Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.15La0.05Oδ整体催化剂甲苯催化燃烧性能的研究

采用一次浸渍法分别制备了 Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.15La0.05Oδ及Pd/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2整体式蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,考察了不同温度焙烧的两类整体催化剂甲苯催化燃烧性能.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、比表面积、拉曼光谱(Raman)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、PdO分散度等表征结果与催化活性进行关联.结果表明,随着焙烧温度升高,催化剂比表面积下降,Raman图谱CeO2及PdO峰强度增加,H2-TPR中Ce4+还原峰向高温方向移动,同时PdO分散度下降,相应甲苯催化氧化活性下降.与CeO0.8Zr0.2O2涂层催化剂相比,La3+掺杂催化剂在高温焙烧时,其比表面积下降较小,Raman光谱表明其氧缺位比铈锆涂层催化剂多,H2TPR谱图中Ce4+还原峰低约60～80℃,PdO分散度亦比末掺杂催化剂高.1000℃焙烧下的甲苯氧化反应活性远高于未掺杂催化剂,说明镧的掺杂提高了铈锆涂层催化剂的高温反应活性及热稳定性.     

Pt/CexZr1-xO2催化剂上丙烷完全氧化性能研究

采用沉淀法制备了ZrO2,CeO2和Ce0.7Zr0.3O2载体,并用浸渍法制备负载型Pt催化剂。考察了500和900℃焙烧催化剂的丙烷完全氧化性能和水汽对丙烷氧化反应的影响。对于500℃焙烧的催化剂,催化剂的丙烷氧化活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-500>Pt/CeO2-500>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500;而经900℃焙烧的催化剂活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-900>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900>Pt/CeO2-900。反应气氛中水汽的存在对两种Pt/ZrO2催化剂的活性均有抑制作用(T50温度均提高了10~15℃);而对于Pt/CeO2-500催化剂有抑制作用(T50温度提高10℃),但对Pt/CeO2-900催化剂活性有促进作用(T50温度下降25℃);对于两种Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂活性具有促进作用(T50温度均下降5~25℃)。表征结果表明催化剂的活性与其表面Pt物种价态密切相关,催化剂表面上Pt0物种有利于活性的提高。Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂中只含有氧化态Pt物种(Pt^2+),而Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900催化剂中则含有部分金属态Pt物种,因此其活性高于Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂。     

焙烧温度对柴油车氧化催化剂Pt-Pd-（x）ZrO2/Ce0.3Zr0.7O2-Al2O3性能的影响

制备了氧化铝、铈锆固溶体复合氧化物负载铂、钯的双金属催化剂Pt-Pd/ Ce0.3Zr0.7O2-Al2O3,并添加3% ZrO2助剂改性,用于柴油车尾气中CO、HC和NO的催化氧化,其中贵金属负载量仅为0.68 wt%。考察了制备过程中焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响。催化剂活性评价结果表明,与未添加ZrO2的催化剂比较。添加ZrO2明显提高了催化剂的低温氧化活性,而且焙烧温度对催化剂的氧化性能有较大影响。焙烧温度为800 ?C时,CO和C3H6的起燃温度最低,分别为168、189 ?C,焙烧温度为700 ?C时,NO转化为NO2的转化率最高,最大转化率为36%,具有较好的热稳定性。通过XRD、N2吸附-脱附、CO化学吸附、XPS、H2-TPR等表征手段考察了催化剂物理化学性质随焙烧温度的变化情况,并分析了与催化剂活性之间的关系,得到贵金属分散度、表面化学吸附氧含量、催化剂的还原性质对氧化性能有重要影响,发挥协同作用。进而可以通过优化焙烧温度提升柴油车氧化催化剂性能,对提高工业应用柴油车尾气后处理系统的净化效率有重要意义。     

水汽-CO_2环境下Pt/CeZrO_2催化剂的CO氧化性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O_2粉末催化剂,涂覆到蜂窝陶瓷载体表面得到整体式催化剂。考察了Pt含量及焙烧温度对催化剂在水汽-CO_2环境下催化CO氧化性能的影响,并用XRD,TEM和H2-TPR等手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在空速50000 h-1的反应条件下,当焙烧温度为300℃时,3.0Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O_2整体式催化剂的CO氧化活性最高,反应温度200℃时,CO转化率为87%,具有较高的水汽-CO_2环境下的CO氧化活性。通过对2.0Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O_2催化剂在无水汽,无CO_2,无水汽-CO_2及水汽-CO_2环境下的对比实验,发现水汽和CO_2对催化剂的活性有明显的抑制作用,水汽的影响比CO_2的影响要更大一些。这说明水汽、CO_2和CO对催化剂存在竞争吸附。结合催化剂的H2-TPR表征结果,发现催化剂的还原能力越高,相对应的CO氧化活性也越高。添加适量的Pt有利于提高催化剂的还原能力,从而提高其活性,但是过量的Pt会使催化剂活性下降。     

