茶叶中7种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的检测方法

建立了一种同时测定茶叶中７种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的气相色谱方法,试样中的拟除虫菊酯酯农药残留经丙酮－水（体积比８：１）体系萃取,正己烷反萃取,然后用乙腈萃取,弗罗里硅土柱净化,以ＧＣ－ＥＣＧ方法测定,外标法定量。实验表明,试样中添加质量分数（ｗ）０．０１＊１０＾－６－１．０＊１０＾－６含量水平的联苯菊酯,氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯,方法回收率为７５．０％－１０３．０％,最小检测含量０．１＊１０＾－７（ｗ）;试样中添加０．００２＊１０＾－６－０．２０＊１０＾－６含量水平的甲氰菊酯,方法回收率为９２．０％－１００．０％,最小检测含量０．２＊１０＾－８（ｗ）;试样中添加０．００１＊１０＾－６－０．１０＾－６含量水平的三氟氯氰菊酯,方法回收率为９６．０％－１０２．０％,最小检测含量０．１＊１０＾－８（ｗ）。同     

用胶束荧光法监测丹参酮ⅡA的血药浓度

以十二烷基磺酸钠（ＳＬＳ）为胶束试剂,在优化的实验条件下,对兔体血浆中丹参酮ⅡＡ的血药浓度进行了２４ｈ的连续监测,检出限为１．２＊１０＾－９ｇ／ｍＬ,血中丹参酮ⅡＡ的含量在２．８１＊１０＾－６－０．３０＊１０＾－６ｇ／ｍＬ之间。该法简便、灵敏、效果良好。     

流动注射化学发光抑制法测定抗坏血酸

基于抗坏血酸对Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ－ＫＩＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ２体系化学发光反应的抑制作用,建立了化学发光抑制快速测定抗坏血酸的新方法。该方法线性范围为１．０＊１０＾－７－１．０＊１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,检出限为６．０＊１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,对８．０＊１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ抗坏血酸１１次平行测定的相对标准偏差为１．０％。用于维生素Ｃ片剂及注射液中抗坏血酸含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

流动注射化学发光测定盐酸土霉素

水浴加热后的盐酸土霉素在磷酸介质中,过氧化氢存在下与高碘酸钠反应产生强烈的化学发光。结合流动注射技术建立了一种测定盐酸土霉纱的化学发光新方法。方法的线性范围为１．０＊１０＾－８－６．０＊１０＾－６ｇ／ｍＬ盐酸土霉素。检出限为４．３＊１０＾－９ｇ／ｍＬ,ＲＳＤ为２．５％（Ｃｓ＝２．０＊１０＾－６ｇ／ｍＬ;ｎ＝１１）。     

HPLC-化学发光法测定注射液中的氢化可的松

样品经ＨＰＬＣ分离后,利用氢化可的松对Ｃｅ（ＩＶ）－ＳＯ＾－２３化学发光体系的增敏作用,在色谱柱为Ｃ１８氰基柱,水：乙腈８０：２０（体积分数）为流动相的条件下,实现了对氢化可的松的分离与测定,方法的线性范围为４＊１０＾－６－１＊１０＾－３ｇ／ｍＬ,检出限为９＊１０＾－７ｇ／ｍＬ,相对标准偏差３．６％（ｎ＝１１）。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定临床样品微量砷和硒

研究了氢化物原子荧光法测定临床床样品全血，血清，胎盘，头发，指甲和尿液中微量Ａｓ和Ｓｅ的方法。线性范围为Ａｓ１．３＊１０＾－９－２．５＊１０＾－７ｇ／ｍＬ，Ｓｅ２．８＊１０＾１０－７．５＊１０＾－８ｇ／ｍＬ；相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１３）Ａｓ２．６－３．６％，Ｓｅ２．８－４．２％；Ａｓ、Ｓｅ的标准加入回收率为９６．７－１０４．２％，用于６种临床样品中Ａｓ、Ｓｅ测定，获得满意的结果。     

KBrO3—KBr紫外分光光度法测定痕量水杨酸

研究了ＨＣｌ溶液中ＫＢｒＯ３－ＫＢｒ紫外分光光度法测定水杨酸的条件,建立了测定痕量水杨酸的新方法。结果表明,在０．６ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ,３＊１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＢｒＯ３,５＊１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＢｒ,６＊１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／ｌＫＩ溶中测定水杨酸,其线性范围为０．２－４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,表观摩尔吸光系数为１．９＊１０＾－４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１,Ｓａｎｄｅｌｌ为７．３μｇ／ｃｍ＾２。ｓｇ ｉｆ ｅ     

碳糊电极的吸附／萃取行为及电化学测定美托托宁

报道了碳糊电极测定吲哚类神经化学物质美拉托宁（ＭＬＴＮ）的灵敏电化学分析方法。该经物在电极上开路吸附／萃取预富集后,进行阳极溶出伏安测定,在０．７０Ｖ附近显示了氧化溶出峰。ＭＬＴＮ在２．０＊１０＾－６－１．０＊１０＾－２ｇ／Ｌ范围内峰电流与浓度呈线性关系,检测限可达１．５＊１０＾－７ｇ／Ｌ。该法具有较强的抗干扰能力,在适当条件下ＶＢ６不干扰ＭＬＴＮ的测定。直接测定片剂中的ＭＬＴＮ含量,平均回收率为９８％。本文了探讨了有机化合物在碳糊电极上的富集和溶出机理,发现碳糊电极对有机药物具有强烈的萃取和吸附作用,计时库仑法研究表明萃取在富集过程中起着主要作用。     

美洛昔康的单扫示波极谱法

在ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ（ｐＨ４．７６）底液中,用单扫示波极谱法可以得到一个灵敏的美洛昔康二阶导数还原峰,其峰电位Ｅｎｐ＝－１．２８Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）。峰电流与美洛昔康 度在９．０＊１０＾－８－６．０＊１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系（ｒ＝０．９９９４）检出限为３．０＊１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该法应用于片剂中美洛昔康含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

发铜值对妇科肿瘤的诊断意义

为探讨发铜值对妇科肿瘤的诊断意义,取妇科肿瘤患者头发,经清洁并加酸处理后,加标准溶液,用微分电位溶出法,测定微量元素铜的含量。结果表明所有患者头发中,微量元素铜含量均低于正常值１０＊１０＾－６,恶性肿瘤患者低于８．５＊１０＾－６。提示妇科肿瘤患者发铜值过低,应警慢恶性肿瘤。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.