顶空毛细管柱气质联用法测定饮用水中15种挥发性有机物

采用顶空毛细管柱GC–MS法测定饮用水中卤代烃、苯系物、氯苯等15种挥发性有机物。色谱柱为DB–624石英毛细管柱(60 m×0.25 mm,1.8μm),程序升温,直接进样顶空毛细管柱气质联用法同时测定饮用水中15种挥发性有机物。该方法具有良好的线性,线性相关系数均大于0.996。方法的检出限为0.10~0.22μg/L。15种挥发性有机物的平均回收率在94%~103%之间,测定结果的相对标准差为2.9%~6.7%(n=7)。该方法简便、快速,检测结果均能满足GB 5749–2006检测要求。     

热脱附-吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱联用在大气挥发性有机物分析中的应用探索

采用热脱附结合吹扫捕集(P&T)技术对大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行富集,并用气相色谱质谱(GC/MS)进行分析检测,建立了一种大气中多组分VOCs分析方法。将热脱附-吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱联用技术应用于大气挥发性有机物分析中,使样品经过吸附管及捕集阱双重富集后再进入GC/MS检测,VOCs分析结果部分目标物检出限可达到0.1 ng/L,实际平行样品检测结果相对偏差小于30%,且可同时对54种VOCs进行定性定量分析。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱/氢火焰离子化检测器对煤直接液化循环溶剂的定性与定量分析

建立了全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱/氢火焰离子化检测器(GC×GC-TOF MS/FID)对煤直接液化循环溶剂(CDLRS)定性定量的分析方法。采用TOF MS和FID两种检测器同时采集数据,并结合谱库检索、标准物质保留值对照、谱图解析、标准质谱图对照、全二维谱图特征以及提取化合物分子离子等定性方法,将TOF MS检测数据定性,然后将定性的烃类化合物以z值分类法分为18类;应用Chroma TOF数据处理软件将TOF MS数据的定性分类结果应用到FID的检测数据中,对TOF MS和FID采集的数据色谱峰面积归一化处理,实现CDLRS的半定量分析。GC×GC/FID定量结果显示:煤直接液化循环溶剂中饱和烃和芳烃分别占45.805%、53.938%,其中饱和烃主要为二环烷烃及三环烷烃,含量依次为14.644%、18.021%;芳烃主要为一环烷苯和二环烷苯,含量依次为19.759%、16.528%。该方法为CDLRS的定性定量提供了一种有效的分析方法。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱法分析汉江有机污染物

采用恒温水浴吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱(P&T-GC/MS)法分析汉江水中挥发性有机物,提高了挥发性有机物分析的灵敏度;选用低空白的纯净水,降低了分析的干扰。采用避光的方法以及将水样直接过柱,提高了半挥发性有机物的回收率。用改进了的方法分析汉江水共检出有机物36种。此方法同样适用于其它地表水中有机物的分析。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中10种半挥发性有机物

提出了吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中硝基苯、三氯苯、硝基氯苯、四氯苯、六氯苯等10种半挥发性有机物含量的方法。选择吹扫温度和吹扫时间分别为60℃和8min。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用全扫描监测模式,内标法定量。10种半挥发性有机物的线性范围均为0.5~20μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)在0.005 9~0.073μg·L-1之间。以地表水、生活污水和工业废水为基体做加标回收试验,测得10种半挥发性有机物的回收率在80.4%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.4%~16%之间。     

连续测量水中挥发性有机物的膜进样-单光子电离-质谱仪的研制及其应用

研制了膜进样-单光子电离-飞行时间质谱仪,并应用于水中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的连续在线快速测量.以50 μm硅橡胶膜为富集膜,用蠕动泵和电动切换阀,实现了水中VOCs的自动进样、富集和测量,无记忆效应.采用真空紫外灯发出的10.6 eV的光子,对待测有机物实现单光子电离,无碎片离子,便于根据分子量进行定性分析.苯、甲苯、二甲苯和氯苯等样品的响应时间均低于100 s; 苯的检出限可达3×10-9(V/V),且在10×10-9～1×10-6(V/V)范围内具有良好的线性.将仪器应用于某化工厂排污水的在线检测中,在200 s时间内可检测到20多种10×10-9(V/V)量级的有机物.结果表明: 膜进样-单光子电离-飞行时间质谱在水中VOCs在线检测方面具有广泛应用前景.     

