内包碳化铁洋葱状富勒烯的合成和表征

自从Kr（ae）tschmer等发现宏观量制备富勒烯的方法以来,这种新型的球形碳质材料已经引起材料科学家愈来愈多的关注．特别是以洋葱状形态和包裹外来物质进入洋葱状富勒烯内部的碳质材料更是展现了这种新型碳材料的应用前景．     

三元金属二硫化物纳米管的制备

1992年和 1 993年 ,Tenne等[1,2 ] 先后报道了具有类富勒烯和纳米管状结构的 WS2 和无机类富勒烯 Mo S2 .此后 ,无机类富勒烯化合物的制备与合成成为国内外学者的关注热点之一 .但采用化学方法制备纳米金属二硫化物时 ,多面体或洋葱状结构的 Mo S2 或 WS2 晶体的形成概率小 (这与碳的情况相似 ,也许通过扩展反应区内的温度梯度可以增加形成上述两种结构的可能性 [3] ) .另外 ,采用气固相反应制备洋葱状 WS2 的过程中 ,当每批次的量超过 1 5g时 ,无机类富勒烯 (IF)纳米颗粒的质量降低 ;同时 ,若滤筛中粉末厚度过大 ,相当大的凝聚团块开…     

各种电沉积的过渡金属上的表面拉曼光谱

各种电沉积的过渡金属上的表面拉曼光谱高劲松，任斌，黄群健，田中群（厦门大学化学系，固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，物理化学研究所，厦门３６１００５）七十年代中期发现的表面增强拉曼散射（ＳＥＲＳ）效应，曾激起人们将拉曼光谱技术应用于表面（界面）吸附、结...     

Pt/洋葱状富勒烯催化剂的结构表征及生成机理研究

采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）制备了洋葱状富勒烯(onion-like fullerenes, OLFs)，并通过硝酸处理法对其进行了预处理。采用浸渍还原法，使用三种不同含量的甲醛（HCHO）为还原剂，制备了Pt/OLFs催化剂。XRD谱图表明使用过量HCHO有助于Pt晶粒的生长。高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）分析结果表明使用过量甲醛作还原剂制备的Pt/OLFs催化剂中Pt颗粒分散均匀、直径分布在2.5～3.5nm之间。实验证明过量HCHO在洋葱状富勒烯负载Pt过程中起到了重要的还原作用。     

基于在位光还原银胶法的表面增强拉曼散射技术检测核酸碱基

在环状有机物存在的条件下,Ag+经激光诱导可发生光还原反应,形成Ag原子聚集的银胶体.本研究通过拉曼散射光谱、紫外-可见光谱和扫描电镜证明,核酸碱基和Ag+混合溶液经过激光诱导可以生成银胶体颗粒.随着银胶体的生成,核酸碱基的拉曼光谱信号因为表面增强拉曼散射效应而得到明显增强.实验表明,本方法不但可以获得高信噪比的拉曼光...     

激光拉曼光谱(二)

四、在化学上的应用 1.拉曼光谱与红外光谱虽然红外光谱和拉曼光谱均属分子光谱的范畴,研究的对象也大致相同,然而在产生光谱的机理、实验技术、光谱的解析等方面有较大的差别。因此,我们先将两种光谱作一简要的比较。样品的分子吸收红外光源产生红外吸收光谱,对单色光源的散射产生拉曼光谱。吸收光谱和散射光谱都与分子的振动,转动和品格振动等物理过程相关。因此,与红外光谱一样,拉曼光谱也是研究分子(或晶格)振动光谱和分子转动光谱的一种方法。     

血卟啉衍生物(HpD)的表面增强共振拉曼光谱

近年来,采用光敏剂(H_pD)与光的协同效应,诊治癌肿疾病有了较大的进展,所以,研究其光谱特性是有其现实意义的。 用共振拉曼光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱所获得的散射强度,都比通常的拉曼光谱有几个数量级的增强,并可得到稀溶液(10~(-6)～10~(-3)mol/L)的高质量光谱,本文报道了8×10~(-3)mol/L HpD水溶液的共振拉曼光谱和5×10~(-5)mol/L HpD水溶液的表面增强共振拉曼光谱,结果表明,表面增强共振拉曼光谱比共振拉曼光谱的散射强度滴出三个量级。     

原位拉曼光谱技术用于反应和结晶控制研究进展

随着高分辨光谱技术和原位技术的发展,原位拉曼光谱的研制促进一系列原位微观物理化学行为及机理的研究,对材料的设计和应用有着重要意义.本文从拉曼光谱的原理及拉曼信号的影响因素出发,概述原位拉曼光谱技术用于反应和结晶控制的具体实例,总结原位拉曼光谱在化学反应和溶液结晶中晶体多态性、中间体和产物微观结构、化学键合模式等方面的研究进展,为研究反应及结晶机理提供重要线索,并对原位拉曼光谱技术的发展趋势进行了预测.     

