exciton states of polyethylene. The excitation energies converge with system size much faster than oligomer calculations using n-alkanes. Quasiparticle energy-level calculations by second-order many-body perturbation theory and by solving the inverse Dyson equation have also been performed to obtain exciton binding energies. Basis set dependencies on excitation energy, quasiparticle band gap, and exciton binding energy have been investigated. At the 6-31+G level, the excitation energy of the lowest singlet-exciton state and its binding energy are calculated to be 8.1 and 3.2 eV, respectively. The calculated excitation energy is well comparable with the corresponding experimental value, 7.6 eV.