基于SPME/GC×GC-QTOF MS法测定回收PET中的挥发性有机物

建立了顶空-固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合全二维气相色谱－串联四极杆飞行时间高分辨质谱（GC × GC－QTOF MS）测定回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（rPET）中挥发性有机物的方法。比较了不同固相微萃取纤维头、萃取温度、顶空平衡时间、调制周期和升温速率对测定效果的影响,用NIST谱库结合色谱保留指数对物质进行定性,并对高频检出物质进行半定量。结果表明,最佳检测条件为：80 μm DVB/C-WR/PDMS萃取纤维头、萃取温度110 ℃、平衡时间30 min、二维调制周期4 s、色谱升温速率8 ℃/min。9个回收PET样品中共检出209种挥发性有机物,包括苯系物、烷烃类、醇类、醛酮类、酯类、烯烃类、萘类、羧酸类和酚类等。高频物质的最高含量为2.13 mg/kg（十四烷）,未发现浓度极高的误用物质。该研究为回收PET中的挥发性有机物调查提供了科学和可靠的方法依据,并为回收PET的利用和安全评估提供了基础数据。     

在线质谱仪在车内VOCs现场快速监测中的应用

挥发性有机物(VOCs)影响车内空气质量和驾乘者的身心健康。自主研发的在线挥发性有机物质谱仪(SPI-MS 2000),实现了有机物分子的单光子电离,产生无碎片的分子离子,可实现秒级响应,仪器的质量分辨率优于800 FWHM,质量精度优于0.02 amu,对甲苯的测定限优于3μg/m^3,且在3~8000μg/m^3范围内有良好的线性关系。将该仪器应用于某客车车内空气的在线检测:在5 s内检测到20多种微克~毫克每立方米量级的有机物。该仪器在车内VOCs现场快速监测方面有广泛的应用前景。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法分析鉴定畜禽粪便中的挥发性有机化合物

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)-气相色谱/质谱法(GC/MS)测定了牛粪、猪粪以及鸡粪中的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。在优化HS-SPME条件的基础上,通过GC/MS分析,从牛粪中分离鉴定出44种VOCs,从猪粪中分离鉴定出40种VOCs,从鸡粪中分离鉴定出41种VOCs。HS-SPME-GC/MS具有简单、快速、无需有机溶剂等特点,适合于畜禽粪便中挥发性有机化合物的分析与鉴定。同时,该研究揭示了畜禽养殖场臭味物质的来源,为治理其环境污染提供了科学依据。     

顶空/气相色谱-质谱法分析方便面印刷包装材料中挥发性有机物

利用顶空/气相色谱-质谱(HS/GC-MS)联用法对袋装方便面印刷包装材料中7种挥发性有机物(异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、苯、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯)进行了检测分析.优化的实验参数为:平衡温度80℃,平衡时间40 min.本方法线性关系良好,7种挥发性有机物的相关系数均大于0.9991,检出限为0.004～0.0...     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOFMS)用于烟叶中挥发、半挥发性碱性化合物的组成研究

建立了烟叶中挥发性、半挥发性碱性化合物组成研究的全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOFMS)分析方法, 并用所建立的方法对香料烟中碱性化合物进行了表征. 对比了一维气相色谱和全二维色谱方法用于烟叶碱性组分组成分析的效果. 一维色谱质谱方法共鉴定出45种碱性化合物. 用所建立的全二维气相色谱方法, 采用TOFMS谱图库检索结合全二维特有的包含结构信息的二维谱图, 通过族分离和结构谱图鉴定, 鉴定出了香料烟中挥发性、半挥发性碱性组分共92种. 包括吡咯类化合物6种, 吡啶类化合物39种, 吡嗪类化合物10种, 苯胺类化合物11种, 喹啉类化合物11种, 吲哚类4种和其他类化合物11种. 同时对不同类别的化合物在二维气相色谱上的分布模式进行了研究. 研究结果表明, 全二维色谱飞行时间质谱的高分辨率和特有的定性手段适合于烟叶这类复杂植物体系的化学组成研究.     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱用于烟叶中酸性成分的分离与分析