银纳米粒子有序自组装体中偶联分子的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用自组装方法,分别以1,4-二巯基苯和对巯基苯胺为偶联分子,在光滑银基底表面上构筑了银纳米粒子的单层和双层有序结构.表面增强拉曼光谱研究表明,在有序银纳米粒子组装体中偶联分子的拉曼散射得到很大增强,其中1,4-对巯基苯的拉曼散射增强效应主要来自光滑银基底表面与单层银纳米粒子间的电磁耦合,而对巯基苯胺的拉曼散射增强效应则主要由两层银纳米粒子之间耦合作用所致.两种不同的耦合作用所产生的增强效应大致相近.     

丙氨酸晶体太赫兹振动光谱的实验和理论研究

利用太赫兹时域光谱和低频拉曼光谱仪研究了丙氨酸晶体在0.2-2.6 THz 范围内的太赫兹吸收和拉曼散射光谱. 研究表明: 在该低频范围有四个振动模式, 其中两个只具有拉曼活性, 其余两个同时具有红外和拉曼活性. 基于B3LYP杂化密度泛函的自洽场晶体轨道法对丙氨酸周期性结构进行了理论研究和光谱计算. 通过比较实验和理论结果, 指认了实验光谱特征峰所属的不可约表示. 通过理论计算得到的图形, 得出在此低频范围的振动模式主要包含分子间氢键的扭转和摇摆运动.     

One- and two-color photon echo peak shift studies of photosystem I

Wavelength-dependent one- and two-color photon echo peak shift spectroscopy was performed on the chlorophyll Qy band of trimeric photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Sub-100 fs energy transfer steps were observed in addition to longer time scales previously measured by others. In the main PSI absorption peak (675-700 nm), the peak shift decays more slowly with increasing wavelength, implying that energy transfer between pigments of similar excitation energy is slower for pigments with lower site energies. In the far-red region (715 nm), the decay of the peak shift is more rapid and is complete by 1 ps, a consequence of the strong electron-phonon coupling present in this spectral region. Two-color photon echo peak shift data show strong excitonic coupling between pigments absorbing at 675 nm and those absorbing at 700 nm. The one- and two-color peak shifts were simulated using the previously developed energy transfer model (J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 10251; Biophysical Journal 2003, 85, 140). The simulations agree well with the experimental data. Two-color photon echo peak shift is shown to be far more sensitive to variations in the molecular Hamiltonian than one-color photon echo peak shift spectroscopy.     

Mechanistic investigation of enediyne-connected amino ester rearrangement. Theoretical rationale for the exclusive preference for 1,6- or 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer depending on the substrate. A potential route to chiral naphthoazepines

Memory of chirality (MOC) and deuterium-labeling studies were used to demonstrate that the cascade rearrangement of enediyne-connected amino esters 1a and 1b evolved through exclusive 1,5- or 1,6-hydrogen atom transfer, subsequent to 1,3-proton shift and Saito-Myers cyclization, depending on the structure of the starting material. These results were independently confirmed by DFT theoretical calculations performed on model monoradicals. These calculations clearly demonstrate that in the alanine series, 1,5-hydrogen shift is kinetically favored over 1,6-hydrogen shift because of its greater exergonicity. In the valine series, the bulk of the substituent at the nitrogen atom has a major influence on the fate of the reaction. N-Tosylation increases the barrier to 1,5-hydrogen shift to the benefit of 1,6-hydrogen shift. The ready availability of 1,6-hydrogen atom transfer was explored as a potential route for the enantioselective synthesis of naphthoazepines.     

乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物氢键相互作用与链结构关系的变温溶液氢谱研究

用变温溶液核磁共振氢谱研究了不同组成的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物在二甲亚砜溶液中的氢键相互作用.结果表明,乙烯醇单元中羟基的信号随温度升高而线性地向高场位移,且不同的三单元组中羟基信号的位移速率不同,表明羟基形成的氢键强度与链结构间存在相关性.     

鱼油多烯脂肪酸乙酯的NMR表征

利用^1H、^13C核磁共振波谱,对鱼油多烯脂肪酸乙酯的结构进行了表征,并通过二维H－^1H相关谱（COSY）和^1H-^13C化学位移相关谱（HETCOR）对各共振峰进行了指认。     

Analysis of the temperature and pressure dependence of the 129Xe NMR chemical shift and signal intensity for the derivation of basic parameters of adsorption as applied to zeolite ZSM-5.