掺杂Zr4+对纳米Au/TiO2催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用氨水反滴加沉淀法合成了Zr4+掺杂的系列TiO2载体,以尿素溶液为沉淀剂,用沉积-沉淀法制备负载金催化剂。运用N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)、高分辨电镜(HR-TEM)和氨吸附红外光谱(NH3-IR)等技术对催化剂的结构与形貌进行了表征,并在色谱-微反应装置上考察了催化剂对CO氧化反应的活性。结果表明:(1)少量的Zr4+掺杂可形成锐钛矿型固溶体,且载体的比表面积增大;随着Zr4+掺杂量增加至10%以上,载体逐渐向无定形转变,同时比表面积急剧增大。(2)保持规整锐钛矿晶相的Zr4+掺杂载体,其表面Lewis酸位占有率较高,且具备结构缺陷,而无定形载体表面的Lewis酸位占有率大幅度降低。(3)载体表面的Lewis酸位以及结构缺陷有利于增强载体对Au颗粒的锚定作用,从而减弱焙烧过程中的颗粒聚集。(4)少量Zr4+掺杂入TiO2载体中,可以提高Au颗粒的抗烧结能力,焙烧所得的Au颗粒尺寸较小(3.63 nm),且表现出优异的催化活性,在常温下就可以将CO完全氧化。     

Y2O3掺杂ZrO2对苯选择加氢制环己烯催化剂Ru-La-B/ZrO2性能的影响

用水热合成法制备了纳米Zr O2和Y2O3掺杂的Zr O2(Zr O2-Y),并考察了它们作载体对苯选择加氢制环己烯催化剂Ru-La-B/Zr O2性能的影响。结果表明,2种Zr O2具有相同微晶尺寸、织构性质和粒度分布。但Zr O2仅含有单斜相Zr O2,而Zr O2-Y不但含有单斜相Zr O2,还含有一部分四方相Zr O2。Y2O3掺杂影响Zr O2的组成和物相,进而影响用其制备催化剂的组成和物相。掺杂的Y2O3可以占据一部分不适宜苯加氢生成环己烯的活性位。因此,Zr O2-Y负载Ru-La-B催化剂活性明显低于Zr O2负载的,在低苯转化率下环己烯选择性前者比后者高。由于四方相Zr O2表面羟基比单斜相少,Zr O2-Y负载Ru-La-B催化剂的亲水性比Zr O2负载的差。环己烯不易从Zr O2-Y负载的催化剂表面脱附。当苯转化率高于52%时,Zr O2-Y负载的催化剂的环己烯选择性低于单斜相Zr O2负载的。Zr O2负载的Ru-La-B催化剂上20 min的环己烯收率达到了52.1%,而Zr O2-Y负载的环己烯收率仅45.2%。纳米单斜相Zr O2较适宜作苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru催化剂的载体。     

焙烧温度对 MnO2-CeO2/Zr0.25Ti0. 25Al0. 5O1.75 整体式催化剂 NH3 低温选择性催化还原 NO 性能的影响

 采用等体积浸渍法在不同温度下焙烧制备了一系列 MnO2-CeO2/Zr0.25Ti0.25Al0.5O1.75 整体式催化剂样品, 并用低温 N2 吸附-脱附、储氧量、X 射线衍射、X 射线光电子能谱和 NH3 程序升温脱附等对催化剂进行了表征, 考察了催化剂上 NH3 选择性催化还原 (SCR) NO 的活性. 结果表明, 随着焙烧温度的升高, 催化剂的比表面积和孔体积逐渐减小, 平均孔径逐渐增大, 储氧能力逐渐降低. 在 500~700 oC 焙烧时, 催化剂主要以无定形或微晶的形式存在; 在 500 oC 焙烧时, 催化剂表面 Mn 与载体之间的相互作用较强, 表面酸量最高, 有利于提高 SCR 活性. 尽管在 600 和 700 oC 焙烧的催化剂仍具有较高的 SCR 活性, 且表现出一定的抗 H2O 和 SO2 性能, 但活性有所下降. 800 oC 焙烧后催化剂的活性显著降低.     