建立了烟叶中酸性化合物(挥发性、 半挥发性羧酸类和酚类)组成研究的全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOFMS)分析方法, 并用此方法对香料烟中的酸性化合物进行了表征. 用同时蒸馏萃取样品的前处理方法, 采用TOFMS谱图库检索结合全二维特有的包含结构信息的二维谱图, 通过族分离和结构谱图, 鉴定出了香料烟中143种挥发性及半挥发性酸性组分, 包括10种酸酐和呋喃二酮, 43种有机酸和90种酚类化合物. 同时对不同类别的化合物在二维气相色谱上的分布模式进行了研究. 结果表明, 全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱的高分辨率非常适合于烟叶这类复杂体系的分离分析.     

气流吹扫-注射器微萃取-全二维气相色谱法用于原油组分的表征

建立了气流吹扫-注射器微萃取（GP-MSE）与全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱（GC×GC/TOFMS）联用分析原油成分的方法。为了找到适用于原油样品分析的GP-MSE条件,用饱和烃混合标准溶液和15种芳烃的混合标准溶液进行了条件优化,得到的最佳条件如下:取样量5 mg、萃取溶剂正己烷20 μ L、载气流速2 mL/min、加热时间3 min、加热温度300 ℃、冷凝温度-2 ℃。处理后的样品在全二维色谱/飞行时间质谱上进样分析,得到了满意结果。方法的检出限为34~93 μg/L,线性相关系数（R²）>0.99,对50种烃类化合物的回收率在82.0%~107.3%之间,相对标准偏差<10%（n=5）。结果表明GP-MSE-GC×GC/TOFMS法是一种新型绿色、高效、灵敏的分析方法,非常适合原油中挥发性与半挥发性组分的分析。     

Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with GC×GC-TOFMS for the analysis of volatile compounds of Coptis species rhizomes

In this study, the investigation of the volatile compounds of dried rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch, C. deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao, and C. teeta Wall was carried out to complete the chemical composition of these valuable natural products. Volatile profiles were established and compared after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using a polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB, 65 μm) fibre coupled to comprehensive 2D gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). Analyses were performed and compared on two column-phase combinations (non-polar/polar and polar/non-polar). The majority of the identified compounds eluted as well-separated (pure) components as a result of high-resolution capability of the GC×GC method, which significantly reduces co-elution. Therefore, this increases the likelihood that pure mass spectra can be obtained. More than 290 volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds were tentatively characterized by means of GC×GC in tandem with TOFMS detection. Improved result interpretations were obtained in terms of compound classification based on the organized structure of the peaks of structurally related compounds in the GC×GC contour plot. These compounds are distributed over the chemical groups of hydrocarbons, acids, alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, furans, and terpenoids. Among all the chemical groups, terpenoids present the higher number of identified compounds (44), alkenes (41), and aldehydes and ketones (28). This study completed the volatile phytochemical analysis of the headspace composition of various Coptis species rhizomes, and should serve as a means to identify the difference between the rhizomes and may also be useful to confirm individual species based on their volatile chemical profile.     

Perdeuterated n-alkanes for improved data processing in thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry I. Retention indices for identification

The identification of organic compounds by GC/MS is useful in various areas such as fuel, indoor and outdoor air and flavour and fragrance applications. Multi-compound mixtures often contain isomeric compounds which have similar mass spectra and sometimes cannot be unambiguously identified by library search alone. Retention indices can help with confirmation of identification if they are reproducible. Using perdeuterated n-alkanes as a reference series for calculation of retention indices in GC/MS has a clear benefit because of the distinctive ion trace of m/z 34. Thermal desorption is useful for analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air after sampling on appropriate sorbent cartridges. Comparison of indices between three systems, consisting of a thermal desorption unit, a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer, showed good agreement for compounds with well-defined peaks, whereas retention times varied.     

