BF3*Et2O/MCM-41固体酸催化剂及其催化性能的研究

MCM-41因其具有规整的六方一维孔道、高比表面积及可作为催化剂或催化剂载体的优良性能而备受关注[1]. 但由于铝取代的MCM-41具弱酸性, 将其作为酸催化剂的研究尚不多见. 为此, 对MCM-41进行表面改性或负载酸性物质是行之有效的方法. 本文以BF3*Et2O对MCM-41分子筛进行表面改性, 并采用XRD和原位FTIR技术对BF3*Et2O/MCM-41催化剂进行表征; 探讨了催化剂制备条件对环氧氯丙烷与异丁醇的缩合反应性能的影响.     

MCM-41负载手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物的制备及其对不对称环氧化的催化性能

 三乙氧基硅丙胺与介孔分子筛MCM-41表面的羟基在甲苯中回流反应得到氨丙基官能团化的MCM-41, 再利用氨基与Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)上的活性酯基生成酰胺键,将手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物负载到MCM-41上,实现了手性均相催化剂的多相化. 分别利用FT-IR, DR UV-Vis, XRD, ICP和N2吸附等手段对负载型催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物成功负载到MCM-41上,但MCM-41和手性Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)配合物固有的结构保持不变. 以次氯酸钠和间氯过氧苯甲酸为氧化剂,考察了负载型催化剂对1,2-二氢萘不对称环氧化反应的催化性能,结果表明,负载型催化剂的催化活性比相应均相催化剂的低,但对映体选择性有所提高. 在NaClO/PyNO氧化剂体系中20 ℃反应12 h, 1,2-二氢萘环氧化物的收率达45.9%, 对映体过量值为84.3%. 负载型催化剂在循环使用5次后Mn的流失达34%.     

MCM-41介孔分子筛共价键联钴酞菁的制备，表征及性质

采用两种方法将钴酞菁配合物共价联接到介孔分子筛MCM-41的表面：(1) 在MCM-41表面联接含伯胺的有机侧链；(2) 是在MCM-41表面联接含仲胺的有机侧链。含氯磺酸基的钴酞菁与胺反应形成磺酰胺。对得到的主客体化合物用多种物化手段和催化反应进行了表征。结果表明，钴酞菁以单体形式固定在介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔道壁上，在反应条件下固载后的钴酞菁具有高催化活性，同时表现出良好的稳定性，多次重复使用活性没有明显的改变。     

MCM-41分子筛的表面修饰及其催化合成乙酸异戊酯

通过后合成处理将苄基、三甲基硅烷基和磺酸基接枝到MCM-41分子筛上,制备了一种新型的有机-无机杂化S-B-MCM-41催化剂.采用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附-脱附和酸碱滴定对样品的结构和质子酸量进行了表征和测定.结果表明,S-B-MCM-41催化剂较好地保持了MCM-41分子筛的介孔结构,BET比表面积高达798m2/g,质子酸量为4.0mmol/g.将S-B-MCM-41催化剂用于乙酸与异戊醇合成乙酸异戊酯的反应,考察了各种反应条件对酯化率的影响.在乙酸用量为0.1mol,异戊醇用量为0.15mol,催化剂用量为0.2g,带水剂甲苯为15ml,反应温度为110～125℃,反应时间为2h的优化条件下S-B-MCM-41上的酯化率可达99%以上;而MCM-41分子筛上的酯化率仅为54%.经3次重复使用后,S-B-MCM-41催化剂上的酯化率依然保持在90%以上.初步探讨了S-B-MCM-41催化剂催化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应机理.     

功能化MCM-41固载的钌基催化剂上二氧化碳加氢合成甲酸

采用两种方法制备了功能化MCM-41固载的钌基催化剂，并用原子吸收光谱，紫外可见光谱以及红外光谱等手段对其进行表征。结果表明,钌基在功能化MCM-41上顺利固载。将这两种固载的钌基催化剂用于二氧化碳加氢合成甲酸反应，发现在较低反应温度和较低氢分压下，固载的RuCl2(PPh3)3催化剂表现出更高的催化活性，在反应温度80℃，H2分压5MPa, CO2分压8MPa下，甲酸转化数达到1275。固载的RuCl2(PPh3)3催化剂也表现出很好的重复再用性。     

MCM-41分子筛固载BF3·X固体酸催化剂的合成及其催化性能的研究

以BF3·X(X=Et2O, H2O, H3PO4, HOAc, HOEt)对MCM-41分子筛进行表面改性, 具体合成了BF3·X/MCM-41固体酸催化剂, 同时采用XRD和原位FT-IR技术对BF3·X/MCM-41催化剂进行表征, 并探讨了催化剂的制备条件对环氧氯丙烷与异丁醇的缩合反应性能的影响.     

