纳米复合Sb_2O_3/TiO_2的光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合纳米 Sb2O3/TiO2。 Sb2O3掺入浓度越大,催化剂中锐钛矿相含量越高,晶粒直径与颗粒直径越小,比表面积越大。在 380～ 460nm范围内, Sb2O3/TiO2的反射率则减弱,表明光吸收增强。 XPS分析表明：掺入 2％ Sb2O3,出现新的 Ti2p3/2峰,对应于 Ti3＋,占 9.13％;锑以 Sb3＋、 Sb5＋两种形式存在, Sb5＋占 84.42％、 Sb3＋占 17.58％。以亚甲基蓝溶液光催化降解为模型反应,掺入 2％、 5％ Sb2O3,亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化脱色降解一级动力学常数与总有机炭（ TOC）去除率增大。发射光谱证明： Sb2O3的最佳比例为 2％,当其比例大于 2％时,其电子空穴对的复合率升高,光催化活性下降。     

纳米复合Y2O3／TiO2的制备、表征及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备复合半导体Y2O3／TiO2,掺入Y2O3会阻碍锐钛矿晶相的出现,掺入浓度越大,TiO2锐钛矿（101）峰强度减小越大,平均晶粒直径与颗粒直径减小,比表面积增大;Y2O3／TiO2具有高热稳定性与高比表面积,由于量子尺寸效应,掺入Y2O3使光催化剂的拉曼峰发生微小位移,在380－460nm范围内,使反射率增强,以亚甲基蓝与甲基橙溶液光 经降解为模型反应,掺入Y2O3,复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化脱色降解一级动力学常数明显低于纯TiO2的;掺入5％的10％Y2O3,复合光催化剂对甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色降解一有动力学均常数高于纯TiO2的,掺入浓度太高反而有害,讨论了掺入Y2O3后光物理性质的变化与其光催化活性的关系。     

纳米复合Y_2O_3/TiO_2的制备、表征及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶 凝胶法制备复合半导体Y2 O3/TiO2 。掺入Y2 O3会阻碍锐钛矿晶相的出现 ,掺入浓度越大 ,TiO2 锐钛矿 (10 1)峰强度减小越大、平均晶粒直径与颗粒直径减小、比表面积增大 ;Y2 O3/TiO2 具有高热稳定性与高比表面积 ,由于量子尺寸效应 ,掺入Y2 O3使光催化剂的拉曼峰发生微小位移 ,在 3 80～ 460nm范围内 ,使反射率增强。以亚甲基蓝与甲基橙溶液光催化降解为模型反应 ,掺入Y2 O3,复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化脱色降解一级动力学常数明显低于纯TiO2 的 ;掺入 5 %和 10 %Y2 O3,复合光催化剂对甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色降解一级动力学均常数高于纯TiO2 的 ,掺入浓度太高反而有害。讨论了掺入Y2 O3后光物理性质的变化与其光催化活性的关系     

磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的制备

以磁性CoFe2O4为核,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法,制备了磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料.利用VSM(振动样品磁强计)技术对其磁性能进行了研究,结果表明:由该法所得的TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的饱和磁化强度虽稍弱于纯CoFe2O4纳米材料,但其矫顽力则优于CoFe2O4.TEM、XRD、UV-Vis等的结果表明,该纳米复合材料中的TiO2为锐钛矿结构;与TiO2相比,纳米复合材料对光的吸收拓展到了整个紫外-可见区,且吸收强度大大增强.对染料废水光催化降解的模拟研究表明,该复合材料在紫外光下,6 h可以使亚甲基蓝染料溶液的脱色率达95%,且重复使用3次时染料溶液的脱色率仍能保持在90%,明显优于纯TiO2.     

Bi2O3 /TiO2复合纳米颗粒的可见光光催化性能

采用溶胶与水热相结合的方法合成了具有可见光光催化活性的复合纳米颗粒Bi2O3/TiO2,并对其进行了X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射谱、红外光谱、低温N2吸附脱附及电子顺磁共振分析。结果表明,复合少量的氧化铋可显著抑制TiO2由锐钛矿到金红石的相转移过程,并将光吸收范围扩展到可见光区。可见光照射下(λ>420 nm),利用电子顺磁共振技术检测到明显的羟基自由基(.OH)信号。铋的最佳掺杂量为Bi/Ti质量比2.0%,适量铋的掺入能显著改善锐钛矿TiO2的结晶度,抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高光催化量子效率。通过可见光照射下,4-氯酚的降解实验测试Bi2O3/TiO2复合纳米颗粒的可见光光催化活性。同时,利用气-质联用仪对4-氯酚降解过程的中间产物进行了测定,并提出可见光照射下的Bi2O3光敏化机理。     

