偕胺肟化PAN纳米纤维膜除铬性能的研究

采用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜,再以盐酸羟胺为改性剂对PAN纳米纤维膜进行偕胺肟化处理成功制备出偕胺肟化纳米纤维膜(AOPAN).通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、水接触角等对其物理化学性质进行表征并研究其吸附重金属Cr(Ⅵ)的能力.结果表明,PAN纳米纤维在水浴温度60℃,水热时间3.5 h条件下进行改性后,纤维直径明显变粗,并且有一定程度的弯曲.由红外光谱(FTIR)分析发现改性后的PAN纳米纤维膜在3500~3300 cm~(-1)范围内出现了2个双峰,并且接触角由114.5°变为29.8°,说明成功地将PAN纳米纤维改性为含有—NH_2基团的AOPAN纳米纤维.该AOPAN纳米纤维膜对铬的吸附实验表明,在p H=2时,吸附约5 h后达到最佳除铬效果,吸附量可达102.5 mg/g,并且满足准一级动力学方程,符合Langmuir吸附模型.主要是由于制备的AOPAN含有—NH_2基团,在酸性条件下被质子化为—NH_3~+,更易与HCr O_4~-结合.而且这种膜材料在使用后便于取出,经稀Na OH溶液洗涤后,能够重复使用,循环4次后仍能保持50%以上的去除率,在处理重金属离子方面具有非常大的潜力.     

偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备及在含金属离子废水处理中的应用

利用电纺丝技术制备了聚丙烯腈纳米纤维无纺布, 然后在水溶液原位偕胺肟化得到偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维, 该纳米纤维可用于吸附再生含金属离子废水. 采用氯化铜溶液模拟含金属离子废水, 探讨不同肟化率的偕胺肟化纳米纤维对铜离子的吸附效果; 发现肟化率78.8%的偕胺肟化纳米纤维的吸附能力最好, 利用Langmuir吸附方程得到最大吸附值为56.5 mg/g, 同时吸附后可将含铜废水浓度从100 mg/L降至13 μg/L, 远远低于国标GB8978-1996规定的铜排放的一级标准(总铜浓度<0.5 mg/L). 吸附铜离子的纳米纤维在1 mol/L稀硝酸中, 100 min后铜离子的解吸附率超过98%. 经4次吸附-解吸附循环后, 偕胺肟化纳米纤维的吸附能力仍能达到首次吸附最大吸附值的50%以上, 表明偕胺肟化纳米纤维具有一定的循环再生能力.     

AOPAN@PAN同轴纳米纤维的制备及吸附性能

将盐酸羟胺与聚丙烯腈(PAN)反应得到偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈(AOPAN)溶液,随后采用同轴静电纺丝技术,制备了以AOPAN为壳,PAN为芯的同轴纳米纤维(AOPAN@PAN).通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)等对纤维的形貌、组成和力学性能进行了表征.结果表明,随着PAN用量的增加,AOPAN@PAN同轴纳米纤维的强度逐渐变大,当芯层与壳层质量比为1∶3时,纳米纤维的抗拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为3.677 MPa和18.03%;对Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+),CrO_4~(2-)和甲基橙(MO)的最大吸附量分别为135.1,151.2,120.48和43.45 mg/g;使水中Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+),CrO_4~(2-)和MO的浓度分别降低到0.17,0.03,0.06和0.91 mg/L.     

纳米硫化铜/偕胺肟复合纤维的制备及其抑菌性能

聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)经羟胺化学改性制得含有偕胺肟基团的螯合纤维(1);1与纳米Cu S反应制得纳米Cu S/偕胺肟复合纤维(2),其结构经IR,扫描电镜(SEM)和X-衍射能谱(EDX)表征。研究了2对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌性能。结果表明,2表面生成了纳米硫化铜,对受试菌种具有良好的抑菌性能。     

纳米氧化锡/偕胺肟复合纤维的制备及其抑菌性能

以纳米氧化锡为添加粒子,与偕胺肟化处理后的聚丙烯腈纤维反应,制得纳米氧化锡/偕胺肟复合纤维(1),其结构及形貌经XRD, SEM和EDX表征。并研究了1对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性能。结果表明：在纤维表面生成了四方晶系的纳米氧化锡,1对受试菌种具有良好的抑菌性能。     

偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对还原棕BR染料的吸附

采用部分偕胺肟化的聚丙烯腈纤维与铁离子反应,形成偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维,以此为吸附材料,吸附水溶液中的还原棕染料. 研究了其吸附反应条件、吸附规律及吸附反应动力学. 结果表明,pH值11.5～12.5、温度60 ℃和吸附时间60 min为最佳吸附反应条件. 偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对还原棕的吸附反应符合Langmuir方程和Freundlich等温吸附经验式. 采用不同初始浓度研究吸附时间与溶液浓度的关系,用微分法确定了反应级数和反应速率常数. 由不同温度下的速率常数,并结合Arrhenius方程求出了反应的活化能. 结果表明,偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对还原棕的吸附符合一级反应动力学特征,速率方程c=c_0e~(-kt),速率常数k=32.01e~(-E_a/RT),活化能E_a=11.55 kJ/mol.     

含偕胺肟基螯合纤维的制备及结构和性能的研究

通过羟胺与聚丙烯腈的反应制得含偕胺肟基螯合纤维,当腈基转化率为53.7％时,纤维对Au~(3+)的吸附量达626.7mg/g.对反应条件、纤维结构和性能相互关系的研究表明,聚丙烯腈的超分子结构致密性及序态越低越有利于反应;处理过程中,纤维蕴晶区在70℃时开始融化;纤维中偕胺肟基含量随羟胺浓度提高或反应时间延长而提高到一定值后变化趋于平缓,当反应温度高于70℃时,随反应温度升高而提高;纤维断裂强度随反应时间延长而下降;当反应温度高于70℃时明显下降。为获得偕胺肟基含量高、力学性能良好的纤维,聚丙烯腈纤维的偕胺肟化反应宜在略低于70℃的温度下以较短时间进行.     

螯合纤维的研究.Ⅳ.聚丙烯睛纤维偕胺肟化反应的研究

本文探讨了由市售聚丙烯腈纤维制备含偕胺肟基螯合纤维的可能性,研究了纤维偕胺肟化反应的特点。结果表明,通过对聚丙烯腈纤维的偕胺肟化处理可以获得机械性能较好的含偕胺肟基螯合纤维,该纤维对于Au~(3+)具有相当高的吸附量。在影响偕胺肟化反应的诸因素中,温度尤为重要,当温度低于纤维蕴晶区被拆散所对应的温度时,腈基转化率较低;当温度高于蕴晶区被拆散所对应的温度时,腈基转化率迅速提高,但机械性能开始劣化。不断提高反应试剂浓度或延长时间,则腈基转化率初期提高较快随后趋于平缓。     

一种PAN基偕胺肟螯合纤维对重金属离子的吸附性能

利用有限浴技术对一种PAN基偕胺肟螯合纤维的吸附性能进行了系统研究。结果表明:由于该功能纤维材料含胺肟及多烯多胺双重功能基,因此对Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Hg2+等重金属离子具有很好吸附性能。交联型偕胺肟螯合纤维物理化学性能良好,洗脱再生简便,可望用于湿法冶金及重金属离子工业废水的资源化治理等领域。     

不同直径改性PAN纳米纤维膜与Fe3+的配位反应及其配合物对有机染料降解的催化性能

使用静电纺丝技术和偕胺肟反应制备了三种不同直径的改性聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜,然后将它们作为配体分别与Fe3+进行配位反应制备改性PAN纳米纤维膜铁配合物,重点研究了三种改性PAN纳米纤维膜与Fe3+配位反应的动力学特性及其温度和Fe3+初始浓度的影响.最后将其作为非均相Fenton反应催化剂应用于染料降解反应中,考察了改性PAN纳米纤维膜直径对其催化活性的影响.结果表明,在所涉及的温度和浓度范围内,改性PAN纳米纤维膜与Fe3+之间配位反应不仅符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,而且可理想地使用Lagergren准二级动力学方程进行描述,反应速率常数随着Fe3+初始浓度的增加而逐渐降低.在相同反应条件下,较小直径的纤维膜更容易与Fe3+发生配位反应,且反应速率常数和Fe3+配合量均随着纤维直径的降低而增大.不同直径改性PAN纳米纤维膜铁配合物在暗态条件下对染料的氧化降解反应表现出很好的催化活性,且在辐射光下其催化活性得到加强.改性PAN纳米纤维膜铁配合物的催化作用受到纤维直径的显著影响,由中等直径纳米纤维构成的配合物表现出最高的催化活性.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。