AlCl3/MCM-41催化剂上桥式四氢双环戊二烯异构化反应

 分别采用介孔 MCM-41 和 SiO2 为载体制备了固载化 AlCl3 催化剂, 考察了其催化桥式四氢双环戊二烯异构化生成挂式四氢双环戊二烯反应性能. 结果表明, 180 °C 时 AlCl3/MCM-41 催化剂上挂式四氢双环戊二烯选择性可达 95.7%, 而在 AlCl3/SiO2 上仅为 86.3%. 采用 N2 吸附-脱附、Hammett 指示剂法、吡啶吸附红外光谱和化学分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, AlCl3/MCM-41 催化剂较弱的表面酸性和一维孔结构有利于挂式四氢双环戊二烯的生成.     

功能化MCM-41在有机合成中的应用

介孔分子筛MCM-41具有较高的比表面和规整的结构以及表面带有羟基,因此可对MCM-41进行官能团化,从而实现均相催化剂在MCM-41中的组装,达到均相催化剂多相化的目的。本文介绍了最近几年以MCM-41为主体,组装均相配合物得到固相化催化剂在氧化、还原、烷基化、氢甲酰化、Heck、环丙烷化等反应中的应用。     

PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢催化性能

用微型催化反应装置评价, 并结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、表面积和孔结构测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、氢化学吸附和热重分析等方法研究了负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3, PtSn/MCM-41和PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应催化性能. 发现PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较PtSn/MCM-41催化剂高的丙烷脱氢反应活性和较PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂高的反应稳定性. 实验结果表明, 纯硅MCM-41载体表面的锡物种因与载体相互作用较弱故易被还原, 导致铂金属分散度和催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性较低. 用Al2O3修饰MCM-41可以增强Sn物种与Al2O3/MCM-41载体之间的相互作用, 提高PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂铂金属分散度和丙烷脱氢催化活性. 并且, 积炭后的PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较高的铂金属表面裸露度, 故具有较高的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性. PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂优良的丙烷脱氢催化性能可能不仅与Sn-载体Al2O3/MCM-41较强的相互作用有关, 而且与Al2O3/MCM-41载体的介孔结构有关.     

HY/MCM-41/γ-Al2O3负载的硫化态Ni-Mo-P催化剂上萘的加氢

 采用水热法合成了不同SiO2/Al2O3比的MCM-41介孔分子筛. 并分别以HY/MCM-41/γ-Al2O3, HY/γ-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3为载体,用浸渍法制备了Mo-Ni-P催化剂. 以萘为模型化合物,考察了硫化态Mo-Ni-P催化剂的加氢活性. 结果表明,不同载体负载的催化剂催化活性均随着活性组分负载量的增大而提高,其中掺杂大比表面MCM-41的HY/MCM-41/γ-Al2O3所负载的催化剂催化活性提高幅度最大. 由于MCM-41与HY分子筛在酸性和孔结构上存在互补性,因而催化剂对萘加氢存在协同作用. 提出了萘加氢的反应机理,认为反应网络包括两个平行路径: 一是萘加氢生成四氢萘后发生异构化或开环反应; 二是萘加氢生成四氢萘后进一步加氢生成十氢萘,继而发生异构化或开环反应.     

Ni-Fe-B/MCM-41非晶态合金的合成与表征

用化学还原沉积法制备了Ni-Fe-B／MCM-41负载型非品态合金催化材料。通过XRD,FT-IR,TPR,SEM,TG及BET研究了非晶态合金对介孔分子筛载体结构的影响及非晶态合金负载后性质和形态的变化。结果表明：非晶态合金没有破坏介孔分子筛的结构,Ni-Fe-B／MCM-41的热稳定性和氧化能力与Ni-Fe-B相比,均有一定提高。     

Enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensor from tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) incorporated into MCM-41 and an ionic liquid-based carbon paste electrode