WO3/TiO2纳米材料的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备WO3/TiO2复合纳米光催化剂,掺入WO3、TiO2锐钛矿101峰的相对强度、平均晶粒直径与颗粒直径均减小,比表面积增大;WO3掺入摩尔比分别为2%、5%、8%时,新的LRS峰位分别出现在797、967及969cm-1;在380-460nm范围内,WO3/TiO2的反射率减小,XPS分析表明,WO3/TiO2晶体中存在W6+、W5+、W4+、和Ti4+、Ti3+。以亚甲基兰的光催化降解为反应模型,掺入WO3后,光催化活性增强,掺入摩尔比为2%时,WO3/TiO2的光催化活性最高。还讨论了光催化活性与性质的关系。     

Sb2O3／TiO2纳米复合物的合成及性质研究

以改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了Sb2O3／TiO2纳米复合物,用扫描电镜、X射线粉末衍射、傅立叶红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱以及荧光等测试技术对产物进行了分析和表征．结果表明：所得纳米复合物颗粒分散均匀,具有锐钛矿相结构,平均粒径约为10nm．还研究了所得产物的光催化性质、电化学性质及电化学发光行为．结果表明：Sb2O3的掺入可以提高TiO2的光催化效果,当反应物中m（Sb2O3）／m（TiO2）=10％时,所得纳米复合物对亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的光催化效果最好．     

Sn4+掺杂TiO2中空纤维材料的制备及光催化性能

以Ti(OCH2CH2CH2CH3)4为钛源,脱脂棉花纤维为模板,利用浸渍-热转化两步法制备了具有中空结构的Sn4+掺杂TiO2光催化纤维材料(Sn4+/TiO2),利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)等技术对其晶体结构、形貌、尺寸、光吸收特性等进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应,考察了样品Sn4+/TiO,在太阳光下的光催化性能.结果表明:利用该法制得的Sn4+/TiO2材料具有中空纤维结构;煅烧温度影响材料Sn4+/TiO2的相结构、组成、尺寸、形貌以及催化性能;Sn4+的掺入能够显著改善TiO2在太阳光条件下的催化性能,600℃煅烧2h所得的Sn4+掺杂量x=0.29％的TiO2中空纤维材料具有最佳的光催化活性,太阳光下2h即可使MB溶液的脱色降解率达97.28％;重复使用5次仍可使MB溶液的脱色降解率保持在90％以上,且该催化剂材料易于离心分离去除.     

太阳光活性的ZnTiO3 /TiO2纳米复合催化材料的制备及其表征

通过溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法制备了ZnTiO3/TiO2纳米复合光催化剂,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FTIR)和ζ电位等技术进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解为模型反应,考察了煅烧条件对复合材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明:600℃下焙烧3 h时所得样品具有最佳的光催化效果。如太阳光下7 h可使MB溶液的脱色降解率达92.9%,而TiO2的催化脱色率仅为68.9%;该催化剂还具有良好的稳定性能,重复使用5次后仍能保持MB溶液的脱色降解率在80%以上,且该催化剂易于离心分离去除。样品的结构缺陷-氧空位和TiO2-ZnTiO3相结与其催化性能有密切关系。     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2(锐钛)的超声制备及降解染料的研究

采用超声法,在80℃下,制备了H3PW12O40/TiO2(锐钛)复合催化剂,并采用XRD、FT-IR等方法对样品进行了表征。通过染料刚果红和亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物的光催化降解实验考察了复合催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,在太阳光下,复合光催化剂的催化活性高于单体TiO2,H3PW12O40/TiO2(锐钛)在90min内,对溶液中刚果红的去除率达99.17%,对亚甲基蓝溶液的TOC去除率达73.17%。复合催化剂在反复实验5次后,仍能保持有效的催化性能。     

Intermolecular forces for D2, N2, O2, F2 and CO2

The intermolecular potentials for D₂, N₂, O₂, F₂ and CO₂ are determined on the basis of the second virial coeffincients, the polarizabilities parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axes, and the electric quadrupole moment. The repulsive parts of the potentials are taken from the corresponding Kihara core-potentials. Effects of the octopolar induction are taken into consideration in a unique way. The potential depends on relative orientations of the two molecules as well as the distance r between the molecular centers. This dependence is shown in graphs. A measure of the anisotropy of the potential depth is 0.72 for CO₂ 0.36 for D₂, and smaller than 0.27 for N₂ O₂ and F₂. The remarkable anisotropy for CO₂ and D₂ is due to strong electrostatic quadrupole interactions.     