固体酸催化合成马来酸二丁醋

制备了固体酸催化剂Zr(SO4) 2/SiO2,并用于合成马来酸二丁醋,考察了Zr(SO4)2负载量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等催化剂制备条件对催化活性的影响.采用FTIR、XRD、TG等方法对催化剂进行了表征分析.通过正交实验设计优化了固体酸Zr ( SO4)2/SiO2催化合成马来酸二丁醋的工艺条件.实验结果表明,Zr(...     

Pd/WO3-ZrO2催化剂的结构对乙烯直接氧化制乙酸的影响

利用浸渍法制备了一系列具有不同W/Zr比和不同WO3-ZrO2焙烧温度的1%pd/WO3-ZrO2催化剂.通过X射线衍射、N2吸附、氨程序升温吸附、吡啶吸附红外光谱和程序升温还原方法表征了催化剂的晶体结构、表面状态以及酸性.结果表明,制备条件对W和Pd的表面状态具有很人的影响.随着W/Zr比的增加和焙烧温度的提高,催化剂表而的WOx经历了从聚钨酸物种到聚钨酸/WO3晶体共存再到WO3品体颗粒的转化.W/Zr比为0.2且焙烧湍度为1073K的催化剂具有最多的聚钨酸物种,而该催化剂具有最好的活性.因此,聚钨酸物种的最决定了催化剂的活性.Pd的分散状态只依赖于WO3-ZrO2的焙烧温度.Pd物种分散性好,则乙酸选择性高,而分散性差的人颗粒Pd会导致乙烯的燃烧反应.     

CuO/Ti0.5Zr0.5 O2催化剂上NO+CO反应活性的研究

以Ti0.5Zr0.5O2复合氧化物为载体，采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的CuO／Ti0.5Zr0.5O2(TZ)催化剂，考察了催化剂对NO的反应活性，并用TPR、TG-DTA和NO-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，CuO的负载量和焙烧温度对催化剂的活性均有影响。30％CuO／Ti0.5Zr0.5O2(500℃，2h)在反应温度为400℃时NO转化率为100％。TPR结果表明，CuO负载量≤12％时，在TPR上出现了2个还原峰(即α和β峰)；而进一步提高CuO的负载量，出现了γ还原峰，推测α峰为高度分散Cu物种的还原，β峰为孤立的Cu物种的还原，γ峰则为晶相CuO的还原峰。TG-DTA图谱显示在725℃左右的放热峰是ZrTiO4晶化过程的完成。NO-TPD结果表明NO吸附在TZ上的热脱附过程中，出现2个脱附峰；而NO吸附在12％CuO／TZ上，500℃和750℃焙烧的催化剂上出现3个脱附峰；而在850℃和950℃焙烧的催化剂上只出现2个脱附峰，且NO在上述不同焙烧温度的催化剂上的脱附峰温均低于载体，这表明NO吸附在CuO／TZ催化剂上比吸附在Ti0.5Zr0.5O2上更容易脱出和分解。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ti1−2xNbxNixO2−x/2 solid solutions

Doped-rutile has been traditionally used in ceramic pigments for its intense optical properties. In this paper, we compare the classical ceramic synthesis of Ti_1−2xNb_xNi_xO_2−x/2 system with the sol-gel methodology, which allows a reduction of the anatase-rutile transformation temperature. The composition was optimised in order to obtain a unique rutile phase with the minimum amount of pollutant Ni(II) and enhanced chromatic coordinates. Incorporation of the doping ions in the rutile structure was corroborated by XRD and Rietveld refinements. The species responsible for the colour mechanism were studied by different techniques. UV-VIS spectroscopy showed the characteristic features of Ni²⁺ ions, whose existence was corroborated by EPR and magnetic measurements. From these results, (Ni,Nb)doped-TiO₂ powder samples can be now shaped as thin films, monoliths, etc. by using sol-gel methodology without modifying their properties. This study introduces new possibilities of coloured TiO₂-based solid solutions in new combined advanced applications (colouring agent and photocatalyst, etc.).     

Carbon black and propylene oxidation over Ru/CoxMgyAl2Oz catalysts

The effects of Co_xMg_yAl₂O_z mixed oxides composition and ruthenium addition on the oxidation of propylene and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Different reactive cobalt and ruthenium oxide species were formed following calcination at 600 °C. The addition of ruthenium was beneficial for the CB oxidation under “loose contact” conditions and for propylene oxidation when the cobalt content was intermediate to low. The calculated activation energy for CB oxidation was decreased from 151 kJ mol⁻¹ for the uncatalyzed reaction to 111 kJ mol⁻¹ over the best catalyst.