共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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过去的十多年里,聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在制备、结构与性能方面的研究取得了长足的进步。一些聚合物基的纳米复合材料已实现工业生产,在汽车、家电和包装等领域得到应用。环境稳定性是聚合物材料应用的一个重要方面。本文从材料的耐候性、耐热性和阻燃性能的角度出发,评述了近年来聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在紫外光降解、热降解和燃烧性能方面的研究进展,以期对纳米复合材料的基础研究及应用开发有所裨益。 相似文献
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剥离型硅橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
利用层状硅酸盐制备有机 无机纳米复合材料是当前人们研究的热点[1,2 ] ,这类材料具有较常规聚合物 无机填料复合材料无法比拟的优点 ,可以明显改善高分子材料的物理机械性能、热稳定性、气体阻隔性、阻燃性、导电性、光学性等 .一般来说 ,聚合物 层状硅酸盐 (Polymerlayeredsilicate ,PLS)纳米复合材料可分为插层型和剥离型两种类型 .插层型纳米复合材料即聚合物插入到硅酸盐层中 ,硅酸盐在近程仍保持原有的有序晶体结构 ,在远程则是无序的 .对弹性体而言 ,硅酸盐含量在插层型杂化材料中的含量比较高 ,力学性能… 相似文献
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可降解聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作为一类性能优良的环保功能材料,生物降解性聚合物/层状硅酸盐(BPLS)纳米复合材料正日益引起人们的关注。本文综述了BPLS纳米复合材料的制备途径、结构表征方法及其性能特点,同时对其应用前景作了展望。 相似文献
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一种液晶共聚酯/粘土纳米复合材料的制备及其相转变温度 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
一些无机微粒被广泛用做聚合物的增强材料,其中特别引起人们注意的是一种粘土,即蒙脱土(montmorillonite).蒙脱土具有层状结构,其特点一是微粒尺寸小,二是可以和多种单体发生插层聚合反应,给出聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料[1~3].纳米复合材料指的是其基质中分散相的尺寸至少有一维小于100nm数量级的复合材料.由于其纳米尺度效应、大的比表面积以及强的界面相互作用,纳米复合材料的物理力学性能优于相同组分常规复合材料.因此,无论从基本理论研究角度还是从应用角度上看,对聚合物纳米复合材料的研究都… 相似文献
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聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)/层状无机物纳米复合材料相比于纯PAM具有更好的力学性能、超吸水性能、热稳定性能和气体阻隔性能等,是一种性能优异并在采油、农业和卫生学等领域有着广泛应用前景的新型聚合物基纳米复合材料。本文对近年来聚丙烯酰胺/层状无机物纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了综述。首先重点介绍了层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)在有机溶剂和水中剥离分散方面的研究进展,接着综述了PAM/LDH和PAM/粘土纳米复合材料的制备与结构表征,最后阐述了PAM/层状无机物纳米复合材料的流变性能、力学性能和超吸水性能等。 相似文献
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The field of organic-inorganic nanocomposites has recently attracted consideration attention due to their unexpected hybrid properties synergistically resulting from their parent components. One of the most promising organic-inorganic nanocomposites is polymer-layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposites. Some PLS nanocomposites exhibite dramatic increase in mechanical properties as well as gas barrier properties. But one pervasive problem with nylon-6 and epoxy nanocomposites for applications is their low fracture toughness. The objective of this research is to a method of toughening the nylon-6 and epoxy-silicate nanocmposites in order to have the proper toughness/stiffness balance of such nanocomposites. 相似文献
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In this study, the solid-state shear pan-milling was employed to prepare a series of polymer/layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposites.