配合物[Cu(H2O)(C12H8N2)2].2ClO4的合成、性质及晶体结构

合成了配合物[Cu(H2O)(C12H8N2)2]*2ClO4(C12H8N2为1,10-邻菲咯啉),用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱及电子光谱进行了表征,并测定了配合物的晶体结构.该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为CC;晶胞参数a=1.9177(2)nm,b=0.81994(0)nm,c=1.62458(14)nm,β=100.104(6)°;V=2.5419(4)nm3,Z=4,F(000)=1300,DC=1.693g/cm3,R=0.0430,wR=0.1195.中心铜(Ⅱ)离子与两个1,10-邻菲咯啉的四个N原子和一个水分子的氧原子配位,形成了一个变形的三角双锥结构.     

Ba3 (VO4)2-K2 Ba(MoO4)2 and Pb3 (VO4)2-K2 Pb(MoO4)2 systems

Phase equilibria in the Ba₃(VO₄)₂-K₂Ba(MoO₄)₂ and Pb3(VO₄)₂-K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂ systems have been investigated. In the first system, a continuous series of substitutional solid solutions with the palmierite structure is formed, and in the second one, the polymorphic transition in lead orthovanadate at 100°C restricts the extent of the palmierite-type solid solution to 10–100 mol % K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂. Original Russian Text ? V.D. Zhuravlev, Yu.A. Velikodnyi, A.S. Vinogradova-Zhabrova, A.P. Tyutyunnik, V.G. Zubkov, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 1746–1748.     

The preparation of NbH5(Me2PCH2CH2Me2)2 and NbHL2(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)2 (L = CO or C2H4)

MMe₅(dmpe) (M = Nb or Ta, dmpe = Me₂PCH₂CH₂PMe₂) reacts with H₂ (500 atm) and dmpe in THF at 60°C to give MH₅(dmpe)_2? NbH₅(dmpe)₂ readily reacts with two mol of CO or ethylene (L) to give NbHL₂(dmpe)₂. The exchange of the hydride ligand with the ethylene protons in NbH(C₂H₄)₂(dmpe)₂ is not rapid on the ¹H NMR time scale (60 MHz) at 95°C.     

Phase transitions in Ca3(BN2)2 and Sr3(BN2)2

α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ crystallizes in the cubic system (space group: ) with one type of calcium ions disordered over of equivalent (8c) positions. An ordered low-temperature phase (β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂) was prepared and found to crystallize in the orthorhombic system (space group: Cmca) with lattice parameters: , , and . Structure refinements on the basis of X-ray powder data have revealed that orthorhombic β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ corresponds to an ordered super-structure of cubic α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂. The space group Cmca assigned for β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ is derived from by a group-subgroup relationship.DSC measurements and temperature-dependent in situ X-ray powder diffraction studies showed reversible phase transitions between β- and α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ with transition temperatures between 215 and 240 °C.The structure Sr₃(BN₂)₂ was reported isotypic with α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ () with one type of strontium ions being disordered over of equivalent (2c) positions. In addition, a primitive () structure has been reported for Sr₃(BN₂)₂. Phase stability studies on Sr₃(BN₂)₂ revealed a phase transition between a primitive and a body-centred lattice around 820 °C. The experiments showed that both previously published structures are correct and can be assigned as α-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, high-temperature phase), and β-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, low-temperature phase).A comparison of Ca₃(BN₂)₂ and Sr₃(BN₂)₂ phases reveals that the different types of cation disordering present in both of the cubic α-phases () have a directing influence on the formation of two distinct (orthorhombic and cubic) low-temperature phases.     

