季铵盐、季膦盐类高分子抗菌剂的研究进展

综述了季铵盐、季膦盐类高分子抗菌剂的研究进展,包括该类抗菌剂的合成、性能及抗菌机理。现有的研究结果表明,含有多种杀菌基团高分子抗菌剂的抗菌作用可能与杀菌基团的种类、杀菌基团的固载量、载体与杀菌基的结合位置、杀菌基团的分布、载体的表面亲水性能、聚合物的交联度、链结构等有关。若能在分子结构中同时有序引入季铵盐或季膦盐、海因类杀菌基团,有可能存在杀菌基团的协同效应,并且可能形成一个新的高分子抗菌材料的研究分支。     

有机高分子抗菌剂的制备及抗菌机理

综述了有机高分子抗菌剂的研究进展,分别对带有季铵盐、季鳞盐、有机锡、吡啶类、胍盐类、卤代胺类和壳聚糖衍生物类七种抗菌基团的有机高分子抗菌剂的合成及应用等方面作了评述.重点介绍了季铵盐与季鳞盐两种有机高分子抗菌剂的发展情况,对季铵盐和季鳞盐应用于抗菌剂领域的优劣进行了比较.介绍了近几年发展较快的几种有机高分子抗菌剂的制备...     

季铵盐阴离子交换膜研究进展

近年来,阴离子交换膜燃料电池的发展受到了广泛关注。开发具有碱稳定性能优异,电导率高的阴离子交换膜(AEMs)材料成为了研究的热点。AEMs主要由聚合物骨架和阳离子基团组成,这两者是影响膜碱稳定性和电导率的重要因素。本文综述了季铵盐类阴离子交换膜聚合物骨架结构中含有醚氧键和不含醚氧键的烷基季铵盐AEMs、N-螺环季铵盐AEMs和环季铵盐AEMs的碱稳定性、电导率等性能;总结了不同骨架结构季铵盐AEMs碱稳定性的差异;分析了季铵盐的降解机理。同时对于含有季铵盐阳离子交换基团的AEMs的结构设计进行了分析和展望。     

聚酰胺-胺型树枝状高分子PAMAM溶液的特性粘度

测定了树枝状高分子PAMAM(聚酰胺-胺型,乙二胺为内核)及其季铵盐在水溶液中的特性粘度[η].结果表明,PAMAM的[η]在代数G=2～3处有最大值,而其季铵盐则在此处有最小值.同时发现高分子的流体力学等效圆球半径R_η随G增大近似线性增长.通过对PAMAM及其季铵盐特性粘度的研究,揭示了不同代数高分子结构形态的变化规律.     

聚酰胺—胺型树枝状高分子PAMAM溶液的特性粘度

测定了树状高分子ＰＡＭＡＭ（聚酰胺－胺型,乙二胺为内核）及其季铵盐在水溶液中的特性粘度「η」,结果表明,ＰＡＭＡＭ的「η」在代数Ｇ＝２￣３处有最大值,而其季铵盐则在此处有最小值,同时发现高分子的流体力学等效圆球半径Ｒη随Ｇ增大近似线性增长,通过对ＰＡＭＡＭ及其季铵盐特性粘度的研究,揭示了不同代数高分子结构形态的变化规律。     

高分子吡啶季铵盐的抗菌性能及机理的探讨

高分子吡啶季铵盐的抗菌性能及机理的探讨;高分子抗菌剂;吡啶季铵盐;抗菌机理;杀菌     

N-卤胺类高分子与纳米抗菌材料的制备及应用

在诸多的抗菌剂中,N-卤胺类抗菌剂作为新型抗菌剂,具有高效、持久、广谱、可再生、无毒和对环境无污染等优点,是一种绿色环保高效的抗菌剂。因此,对N-卤胺类抗菌剂的研究受到广大学者的高度重视。本文综述了高分子N-卤胺和纳米N-卤胺抗菌材料的合成途径以及应用。高分子N-卤胺材料的合成主要包括三种方法:由单体聚合得到的高分子N-卤胺;N-卤胺前驱体接枝在其他高分子材料表面而形成的接枝聚合物;以及共混、静电纺丝、包覆等其他手段。对于N-卤胺抗菌材料而言,接触面积对其抗菌活性至关重要,纳米尺寸的N-卤胺抗菌材料具有非常大的比表面积,因而显示出更加优异的抗菌性能。本文着重介绍了纳米N-卤胺抗菌材料的研究进展和发展方向,并在分析N-卤胺基抗菌材料研究现状的基础上,对其开发和应用前景进行了展望。     

溴化苄基取代吡啶类季铵盐的制备和抗菌性能

抗菌材料和抗菌制品的研究与应用一直是世界各国研究的重要课题~([1-3]),其中有机抗菌剂占据主要地位.季铵盐是研究比较多的一类有机抗菌剂,它们表现出良好的物理性质,如胶束浓度低,黏弹性好和溶解性强~([4]),同时此类抗菌剂具有强效的抗菌作用~([5]),引起了人们的极大兴趣.季铵盐广泛应用于医药、卫生、食品、饲料工业、农业、纺织、塑料、橡胶、造纸、水处理、油田开采、涂料、日常生活等多种领域~([6-10]).     

新型有机高分子抗菌剂

综述了有机高分子抗菌剂的研究进展，分别对季铵盐、季膦盐、有机锡、卤代胺、胍盐，以有壳聚糖及其衍生物类抗菌剂的合成及应用等方面作了评述。     

季铵盐型阳离子聚合物的合成及其应用

介绍季铵盐型阳离子聚合物的合成方法,主要包括二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基氯化铵、表氯醇和丙烯酰胺等单体直接聚合方法,及天然高分子和聚乙烯醇的改性制备方法等。同时总结了季铵盐型阳离子聚合物在涂料、环境、水处理等领域的应用。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).