超高效液相色谱-高分辨率质谱法筛查化妆品中12种糖皮质激素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱快速筛查和确证化妆品中可能添加的12种糖皮质激素的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,用Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。以正离子全扫描模式得到糖皮质激素的精确质量数,与理论精确质量数对比,精确度偏差小于2×10-6。建立了筛查列表,并将12种糖皮质激素物质的二级质谱数据库加入确证条件中,实现了对12种糖皮质激素类物质的快速筛查。检出限为1~2μg/kg,定量下限为3~5μg/kg;加标水平为10,20,40μg/kg时,回收率为78.3%~112.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~11.2%。该方法可作为化妆品中非法添加糖皮质激素成分的高通量筛选和确认检测方法。     

基于精确质量数筛选的超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱质谱法快速鉴别化妆品中的邻苯二甲酸酯

采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS),结合邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)精确质量数,建立了快速筛选、定性识别化妆品中PAEs的分析方法。不同种类的化妆品样品经甲醇提取,Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100×2.1mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈-水(含5mmol/L乙酸铵和0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱。通过UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS的正离子模式全扫描分析,获得提取物中PAEs化合物母离子和主要碎片离子精确质量数,实现对化妆品的快速筛选。以保留时间和数据依赖扫描(Data Dependent Scan)模式获得的子离子质谱图进行定性确证。所发展的UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS方法分离度高、灵敏度好,所考察的14种常见PAEs的精确质量数相对偏差小于5.0×10-6,线性良好,相关系数大于0.99,14种PAEs的检出限在0.05~0.5mg/kg范围内,能满足化妆品实际样品的分析要求。对50种化妆品实际样品进行筛选,结果良好,说明该方法是化妆品中PAEs快速筛选、定性识别的有效方法。     

河豚鱼、鳗鱼和烤鳗中角黄素残留的超高效液相色谱法测定和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法确证

建立了河豚鱼、鳗鱼和烤鳗中角黄素残留的超高效液相色谱测定方法和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱确证方法。样品用抗氧化剂焦性没食子酸保护,乙腈均质提取,正己烷液-液分配净化,超高效液相色谱-紫外检测器测定,外标法定量,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法确证。测定方法采用BEHC18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,i.d.1.7μm),流动相为V(0.1%的甲酸)∶V(乙腈)=3∶97,检测波长470 nm。实验结果表明,角黄素在0.05~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),在空白样品中,添加低、中、高3个浓度水平(0.05,0.1,1.0 mg/kg),角黄素的回收率均在82.52%~96.96%之间,相对标准偏差为6.9%~15%。方法的检出限(LOD)为0.02 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.05 mg/kg。串联质谱确证方法采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源,在正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)扫描方式检测,定性离子对565.5/203.2和565.5/133.1,定量离子对565.5/203.2。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物

建立了同时测定化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物(巴豆醛、苯乙酮、2,4-二羟基-3-甲基苯甲醛和2-亚戊基环己酮)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。样品使用50%乙腈(体积比)溶液提取,经AQ-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离后,高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测器检测,以保留时间和紫外吸收光谱定性,外标法定量,高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法确证。结果表明,4种醛酮化合物在0.05~2.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.999 9;方法检出限和定量下限分别为0.5~1.0 mg/kg和1.5~3.0 mg/kg。样品加标回收率为89.0%~106.7%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)为2.0%~6.9%。该方法准确可靠,适用于化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物的测定。     

化妆品中苔黑醛和氯化苔黑醛的超高效液相色谱法测定及质谱确证

采用超高效液相色谱建立了化妆品中苔黑醛和氯化苔黑醛的分析方法,并采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行确证。化妆品试样采用5%三氯乙酸-乙腈混合溶液(70/30,V/V)超声提取15 min,离心过膜后即可直接上机分析。采用亚二微米超高效液相色谱柱分离,外标法定量;质谱确证采用水和乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式电离,多反应监测模式检测。苔黑醛和氯化苔黑醛在0.1~50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(线性相关系数r≥0.9990),方法的定量限为5.0 mg/kg(信噪比为10)。膏霜、乳液和香水等样品在5.0,10,25 mg/kg的添加回收率在87.4%~96.3%之间,RSD(n=6)为1.4%~4.6%。方法适用于化妆品中苔黑醛和氯化苔黑醛的检测及其含量水平的普查。     

