钙蒙脱土吸附镧的影响因素及其应用

以钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT)为载体,研究其对镧(La)的吸附。 采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和元素mapping分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、BET、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)对其晶型结构、表面形态、比表面积、化学结构进行表征,考察了La的初始浓度、pH值、温度对Ca-MMT吸附镧性能的影响,考察了载镧钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT@La)的除磷效果。 结果表明:Ca-MMT投入量为10 g/L时,Ca-MMT的平衡吸附量随镧的初始浓度增加而增大,最大吸附量为49.62 mg/g;随着pH值增大,吸附能力增强,pH=6时为最佳pH吸附镧条件,吸附量为38.36 mg/g;随温度的升高,其吸附量先下降再上升,20 ℃吸附能力最大,吸附量为41.23 mg/g。 Langmuir等温吸附方程推断其吸附属于单分子层吸附。 Ca-MMT不具有吸附磷效果,而Ca-MMT@La对磷酸根有很强的吸附能力,吸附量为7.24 mg/g,除磷率为72.41%,其除磷率随含镧量增大而增大。     

机械化学法合成铝酸镧粉体

以碳酸镧、氢氧化铝为原料,采用机械化学法在高温下合成了铝酸镧粉体.考察了球磨时间、二次球磨、煅烧温度以及煅烧时间对合成铝酸镧粉体的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、能谱仪等检测手段对样品进行表征.结果表明:一次球磨后制备的铝酸镧,同时有少量的氧化镧与氢氧化镧存在;二次球磨可使样品粒度细化,从而得到...     

镧系离子掺杂TiO2的制备及其对咪唑降解反应的光催化活性

 以TiCl4和镧系元素的氯化盐溶液为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同含量镧系离子掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、 光致发光光谱(PLS)、 表面光电压谱(SPS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行了表征. XRD结果表明,样品为锐钛矿和金红石的混晶相,镧系离子未进入到TiO2晶格中. PLS和SPS测定结果表明,随着掺杂离子的不同和掺杂含量的不同,样品的谱强度呈现有规律的变化. 在紫外光照射下,以咪唑为目标降解物比较了催化剂的光催化活性. 结果表明,适当含量的镧系离子掺杂可有效促进TiO2表面光生载流子的分离,从而显著提高其光催化活性.     

可X射线显影的新型碘代聚碳酸酯的设计与合成

以丝氨醇、 4-碘苯甲酰氯和氯甲酸乙酯为原料, 通过酰胺化和分子内关环两步反应合成了一种新型的碘代环碳酸酯功能单体——4-碘-N-(2-氧代-1,3-二噁烷-5-基)苯甲酰胺(IBTMC). 以异戊醇为引发剂, 1,5,7-三叠氮双环(4.4.0)癸-5-烯(TBD)为催化剂, 使IBTMC与三亚甲基碳酸酯(TMC)进行开环共聚, 合成了一系列具有X射线不透过性的碘代聚碳酸酯材料, 并采用核磁共振氢谱( ¹H NMR)、 凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、 差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、 热重分析(TGA)和X射线计算机断层成像系统(Micro-CT)表征了其化学结构与组成、 分子量与分子量分布、 热力学性能及X射线不透过性. 研究结果表明, 本文合成的碘代聚碳酸酯具有较窄的分子量分布、 良好的热稳定性及可调的X射线不透过性. 小鼠体内埋置实验结果表明, 碘代聚碳酸酯具备体内X射线成像的能力.     

短孔道Cu-Mn/Zr-Ce-SBA-15催化剂的制备及其催化甲苯燃烧性能

采用水热法制备了Zr-Ce-SBA-15(ZCS)介孔材料,并以它为载体,通过浸渍法制备了不同Cu/Mn比和Cu-Mn含量的Cu-Mn/ZCS催化剂.采用N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并在微型固定床反应器上评价了催化剂催化甲苯燃烧性能.结果表明,Cu...     