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of pepper volatiles

The headspace compositions of 13 pepper and peppercorn samples of different species, colloquially also referred to as pepper, were analyzed, and more than 300 compounds were tentatively characterized by means of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in tandem with flame ionization detection, quadrupole mass spectrometric detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (GC x GC-FID, GC x GC/qMS and GC x GC/TOFMS, respectively). The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was performed after solid-phase microextraction (SPME) using a 75-microm PDMS/DVB fibre. Fingerprint comparison between the three techniques permitted peaks to be assigned in the GC x GC-FID experiment based on the analogous MS analysis, taking into account retention shifts arising from method variations. When using GC x GC/TOFMS, about five times more peaks were identified than in GC x GC/qMS. Retention indices for all peaks were calculated in the bi-dimensional column set comprising of a 5% phenyl polysilphenylene-siloxane primary column and a polyethylene glycol second column. The spectra obtained by both mass detection techniques (qMS and TOFMS) give very similar results when spectral library searching was performed. The majority of the identified compounds eluted as pure components as a result of high-resolution GC x GC separations, which significantly reduces co-elution, and therefore increases the likelihood that pure spectra can be obtained. The differences between TOFMS and qMS (in fast scanning mode) spectra were generally small. Whilst spectral quality and relative ion ratios across a narrow peak (e.g. w(b) approximately 100-150 ms) do vary more for the fast peaks obtained in GC x GC/qMS operation, than with TOFMS, in general adequate spectral matching with the library can be achieved.     

吹扫/捕集-热脱附气质联用法对荷叶挥发油成分的对比分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取提取得到荷叶挥发油, 通过吹扫/捕集-热脱附法(P&T-TD)对上述提取物中挥发性成分进行富集, 以气质联用(GC/MS)进行定性检测, 同时与直接进样GC/MS法分析的成分进行比较. 两种方法成功分离分析出有机酸、酯、醛、醇、酚、烷烃、芳香烃、烯烃以及含氮、硫、氧杂原子的化合物等共计84种成分, 其中P&T-TD GC/MS鉴定出63种有机化合物, GC/MS鉴定出41种有机化合物, 有20种成分共同检出. 对比分析表明: P&T-TD GC/MS的吹扫/捕集-热脱附过程能富集各种组分, 相比GC/MS分析, 可以鉴定出微量成分及更多挥发性和半挥发性成分, 在精油等挥发性成分的分析检测中使用优势明显.     

Comprehensive multidimensional separation methods by hyphenation of single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOF-MS) with GC and GC×GC

One- and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography were hyphenated with soft photoionization mass spectrometry. The characteristics of these two- and three-dimensional comprehensive separation techniques are discussed in detail. Using the innovative electron beam pumped excimer light source (EBEL) for single-photon ionization (SPI), organic molecules with ionization energies (E _i ) of below 9.8 eV can be detected by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). SPI with 126 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons enables the universal and soft ionization of organic molecules. SPI-TOF-MS hyphenated to one-dimensional gas chromatography results in a comprehensive two-dimensional separation method (GC×MS). To demonstrate this, diesel fuel was analyzed, and the resulting GC×MS chromatograms are discussed in depth. A three-dimensional separation method was also realized by combining comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with SPI-MS. In the resulting separation space, constituents originating from mineral oil diesel blended with biodiesel were dispersed along the two GC separation axes, while the molecular mass axis served as a third separation dimension.     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术分析重馏分油中芳烃组成

通过对升温速度、二维补偿温度、调制周期等关键实验参数的优化,建立了全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)分析重馏分油中芳烃组分的方法,得到了重馏分油芳烃组分按环数分布的二维点阵图。根据谱库检索、标准化合物对照及文献报道,对重馏分油芳烃组分中菲、甲基菲及芘、苯并蒽等常见多环芳烃(PAH)进行了准确定性,并将该方法应用到重馏分油加氢处理工艺研究中,对菲、芘的加氢处理产物进行了定性分析。该研究为重馏分油芳烃组分的准确定性提供了新的技术手段,为加深对油品加氢规律的认识提供了技术支持。全二维气相色谱与普通一维色谱对比,在重馏分油的芳烃组分分析上体现了极大优势。