化妆品中士的宁和马钱子碱的高效液相色谱检测及质谱确证

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)-二极管阵列检测器(DAD)测定化妆品中士的宁和马钱子碱的方法.膏霜、水剂、散粉、香波、唇膏等不同类型的化妆品样品经超声提取后,高效液相色谱-二极管阵列扫描检测,并在264 nm波长进行分析.用保留时间结合紫外光谱定性,外标法定量,并且采用液相色谱-质谱确证.士的宁的回收率为89.2%～103.5%,相对标准偏差在0.7%～6.0%之间,定量限为2.5 mg/kg,马钱子碱的回收率为86.3%～101.0%,相对标准偏差在0.9%～6.9%之间,定量限为2.5 mg/kg.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱快速筛查蔬菜中18种农药残留

建立蔬菜中18种农药残留的超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)快速筛查方法。样品经1%乙酸乙腈提取,QuEChERS法净化,经C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.8μm)分离,以乙腈与含0.1%甲酸的2 mmoL/L甲酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,UPLC-Q-TOF MS检测,建立18种农药的一级精确质量数据库以及二级谱图库,通过化合物的精确质量数、保留时间定性确证,外标法定量。18种农药均能准确定性,且在1.0～200.0μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9908),各组分检出限范围为0.0006～0.005 mg/kg,回收率范围为73.56%～103.2%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)范围为0.23%～9.85%。该方法快速、简便、准确,可用于蔬菜中18种农药残留的快速筛查。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中三聚氰胺残留量

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定水产品中三聚氰胺残留的方法.采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(0.1%甲酸),流速为0.3 mL/min.采用电喷雾质谱检测,以正离子模式5 min完成质谱分析.实验结果表明,三聚氰胺在水产品中的检测限为0.05 mg/kg,在0.05～0.50 mg/kg添加水平时的加标回收率为63%～90%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于7.2%(n=6).     

美白化妆品中杜鹃醇的超高效液相色谱荧光检测及质谱确证

采用超高效液相色谱结合荧光检测建立了美白化妆品中杜鹃醇的分析方法,并采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行确证。化妆品试样以5%三氯乙酸-乙腈混合溶液(70∶30)超声提取15 min,离心过膜后,采用通用型的反相C18色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈(75∶25)为流动相,荧光检测器(λex/λem=280nm/315 nm)检测,外标法定量;质谱确证采用水(含0.01%氨水)和乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子模式电离,多反应监测模式检测。结果显示,杜鹃醇在0.05~1.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 6,方法的定量下限为2.5 mg/kg。面膜、乳霜、乳液和爽肤水等样品在加标浓度为5.0,10,25 mg/kg时的回收率为86.5%~103.4%,RSD(n=6)为1.1%~3.4%。该方法简便、灵敏,加标回收率和重现性良好,可用于化妆品中杜鹃醇的检测及其含量水平的普查。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱用于化妆品中18种非甾体抗炎药筛查和测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF MS）快速筛查和测定化妆品中18种非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）的方法。样品采用60%乙腈水溶液超声提取,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱。在ESI正离子扫描模式下,采用Target MS/MS模式采集化合物的质谱信息构建筛查数据库,以保留时间、一级母离子精确质量数、同位素丰度比和二级子离子谱库匹配进行快速筛查,以基质匹配外标法进行定量分析。结果表明18种化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）均大于0.99;检出限为0.001～0.050μg/g,定量下限为0.004～0.150μg/g。低、中、高3个加标水平下,膏霜及水剂两种化妆品基质的平均回收率为70.7%～116%,日内相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为0.70%～7.5%,日间RSD(n=3)为3.0%～14%。该方法前处理简单高效、准确度好、分析速度快,筛查结果准确,可用于化妆品中非甾体抗炎药的定性确证和定量分析,为化妆品风险识别提供技术手段。     

Microcoulometric Determination of Sulfur and Chlorine by Combustion and Nitrogen by Hydrogenolysis

Abstract

The design of an improved open microcombustion tube and experimental conditions for the rapid, accurate and precise determination of sulfur and chlorine by microcoulometry are described. The design and operating conditions for a catalytic hydrogenolysis tube and scrubber tube for acid removal are also presented for the determination of nitrogen. Examples of the application of the above methods for these elements in petroleum and petrochemicals are presented.     