Temperature and pressure dependences of the 129Xe NMR chemical shift and the signal intensity have been investigated using ZSM-5 as an adsorbent under routine conditions without using any high-pressure or especially high-temperature facilities. The use of a rigorously shielded system and a calibration sample for the signal intensity was found to be valuable to obtain reliable data about the chemical shift and the signal intensity. The 129Xe NMR data obtained between 0.05 and 1.5 atm and from 24 to 80 degrees C were analyzed based on the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation as well as the Langmuir type equation. In both analyses, chemical shift data succeeded only partially in providing the profile of adsorption, such as energetic aspects, surface area, saturated amount of Xe adsorption and specific parameters of 129Xe chemical shift. It was shown that the reliable total analysis was achieved when the chemical shift data were used together with the intensity data. Such an analysis of the chemical shift data, aided by the intensity data, will be useful in performing nano-material analysis on 129Xe NMR without invoking the traditional methodology of gravimetric or volumetric adsorption experiments.     

Reaction pathways to dimer in polystyrene pyrolysis: A mechanistic modeling study

A detailed mechanistic model for polystyrene pyrolysis was created that built on a modeling framework developed in our previous work and was used to probe three competing pathways to dimer formation: benzyl radical addition, 1,3-hydrogen shift, and 7,3-hydrogen shift, based on recent literature reports. To incorporate the chemistry involved in the 7,3-hydrogen shift pathway, the 1,7- and 7,3-hydrogen shift reaction families were added to the model. The updated version of the model tracks 75 species and over 3500 reactions. Rate parameters for all families were specified based on our previous work, more recent literature reports, and regression against limited experimental data. The model was able to accurately predict the experimental results for polystyrene pyrolysis for different reactor configurations for a temperature range of 100 °C and two orders of magnitude of initial molecular weight for experimental data collected in our own lab and from Bouster and coworkers and Bockhorn and coworkers. The results from our model were studied using net rate analysis to gain insight into the competitiveness of the various reaction pathways to dimer formation. The net rate analysis demonstrated that 7,3-hydrogen shift is the dominant reaction pathway to dimer formation at the temperatures studied. Benzyl radical addition becomes a more competitive reaction pathway as the temperature increases, which is caused predominantly by an increase in the benzyl radical concentration with increasing temperature. Overall, it is quantitatively shown that both 7,3-hydrogen shift and benzyl radical addition are important pathways for dimer formation, with their relative competitiveness influenced by temperature.     

Solvent dependence of absorption and emission spectra of Ru(bpy)2(CN)2: experiment and explanation based on electronic structure theory

Measurements in acidic media and time-dependent density functional theory and DeltaSCF calculations were performed for Ru(bpy)2(CN)2 in 11 solvents of varying polarity to determine the solvent's influence on the absorption and emission spectra of the complex. The solvent effect caused by both the polarizable continuum nature of the solvent (characterized by the polarizable conductor model), and by the coordination of the cyano groups of the complex by solvent molecules were investigated. Both the absorption and emission maxima show a strong blue shift as the solute-solvent interaction increases, the magnitude of which is in good linear correlation with Gutmann's acceptor number of the solvent. The calculations reproduce the location, shape, and shift of the experimental metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands. The solvent shift is shown to be in good correlation with the charge difference between the Ru atom and the bpy ligand, which in turn is closely related to the HOMO energy. The coordination of the solvent molecule to the cyano group causes a smaller blue shift than the polarizable continuum solvent. The specific solute-solvent interaction becomes dominant, however, when the pH in a protic solvent is small and the complex is protonated.     

PMR Study of Molecular Complex Equilibrium in Solution 4-Substituted Nitrobenzenes with Aromatic Donors

4-Substituted nitrobenzenes, 4-X-C₆H₄NO₂ (where X=-Cl, -Br, -COCH₂, -CHO), complexed with methyl benzenes in inert solvent cyclohexane have been studied by PMR spectroscopy. Equilibrium constant and the chemical shift of pure complex were determind through observation of the A₂B₂ spectrum of ring protons in the electron acceptor compounds. Equilibrium constant and chemical shift of pure complex were evaluated separately on the basis of either chemical shift A or B. Unequal chemical shift of pure complex was obtained and used to discuss the geometry of complex.     

铁系高温变换催化剂上水煤气变换反应本征动力学的研究

采用活塞流管式积分反应器,在1.0 MPa压力下,对环境友好铁系无铬NBC-1型高温变换催化剂上变换反应本征动力学数据进行了测试。根据测定得到的数据,对幂函数动力学模型进行了模型参数估计和模型检验,得到了高度显著的动力学回归方程。从动力学方程可以得出:该高温变换催化剂上变换反应活化能比较低,因此其低温活性较好；该催化剂上H2O组分对反应速率的影响比较大；CO2对变换反应速率的抑制作用很大,因此为提高变换反应速率,应当设法减小CO2的不利影响；H2组分对反应速率的影响很小,在实际应用过程中,可以忽略。     

中药色谱指纹图谱相似度计算中保留时间校正方法的研究

从保留时间校正方法对线性推移、非线性推移和时间延迟的校正效果方面探讨了保留时间校正方法的适用范围。认为一点法校正仅能校正线性推移;两点法可以校正时间延迟和线性推移,并能部分校正非线性推移。多点法使用分段线性逼近的方法对非线性推移有良好的校正效果。