Ni/MWCNT及镧改性Ni/MWCNT催化CO2甲烷化反应的性能

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)为载体, 通过浸渍法制备了负载型镍催化剂和稀土镧改性的镍催化剂, 并对其二氧化碳甲烷化的催化性能进行了研究. 借助比表面积测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段研究了稀土镧的添加对Ni/MWCNT催化剂结构和表面组成、催化剂还原性能以及CO₂甲烷化反应性能的影响. 结果表明: 稀土镧改性的Ni/MWCNT较Ni/MWCNT催化剂具有更好的CO₂甲烷化活性, 镧组分的加入提高了催化剂表面的镍物种浓度和分散度, 弱化了氧化镍与载体MWCNT之间的相互作用, 促进了氧化镍的还原, 同时提高了表面镍物种的电子密度, 增加了对反应物的吸附能力, 从而提高了其CO₂甲烷化活性. 制备过程中稀土镧的添加次序对催化性能有较明显的影响, 其活性顺序为先浸渍镧后浸渍镍制备的催化剂活性明显好于先浸渍镍后浸渍镧制备的催化剂.     

Au/N-Ti-HMS的制备及其催化丙烯直接环氧化反应的研究

以十二胺为模板剂合成了一系列不同Ti含量的介孔分子筛Ti-HMS,并通过高温氨处理对其进行高温改性,在分子筛表面和骨架中引入碱性N原子.分别以改性前后的Ti-HMS为载体使用沉积沉淀法制得纳米金催化剂,并考察氢气、氧气共存条件下催化丙烯气相直接环氧化的催化性能.通过氮气等温吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红...     

凹凸棒黏土负载纳米TiO_2-Fe_3O_4吸附剂的制备及Cr(Ⅵ)的脱除

采用溶胶-凝胶法、一锅反应法制备了负载纳米TiO_2和Fe_3O_4的凹凸棒黏土(TiO_2-Fe_3O_4-ATP)吸附剂,并进行了模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附及脱附性能的研究。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和EDS等分析方法对ATP负载纳米TiO_2-Fe_3O_4前后结构进行了表征,考察了物料配比及吸附时间、pH值、温度、投加量和初始质量浓度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率的影响。结果表明,吸附剂在Ti元素含量与负载总量的摩尔比为3∶4时吸附效果最佳。当吸附剂质量为0. 6 g,Cr(Ⅵ)离子初始质量浓度小于0. 8 mg/L时,pH=6,温度20℃,吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率为79. 8%。TiO_2-Fe_3O_4-ATP吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)离子吸附满足Freundlich模型。在20～40℃条件下,吸附过程ΔG 0、ΔS=-43. 55 J/(mol·K)、ΔH=-14. 36 k J/mol,表明该吸附是个自发、熵减、放热的过程。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率控制步骤以表面化学反应为主。TiO_2-Fe_3O_4-ATP吸附剂在循环使用4次后,吸附率仍能达到65%以上。     

膦酸化氧化石墨烯-壳聚糖复合材料对Eu(Ⅲ)的富集性能

本文定向合成了一种新型的膦酸化氧化石墨烯(GO)-壳聚糖(CS)复合材料(GO-CS-P),并将其应用于水体中三价Eu(Ⅲ)的高效富集.宏观实验结果显示,这一复合材料对Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附在5 min内即可达到平衡,在pH5.5和293 K条件下的最大吸附容量(106.14 mg/g)高于先前文献中报道的一系列吸附材料.此外, GO-CS-P能够高效、选择性地从高盐度和多组分金属离子共存的水溶液中捕获Eu(Ⅲ). X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, FTIR)、X射线吸收光谱(X-ray absorption spectroscopy,XAS)和X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)的分析结果表明, Eu(Ⅲ)与GO-CS-P表面的膦酸酯基团和羧基发生共价结合,形成稳定的内层络合物.基于本文的研究发现, GO-CS-P复合材料在修复被三价镧系/锕系元素污染的地下水方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

AZ31镁合金表面镧转化膜的形成机制

通过化学浸泡方法在AZ31镁合金表面制备了高防护性镧转化膜。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对膜组成的测试结果表明:镧转化膜主要由氢氧化镧组成,另外还有少量氢氧化镁及碳酸镧、碳酸镁成分。电化学技术测量成膜过程中试样开路电位(OCP)的变化,分为剧增、降低、缓慢平稳增长3个阶段。原子力显微镜(AFM)对膜层形貌的表征结果表明:镧转化膜最初为均匀致密膜,后出现纤维结构,然后纤维结构不断稳定发展。在上述结果基础上讨论了镧转化膜的形成机制:成膜过程分为紧密层形成、纤维层萌生、纤维层稳定生长3个特征阶段,前两个阶段发生非常迅速,后一阶段持续时间较长,是成膜的主要过程。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.