Conversion of NO in NO/N2, NO/O2/N2, NO/C2H4/N2 and NO/C2H4/O2/N2 Systems by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas

An experimental study on the conversion of NO in the NO/N₂, NO/O₂/N₂, NO/C₂H₄/N₂ and NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ systems has been carried out using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In the NO/N₂ system, NO decomposition to N₂ and O₂ is the dominating reaction; NO conversion to NO₂ is less significant. O₂ produced from NO decomposition was detected by an on-line mass spectrometer. With the increase of NO initial concentration, the concentration of O₂ produced decreases at 298 K, but slightly increases at 523 K. In the NO/O₂/N₂ system, NO is mainly oxidized to NO₂, but NO conversion becomes very low at 523 K and over 1.6% of O₂. In the NO/C₂H₄/N₂ system, NO is reduced to N₂ with about the same NO conversion as that in the NO/N₂ system but without NO₂ formation. In the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system, the oxidation of NO to NO₂ is dramatically promoted. At 523 K, with the increase of the energy density, NO conversion increases rapidly first, and then almost stabilizes at 93–91% of NO conversion with 61–55% of NO₂ selectivity in the energy density range of 317–550 J L⁻¹. It finally decreases gradually at high energy density. A negligible amount of N₂O is formed in the above four systems. Of the four systems studied, NO conversion and NO₂ selectivity of the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system are the highest, and NO/O₂/C₂H₄/N₂ system has the lowest electrical energy consumption per NO molecule converted.     

Zur Trennung von H2, O2, N2, NO, CO, N2O, CO2, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, NO2(N2O4) und Feuchtigkeit

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Formation of [Cp2TiSbMe2]2, [Cp2TiSb(SiMe3)2]2 and [Cp2TiCl]2·2Mes4Sb2

Reactions of [Cp₂Ti(btmsa)] (btmsa = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene) with R₄Sb₂ (R = Me, Me₃Si) give [Cp₂TiSbMe₂]₂ (1) or [Cp₂TiSb(SiMe₃)₂]₂ (2) respectively. [Cp₂TiCl]₂·2Mes₄Sb₂ (3) is serendipitously formed from [Cp₂Ti(btmsa)] and Mes₂SbH containing NH₄Cl traces.     

Synthesis and structural investigation of the compounds containing HF2 anions: Ca(HF2)2, Ba4F4(HF2)(PF6)3 and Pb2F2(HF2)(PF6)

Three new compounds Ca(HF₂)₂, Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) were obtained in the system metal(II) fluoride and anhydrous HF (aHF) acidified with excessive PF₅. The obtained polymeric solids are slightly soluble in aHF and they crystallize out of their aHF solutions. Ca(HF₂)₂ was prepared by simply dissolving CaF₂ in a neutral aHF. It represents the second known compound with homoleptic HF environment of the central atom besides Ba(H₃F₄)₂. The compounds Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) represent two additional examples of the formation of a polymeric zigzag ladder or ribbon composed of metal cation and fluoride anion (MF⁺)_n besides PbF(AsF₆), the first isolated compound with such zigzag ladder. The obtained new compounds were characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction method and partly by Raman spectroscopy. Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ crystallizes in a triclinic space group P1¯ with a=4.5870(2) Å, b=8.8327(3) Å, c=11.2489(3) Å, α=67.758(9)°, β=84.722(12), γ=78.283(12)°, V=413.00(3) Å³ at 200 K, Z=1 and R=0.0588. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 200 K: space group P1¯, a=4.5722(19) Å, b=4.763(2) Å, c=8.818(4) Å, α=86.967(10)°, β=76.774(10)°, γ=83.230(12)°, V=185.55(14) ų, Z=1 and R=0.0937. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 293 K: space group P1¯, a=4.586(2) Å, b=4.781(3) Å, c=8.831(5) Å, α=87.106(13)°, β=76.830(13)°, γ=83.531(11)°, V=187.27(18) Å³, Z=1 and R=0.072. Ca(HF₂)₂ crystallizes in an orthorhombic Fddd space group with a=5.5709(6) Å, b=10.1111(9) Å, c=10.5945(10) Å, V=596.77(10) Å³ at 200 K, Z=8 and R=0.028.     

Vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the systems C2H6 + N2, C2H4 + N2, C3H8 + N2, and C3H6 + N2

High pressure vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the C₂H₆ + N₂, C₂H₄ + N₂, C₃H₈ + N₂, and C₃H₆ + N₂ systems are presented. The data are obtained isothermally in the range from 200 K to 290 K. For each point of data, temperature, pressure and liquid and vapour phase mole fractions are measured.Values for the vapour phase mole fractions are calculated from the obtained pressure, temperature and liquid phase mole fractions. The calculated values are compared with the experimental results, and it is found that the average mean deviation between calculated and experimental mole fractions is less than 0.009 for the systems considered in this work.