During the process of pan-milling at ambient temperature, poly(vinyl alcohol)/organic montmorillonite (PVA/OMMT) can be effectively
pulverized, resulting in coexistence of intercalated and exfoliated OMMT layers. The obtained PLS nanocomposites were characterized
by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM analysis indicated that OMMT dispersed homogeneously
in PVA matrix and XRD results illustrated that pan-milling had an obvious effect on increase in the interlayer spacing of
OMMT, and resulted in coexistence of intercalated and exfoliated OMMT layers formed. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that
thermal stability of PVA was improved owing to the incorporation of OMMT. Thermal decomposition kinetics of PVA/OMMT nanocomposites
with different milling cycles of OMMT was also studied. Two types of OMMT are chosen to compare the effect of hydrophilicity
of OMMT on PVA/OMMT nanocomposites. 相似文献
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Polyurethane/montmorillonite (PU/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared via in situ polymerization from highly crystalline poly(butylene succinate)/poly(ethylene glycol) polyols and 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, using both 1,4-butanediol and 1, 2, or 3 wt.% of a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-MMT hybrid, as chain extenders. The corresponding nanocomposites were designated PU-1MMT, PU-2MMT and PU-3MMT, respectively. The layered silicates were mostly intercalated in the nanocomposites. The distances between the individual silicate layers in the PU-1MMT and PU-2MMT were in the range of 2-10 nm, while those in the PU-3MMT were only about 2 nm. The inefficient exfoliation of the clay in this system was mainly due to the high crystallinity and polarity of the PBS polyol. There were no significant changes in the thermal properties of the pure PU and PU nanocomposites. However, the tensile modulus and elongation of the PU-2MMT at break were significantly greater than those of the pure PU and PU-3MMT. 相似文献
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利用简单的插层反应方法成功地制备了四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAOH)插层的层状硅酸盐Magadiite纳米复合材料,在室温下该材料溶胶放置30d可以保持稳定,粉体长期保存结构稳定,而且反应时间短,只需30min.利用XRD,FTIR,SEM和HRTEM等方法对样品进行了结构表征.结果表明,TBA+离子在层间以双分子层排列,并与层状硅酸盐结合在一起,TBAOH插层后的纳米粒子在玻璃片上进行了重组,粒径分布在10~100nm之间;HRTEM电镜照片进一步证实了剥离的层状硅酸盐纳米粒子在玻璃片上的自组装过程.根据实验结果阐述了TBAOH插层反应形成纳米溶胶的机理. 相似文献
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Polymer nanocomposites containing layered silicates have been considered as a new generation of composite materials due to their expected unique properties attributed to the high aspect ratio of the inorganic platelets. Nevertheless, addition of layered silicates to polyolefins mostly results in phase separated systems because of the incompatibility of the silicates with the non-polar polyolefins. Functional compatibilizers are required to enhance the interactions and alter the structure from phase separated micro-composites to intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites. Commercial macromolecular compatibilizers (mainly maleic-anhydride-functionalized polyolefins) are most commonly used to improve the interfacial bonding between the fillers and the polymers whereas specifically synthesized functional homopolymers or copolymers have been utilized as well. In this article, we are reviewing a number of investigations, which studied the influence on the composite structure of various parameters like the compatilizer to inorganic ratio, the type and content of the functional groups and the molecular weight of the functional additive, the miscibility between the matrix polymer and the compatibilizer, the kind of surfactants modifying the inorganic surface, the processing conditions, etc. The most important results obtained utilizing maleic-anhydride-functionalized polyolefins are discussed first, whereas a summary is presented then of the studies performed utilizing other functional oligomers/polymers. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies supported by rheology indicate that the most important factor controlling the structure and the properties is the ratio of functional additive to organoclay whereas the miscibility between the matrix polymer and the compatibilizer is a prerequisite. 相似文献
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插层聚合聚丙烯-蒙脱土纳米复合材料的微观结构形态 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
使用偏光显微镜,扫描电镜,透射电镜和广角X射线衍射法研究了插层聚合法制备的聚丙烯-蒙脱土(PP-MMT)纳米复合材料的微观结构和形态发展。结果表明,随着插层聚合反应的进行,较大的初级MMT粒子逐渐剥离成较小的次级粒子。次级粒子由2-20片的单个MMT片层组成,其层间充满了PP分子链。提出了插层聚合过程中PP-MMT复合材料的形态发展模型。另外,MMT的加入对PP的球晶形态也有重要影响,PP完整的球晶随MMT的加入逐渐变小和趋于扭曲甚至破坏。 相似文献