TiO2超微粒子的量子尺寸效应与光吸收特性

利用Ｒａｍａｎ激光光谱,ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ,ＳＥＭ和ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ等手段研究了ＴｉＯ２超微粒子的量子尺寸效应与光吸收特性。结果发现：Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）４在较低ｐＨ值的水解条件下制得的ＴｉＯ２溶胶粒径为５～１０ｎｍ;随着热处理温度的升高,ＴｉＯ２微粒的粒径增大,经４７３～６７３Ｋ热处理得到的ＴｉＯ２超微粒子粒径为１０～２０ｎｍ,呈不规整的锐钛矿型结构。ＴｉＯ２的拉曼峰随热处理温度升高而发生红移,表现出量子尺寸     

TiO2纳米粒子膜表面性质的研究

ＴｉＯ_２纳米粒子膜在光催化降解大气和水中的污染物［１］、光电转换［２］、光致变色［３］等方面有广阔的应用前景,近年来受到了科学界的高度重视．研究表明,膜的表面性质对如上应用有着重要影响．本文采用等离子体化学气相沉积法（ＰＥＣＶＤ法）［４］制备了ＴｉＯ２的纳米粒子膜,分别采用ＴｉＣｌ４等离子体或Ｏ２等离子体处理膜表面,获得两种不同表面性质的ＴｉＯ２纳米粒子膜;并利用表面光电压谱（ＳＰＳ）和电场诱导表面光电压谱（ＥＦＩＳＰＳ）技术对膜的表面性质进行具体分析,探讨了其在光催化领域的可能应用．１实验部…     

纳米TiO_2微胶粒的光化反应制备机理及量子尺寸效应

研究了由水相Ｔｉ３＋制备纳米极ＴｉＯ２微胶粒的光化反应机理及反应动力学，给出反应速率方程，讨论了ＴｉＯ２微胶粒的量子尺寸效应，经电镜测试ＴｉＯ２粒子的直径为１５～２５ｎｍ，反应过程中由气相色谱仪监测生成物Ｈ２。     

TiO2负载膜的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了ＴｉＯ２纳米浸渍 法将其负载于颗粒形活性炭的表面制成ＴｉＯ２负载,利用ＳＥＭ,ＥＤＳ和ＸＲＤ等手段对膜的形貌、均匀性及晶型等进行了表征,并通过甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解反应考察了该负载膜的光催化活性。     

纳米TiO2微胶粒的光化应制备机理及量子尺寸效应

研究了由水相Ｔｉ＾３＋制备纳米极Ｔｉ＾Ｏ２微胶粒的光化反应机理及反应动力学，给出反应速率方程。讨论了ＴｉＯ２微胶粒的量子尺寸效应，经电镜测试ＴｉＯ２粒子的直径为１５－２５ｎｍ。反应过程中由气相色谱仪监测生成物Ｈ２。     

二氧化钛纳米微粒的制备与光催化活性

本文采用溶液－凝胶法制备了粒径为１０－２０ｎｍ左右的二氧化钛纳米微粒。用ＸＲＤ研究了二氧化钛溶胶的热处理过程,研究表明温度在４７３Ｋ－６７３Ｋ左右ＴｉＯ２向量 粒呈不规整锐钛矿结构,粒径约为１０－２０ｎｍ。在８７３Ｋ左右ＴｉＯ２微粒出现锐钛矿与金红石型混晶结构。     

4-氯酚在TiO2纳米膜上光催化降解及反应动力学特征

氯酚(ＣＰ)化合物被广泛应用于木材防腐、金属防锈及杀虫剂等,因其毒性大、难降解,对环境造成严重污染[1,2]。目前用于ＣＰ的光催化降解的ＴｉＯ2粉体悬浮体系,催化剂不易回收利用。本文采用Ｓｏｌ Ｇｅｌ法制备的负载型ＴｉＯ2纳米粒子膜作为光催化剂,对4 ＣＰ进行了降解实验研究。同时应用ＸＲＤ法表征了不同实验条件下薄膜中ＴｉＯ2的晶相结构和粒度,考察了不同层数ＴｉＯ2膜的光催化活性,并对4 ＣＰ的降解条件及反应动力学特征进行了探讨。1　实验部分1.1　玻璃负载ＴｉＯ2膜的制备与表征[3-5]按照钛酸四丁酯∶无水乙醇∶水=3∶12∶…     