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] ion-exchanged in the sulfonic-functionalized MCM-41 silicas was developed with tripropylamine (TPrA) as a co-reactant in a carbon paste electrode (CPE) using a room temperature ionic liquid (IL) as a binder. The sulfonic-functionalized silicas MCM-41 were used for preparing an ECL sensor by the electrostatic interactions between Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) cations and sulfonic acid groups. We used the IL as a binder to construct the CPE (IL-CPE) to replace the traditional binder of the CPE (T-CPE)--silicone oil. The results indicated that the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE had more open structures to allow faster diffusion of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and that the ionic liquid also acted as a conducting bridge to connect TPrA with Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) sites immobilized in the electrode, resulting in a higher ECL intensity compared with the MCM-41-modified T-CPE. Herein, the detection limit for TPrA of the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE was 7.2 nM, which was two orders of magnitude lower than that observed at the T-CPE. When this new sensor was used in flow injection analysis (FIA), the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE ECL sensor also showed good reproducibility. Furthermore, the sensor could also be renewed easily by mechanical polishing whenever needed.     

杂原子介孔Co-MCM-41分子筛的制备及其吸附脱氮性能

采用水热法合成了介孔MCM-41和Co-MCM-41分子筛,并利用XRD、FT-IR、低温N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃-TPD等方法对合成的分子筛进行了表征。考察了晶化时间、晶化温度、陈化时间对合成介孔Co-MCM-41分子筛的影响,确定较适宜的合成条件为陈化时间1 h,晶化温度110 ℃,晶化时间2 d。XRD 和FT-IR表征结果说明,Co原子已经进入MCM-41的骨架。MCM-41和Co-MCM-41的平均孔径均为2.82 nm,BET比表面积分别为986.42和 637.69 m²/g,孔容分别为0.762 1和0.537 2 m³/g。NH₃-TPD的表征结果表明,MCM-41和Co-MCM-41的酸性都较弱,但Co-MCM-41的酸性明显强于MCM-41。在此基础上,利用合成的MCM-41和Co-MCM-41吸附脱除氮含量为1 737.35 μg/g的模拟燃料中的喹啉。喹啉分子尺寸的模拟结果为0.711 6 nm × 0.500 2 nm,说明其可以很容易地进入MCM-41和Co-MCM-41的介孔孔道中。Co-MCM-41分子筛的氮脱除率明显高于MCM-41,这是由于其较强的酸性及与喹啉之间的化学吸附,而且,Co-MCM-41吸附脱氮具有较好的再生性能。     

(MCM-41)-La_2O_3纳米复合材料的制备、表征及光学性质

借助水热法,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,在碱性条件下制备了纳米MCM-41分子筛。通过固相热扩散法将La2O3组装到MCM-41介孔孔道中,制备出含La2O3不同浓度的(MCM-41)-La2O3主-客体纳米复合材料。采用化学分析、粉末XRD、FTIR、77K低温N2吸附-解吸附、固体扩散漫反射吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和发光光谱对主-客体复合材料进行表征。粉末XRD结果表明,La2O3组装到MCM-41分子筛的孔道后并未破坏分子筛骨架,在所制备的(MCM-41)-La2O3主-客体纳米复合材料中MCM-41骨架结构仍然具有较高的有序性,并且,随着植入客体材料浓度的增加复合材料的有序度有所降低。红外光谱表明所制备的纳米复合材料主体分子筛骨架完好;低温氮气吸附-解吸附技术表明La2O3已经部分地占据了MCM-41分子筛孔道,导致分子筛的比表面积和孔体积都有所降低;固体扩散漫反射吸收光谱表明吸收光谱的吸收峰发生了蓝移现象,并表现出量子限域效应,说明La2O3已经组装到了MCM-41分子筛的孔道中;拉曼光谱表明所制备的复合材料没有出现新的特征峰,表明La2O3已经组装到了MCM-41分子筛的孔道中;扫描电镜表明(MCM-41)-La2O3样品的外观非常规整,主要呈现的是球状结构,La2O3含量为10%时,(MCM-41)-La2O3的平均粒径为(114±10)nm。发光光谱研究结果表明,所制备的复合材料(MCM-41)-La2O3样品在396nm处具有较好的发光性质,因而具有作为发光材料潜在应用前景。     

Characterization of methylated nanoscale MCM-41 material

In this study, nanoscale MCM-41 molecular sieve was prepared under a basic condition by a hydrothermal method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silica source. Methylated nanoscale MCM-41 molecular sieve was prepared from the nanoscale MCM-41 by post-synthesis method using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as coupling agent. The product was characterized by means of element analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique at 77 K, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Powder XRD showed that the framework of the molecular sieve was well retained and the degree of ordering of the methylated MCM-41 decreases. IR spectra and the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique suggested that methyl was successfully grafted to the inner surface of the methylated MCM-41 and the mesoporous channels of the methylated MCM-41 were still maintained. Scanning electron microscopic results showed that the average size of the methylated MCM-41 prepared was 112 nm. Differential thermal analysis showed that the prepared material has preferable thermal stability and the methylated MCM-41 can be stable at 903 °C.     