The Reduction of Benzofuroxans by Ferrous Salts and by Thiophenol

Treatment of benzofuroxan derivatives with ferrous sulphate in DMSO/water solution affords in high yield o-nitroanilines. o-Nitroaniline was also obtained by reduction of benzofuroxan with thiophenol in presence of catalytic amount of Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ salts.     

Ammonia sorption by Dawson acid studied by IR spectroscopy and microbalance

Using in-situ microbalance and infrared spectroscopy techniques the double ammonia proton complexation was traced. The results confirm the formation of N₂H₇⁺ dimer in solid Dawson acid H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂, previously reported only for N₂H₇I and for (N₂H₇)₄SiW₁₂O₄₀. The formation of such dimers was evidenced by the microbalance results, the molar ratio of ammonia to proton was measured as 2:1 at 10.7 kPa and 298 K. The formation of NH₄⁺ monomer (band at 1410 cm⁻¹) and N₂H₇⁺ dimer (1460 cm⁻¹) was revealed by IR spectroscopy. Enthalpy of ammonia sorption on Dawson structure was calculated to be −127.9 kJ mol⁻¹, indicating the lower acid strength of Dawson-type compared to that of the Keggin-type heteropolyacids, like H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀.     

Immobilization of a recombinant cutinase by entrapment and by covalent binding

Fusarium solani pisi recombinant cutinase, immobilized by entrapment in calcium alginate and by covalent binding on porous silica, was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of tricaprylin. The influence of relevant parameters on the catalytic activity such as pH, temperature, and the substrate concentration were studied. Cutinase immobilized by entrapment presented a Michaelis-Menten kinetics for tricaprylin concentrations up to 200 mM. At higher concentrations of substrate, inhibition was observed. For covalent binding immobilization, diffusional limitations were observed at low substrate concentrations and substrate inhibition occurred for concentrations higher than 150 mM. The stability of immobilized cutinase was also evaluated. The enzyme immobilized by entrapment showed a high stability, in contrast to the immobilization on porous silica.     

Isolation of osmium and ruthenium by ionexchange paper and subsequent determination by X-ray fluorescence

Quantitative separations of microgram quantities of osmium and ruthenium from large proportions of copper, iron and nickel were accomplished by the use of anion-exchange paper. Accurate determinations of osmium and ruthenium were made by adaptation of X-ray fluorescence. Wet methods for the dissolution of the paper and exchanger and subsequent wet determinations of osmium and ruthenium are discussed.     

Channel Structure Formed by Hydrogen Bonds and Filled by Water Molecules and Dodecatungstosilicate Anions

A new compound consisting of Keggin-type polyoxometalate and transition metal complex, [Cr(apca)₂(H₂O)₂]₄[SiW₁₂O₄₀]·12H₂O(1), (apca^??=?3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate anion), was synthesized with conventional method and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, TG analyses, PXRD. Fluorescent property was explored. The [SiW₁₂O₄₀]^4? anions and complex cations [Cr(apca)₂(H₂O)₂]⁺ in compound 1 are connected by hydrogen bonds and π–π interaction, forming the 3D structure. Especially, [Cr(apca)₂(H₂O)₂]⁺ cations are linked into left-hand helical chain extending along c-axis through hydrogen bonds, forming a channel A. The chains connect other four chains from four directions also through hydrogen bonds, then the four chains enclose a channel B whose inside dimension is a little bigger than that of A, polyoxoanions fill in the channel B, and free waters in the channel A. Compound 1 shows an asymmetric wide emission band at λ_max?=?435 nm, which may belongs to the intraligand π*?→?π transition.     

Alkali halide nanocrystal growth and etching studied by AFM and modeled by MD simulations

NaCl hillocks have been grown on the NaCl(100) monocrystalline surface by simply making the tip of an atomic force microscope cantilever interact with the surface. A quantitative discussion about the hillock dissolution process as well as physical stability of these ionic surfaces has been made. Molecular dynamics simulations helped us to interpret the experimental data. An explanation for the hillock formation and dissolution phenomena is also discussed.