TiO2-Al2O3复合载体的比较研究

对用混胶法和共沉淀法分别制备的ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合载体（ＴｉＯ２含量为０．０８ｇ／ｇγ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）进行了对比研究，采用的表征方法有ＸＲＤ，ＸＲＳ，ＬＲＳ等，得出的结论如下：两种载体均保持了γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的骨架结构，但ＴｉＯ２的分散状态不尽相同，混胶样品中ＴｉＯ２主要以表面富集的形式分散在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面，这有利于集二者的优点于一体，共沉淀样品中ＴｉＯ２趋于整个体相均匀分散，这有利于相互作用     

铁酸锌纳米晶体材料的制备

以ＦｅＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ和ＺｎＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ为原料，首先制备出晶粒细小的碱式碳酸盐前驱体，在３００—７００℃焙烧１ｈ后，制备出ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４纳米粒子。经ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ检测，粒径约５－２５ｎｍ，粒度均匀。     

TiO2薄膜光催化降解4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚的研究

为了探索有机物４－（２－吡啶偶氮）间苯二酚（ＰＡＲ）,在固定光催化剂上的降解行为,采用溶胶一凝胶法,在玻璃表面制得均匀透明的纳米ＴｉＯ２薄膜,并以其作光催化剂,在２５４ｎｍ紫外光照射下,进行ＰＡＲ水溶液的光催化降解研究。研究了ＰＡＲ光催化降解率与溶液ｐＨ值、ＰＡＲ初始浓度、助催化剂（Ｈ２Ｏ２）浓度和不同光照条件的变化关系,得出了ＴｉＯ２薄膜的光催化降解ＰＡＲ的有利条件。     

晶粒大小的测定

介绍了晶粒大小的测定方法和仪器宽度b的测定方法及其对晶粒大小的影响     

粒度分析及粒度标准物质研究进展

综述了当前粒度分析测试方法的研究进展,并简单介绍了各种测试方法的基本原理以及包括美国、欧洲、中国在内的国家和地区在粒度标准物质方面的研究概况。     

渣油中沥青质分子颗粒尺寸及其胶粒模型研究

分别以苯和硝基苯为溶剂测定了大庆、胜利、孤岛和辽河减压渣油沥青质、胶质和芳香分的分子量；依据球形分子模型计算了这些物质的分子尺寸；构筑了渣油中沥青质胶粒（胶团）模型，并依此计算了渣油中沥青质胶粒尺寸。结果表明，以硝基苯为溶剂所测沥青质分子量更能反应沥青质化学结构的实质；就原始沥青质来说，以苯为溶剂测得的沥青质分子直径为3.8 nm～5.0 nm,以氯代苯为溶剂测得的分子直径为3.2 nm～3.7 nm,以硝基苯为溶剂测得的分子直径为2.8 nm～3.2 nm；辽河、胜利与大庆减压渣油中沥青质的胶粒直径为10.0 nm～11.0 nm，孤岛减压渣油中沥青质的胶粒直径为9.0 nm～10.0 nm。     

INDUSTRIAL NEWS

Interactions between monolayers of trilaurylamine (TLA) and various water-soluble corrosion, hydrate and scale inhibitors, as well as acetic acid and FeCl₂, have been studied by means of the Langmuir technique, The water-soluble compounds were present in the subphase before TLA was spread. Their influence on the monolayer properties were measured by means of surface pressure-area ( k-A) isotherms and constant surface pressure-area relaxation measurements. All the added water soluble species gave rise to monolayer expansion. The monolayer expansion observed for TLA at pH 1, increased when FeCl₂ was added to the subphase at the same pH. Polyethyleneglycols with molecular weight higher than 200 destabilized totally the TLA-monolayer, probably due to bending and folding into multilayers. Monolayer expansion and film instability increased with increased acetic acid concentrations. The destabilization mechanism in this case was most likely due to a combination of nucleation and dissolution of film components into the subphase. The corrosion inhibitor Dyno KI 384 had a higher surface activity than TLA. Hence the monolayer     