Preparation and Spectroscopic Properties of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(Ⅱ) Loaded in Siliceous Mesoporous MCM-41

[Ru(bpy)3]2+/MCM-41 composite material obtained by loading tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(Ⅱ)([Ru(bpy)3]2+) in siliceous mesoporous MCM-41 was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies. The absorption spectrum of [Ru(bpy)3]2+/MCM-41 is similar to that of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ aqueous solution, whereas its emission spectrum exhibits hypsochromic shift compared to the solution spectrum. On the other hand, the peak position of the emission spectrum of [Ru(bpy)3]2+/MCM-41 shifts towards longer wavelength when the loading amount increases.     

Preparation of MnCo/MCM-41 catalysts with high performance for chlorobenzene combustion

MCM-41 was synthesized by a soft template technique. The specific surface area and pore volume of the MCM-41 were 805.9 m²/g and 0.795 cm³/g, respectively. MCM-41-supported manganese and cobalt oxide catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy clearly confirmed the existence of Mn, Co, and O, which indicated the successful loading of the active components on the surface of MCM-41. The structure and function of the catalysts were changed by modulating the molar ratio of manganese to cobalt. The 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 (Mn/Co molar ratio is 6:1) catalyst displayed the best catalytic activity according to the activity evaluation experiments, and chlorobenzene (1000 ppm) was totally decomposed at 270 °C. The high activity correlated with a high dispersion of the oxides and was attributed to the exposure of more active sites, which was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The strong interactions between MnO₂, Co₃O₄, MnCoO_x, and MCM-41 indicated that cobalt promoted the redox cycles of the manganese system. The bimetal-oxide-based catalyst showed better catalytic activity than that of the single metal oxide catalysts, which was further confirmed by H₂ temperature-programmed reduction. Chlorobenzene temperature-programmed desorption results showed that 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 had higher adsorption strength for chlorobenzene than that of single metal catalysts. And stronger adsorption was beneficial for combustion of chlorobenzene. Furthermore, 10%MnCo(6:1)/MCM-41 was not deactivated during a continuous reaction for 1000 h at 260 °C and displayed good resistance to water and benzene, which indicated that the catalyst could be used in a wide range of applications.     

纳米MCM-41组装DBC-偶氮胂的研究

以纳米MCM-41孔道为模版,组装制备了二溴对氯偶氮胂(DBC-ASA)纳米簇合物。采用化学分析、粉末X-射线衍射、77 K N2吸附-解吸附、红外光谱、固体扩散漫反射光谱及发光光谱表征了制备的(MCM-41)-(DBC-ASA)主-客体纳米复合材料。结果表明,DBC-ASA成功地组装在了主体MCM-41中,并且处于主体分子筛材料的纳米孔道中。(MCM-41)-(DBC-ASA)纳米复合材料具有作为发光材料的应用前景。     

无溶剂高度分散Ni/MCM-41催化剂的制备及其萘加氢性能

分别用机械研磨无溶剂法、添加柠檬酸无溶剂法制备了Ni/MCM-41催化剂,对所制催化剂进行了分析表征,探究其萘加氢反应性能并与常规浸渍法进行了对比。与常规浸渍法相比,机械研磨无溶剂法所制催化剂的物理性质相近,金属镍分散度和萘加氢性能略有提高;添加柠檬酸无溶剂法则显著提升了催化剂的分散度和萘加氢性能,金属镍分散度由6.9%大幅提高至67.9%,萘加氢性能提高了近1倍。通过红外光谱、紫外光谱和热重分析,提出了添加柠檬酸对无溶剂法制备催化剂性能的促进作用机制。     

以CTMABr和CTMAOH为共模板剂合成MCM-41

采用共模板剂水热合成了MCM-41.分别用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、固体核磁共振(²⁷AlMASNMR)和N₂吸附等温线技术考察了用该方法和传统方法所制备的Si-MCM-41和Al-MCM-41样品的晶相结构、孔结构以及Al在分子筛中的化学环境.结果表明,用共模板剂方法合成的MCM-41样品,其纯度和孔径均一性显著提高,特别是当样品中Al含量较高时,仍可保证Al原子以四配位结合在MCM-41的硅骨架上.还就采用共模板剂的理论依据进行了讨论.