Achieving high yield of Ti3C2Tx MXene few-layer flakes with enhanced pseudocapacior performance by decreasing precursor size

Ti₃C₂T_x, a most studied member of MXene family, shows promise as a candidate electrode for pseudocapacitor due to its electronic conductivity and hydrophilic surface. However, the unsatisfactory yield of Ti₃C₂T_x few-layer flakes significantly restricted it in real applications. Here, we proposed a simple solution to boost the yield of Ti₃C₂T_x few-layer flakes by decreasing precursor size. When using the small 500 mesh Ti₃AlC₂ powders as raw material, high yield of 65% was successfully achieved. Moreover, the as-received small flakes also exhibit an enhanced pseudocapacior performance owing to their excellent electrical conductivity, expanded interlayer space and more O content on the surface. This work not only sheds light on the cost effective mass production of Ti₃C₂T_x few-layer flakes, but also provides an efficient solution for the design of MXene electrodes with high pseudocapacior performance.     

Structural characteristics of pyrocarbon-fumed silica

Two series of pyrocarbon/fumed silica (CS) samples at different carbon concentrations C_C=0.5–64 wt.% (first series, CSI) and 2.6–53 wt.% (second series, CSII) synthesised by means of pyrolysis of CH₂Cl₂ at fumed silica substrate (S_BET=297 (CSI) and 232 (CSII) m² g⁻¹) under slightly different conditions were studied by using TEM, FTIR-PAS, DTG, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption methods. On methylene chloride carbonisation, disordered carbon deposits can form mainly in the inter-particle volume of secondary particles (aggregates of primary particles and agglomerates of aggregates) covering the surfaces of primary silica particles; therefore, marked reduction of the pore (gaps between primary particles) volume and the specific surface area is observed with increasing C_C. Estimation of distributions of the pore f_SCD(R_p) and particle f(a) sizes using a self-consistent method with binary regularisation with respect to both f_SCD(R_p) and f(a) shows that the average size of particles increases (silica particles are covered by pyrocarbon) and individual pyrocarbon particles (up to 50 nm according to TEM) also appear. Structural parameters of carbosils are characterised by nonlinear changes with increasing carbonisation time. Surface functionalities on CS samples correspond to aromatic and twinned CC bonds with contribution of oxygen-containing groups.     

制备单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球共聚合动力学和粒径的研究

粒子粒径分布;制备单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球共聚合动力学和粒径的研究     

微纳米金属有机骨架材料的制备及形貌调控

金属有机骨架材料(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)由于具有超高的比表面积和孔隙率、孔径大小和结构可调等优点,在能源、催化和生物医药等领域引起了人们广泛的重视。近年来,微纳米MOFs的可控制备成为了一个新的研究热点。本文总结了微纳米MOFs的合成方法、形貌调控以及应用方面的研究成果,并对其未来研究进行了展望。     

Predicting isotherms in micropores for different molecules and temperatures from a known isotherm by improved Horvath-Kawazoe equations

Our improved Horvath-Kawazoe (H-K) equations (by considering the isotherm nonlinearity) for three pore geometries are first summarized. These equations apply to adsorption in microporous materials at subcritical temperatures. From a known isotherm at a given temperature, these equations are used to predict isotherms of the same adsorbate molecules at other temperatures, and also to predict isotherms for other adsorbate molecules at the same (or any subcritical) temperature. A reasonable agreement is obtained between predictions and experimental data. Since the H-K formulation only involves dispersion forces, it underpredicts for gas-solid systems in which other forces also exist. The N₂-zeolite system is one of these systems.     

Size Modulation of Polymeric Nanoparticles under Controlled Dynamics of Microemulsion Droplets

Polyacrylamide nanoparticles of different size (<100 nm) were prepared in reverse micelles under various dynamic conditions of micellar systems. The nanoparticles were always larger than the aqueous core in which they were formed; however, the size of the nanoparticles could be controlled if the interdroplet interaction and coalescence rate in reverse micelles were regulated. Factors such as interfacial rigidity of the droplets, size of the aqueous core, temperature, and concentrations of acrylamide (monomer) andN,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent) have a profound effect on the size of nanoparticles. By adjustment of these parameters in reverse micelles, nanoparticles ranging from about 10 to more than 100 nm have been prepared.