吹扫捕集/气相色谱－同位素比值质谱联用测定水体中痕量苯系物单体碳同位素

建立了吹扫捕集（P&T）/气相色谱－同位素比值质谱（GC/C－IRMS）联用测定水体中痕量苯系物单体碳同位素的方法。优化了吹扫时间、吹扫温度和干吹时间,确定最优吹扫捕集效率,并通过测试不同质量浓度的苯系物水溶液,计算水体中痕量苯系物的检出限。结果表明,在35 ℃下吹扫捕集13 min,干吹时间3 min条件下,水样中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、异丙苯的吹扫捕集效率分别为95.0%、90.2%、71.3%、59.1%、69.4%、50.8%和70.1%,7种苯系物单体碳同位素的标准偏差（STD）为0.06‰ ~ 0.29‰。7种苯系物的质量浓度在0.50 ~ 20.00 μg/L范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）为0.998 6 ~ 0.999 5,在各浓度下7种苯系物单体碳同位素值的标准偏差为0.090‰ ~ 0.48‰,进样量及进样方式的差异不会导致碳同位素分馏。水样中苯、甲苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯的检出限为1.00 μg/L,乙苯和异丙苯为0.50 μg/L。该方法可以极大提高水体中苯系物单体碳同位素的检出限,结果准确可靠,满足水体中痕量苯系物单体碳同位素分析的需求。     

吹扫捕集-GC／MS测定水中的挥发性卤代烃和苯系物

以吹扫捕集系统富集,PONA毛细管柱分离,GC/MS法测定水中的挥发性卤代烃和苯系物。对色谱柱的选择,吹扫流量、时间以及解析时间等影响因素进行了优化选择。方法实现了对水中苯、乙苯、对、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、三氯化碳、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯等挥发性卤代烃和苯系物的同时富集和测定,成功分离了苯乙烯和邻二甲苯。方法平均回收率为90%~105%,检出限为0.017~0.194μg/L,精密度(RSD)为1.8%~4.3%(n=6)。方法可用于水中挥发性卤代烃和苯系物的同时测定。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱法对饮用水源地中痕量苯系物的测定

对饮用水源地中七种苯系物浓度痕量变化情况进行监测,采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用,对各七种组分的分离良好,浓度在(0.2～4.0)μg/L范围内标准曲线线性良好,精密度的相对标准偏差为2.92%～6.42%,加标回收率为92%～105%,该法可靠且满足水质分析要求,能及时准确掌握饮用水源地水中苯系物的浓度痕量变化情况,便于预警预报。     

海水中痕量苯系物的吹扫捕集/气相色谱质谱联用测定

建立了海水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯以及苯乙烯7种苯系物的测定方法。采用吹扫捕集法对海水中的苯系物进行富集,热解吸后导入气相色谱-质谱仪,并选用选择离子模式(SIM)进行检测。结果表明:在100.0～2 000.0 ng/L范围内7种苯系物浓度与仪器响应值的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 6～0.999 8,方法检出限为5.9～10.7 ng/L;两种不同浓度加标水平(250.0、1000.0 ng/L)的平均回收率分别为84%～105%和96%～97%,相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为3.7%～6.5%和2.1%～3.3%。该方法准确、快速,且具有富集效率高、无试剂再污染等优点,适用于海水中痕量苯系物的分析测定。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水中苯系物

利用HP-Innowax毛细管色谱柱,对对二甲苯和间二甲苯进行了分离研究,并建立吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水中6种常见苯系物的方法。当水样进样体积为25mL时,方法检出限为0．08～0．30μg/L,用该方法对实际水样中的6种苯系物进行测定,回收率为69．0％～111.9％,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于4％。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中的挥发性有机物

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了适用于地下水中卤代烃、氯代苯和苯系物等27种挥发性有机污染物的分析方法。水样经吹扫捕集后,待测物在Rtx-5MS毛细管色谱柱上分离,质谱分析中采用电子轰击离子源和选择离子监测模式,内标法定量。考察了不同解析时间、不同分流比以及固定剂盐酸对测定的影响。27种挥发性有机物的线性范围均为0.4~40μg·L~(-1),检出限(3s)在0.10~0.32μg·L~(-1)之间。加标回收率在91.6%~111%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.3%~8.8%之间。     

吹扫捕集GC-MS法测定水中的丙酮和丁酮

建立吹扫捕集气相色谱-质谱法测定水中丙酮和丁酮的检测方法。对吹扫捕集条件进行优化,吹扫温度为20℃,吹扫时间为11 min,脱附温度为245℃,脱附时间为2 min。在全扫描模式下进行定性分析,在选择性离子扫描模式下进行定量分析。在优化实验条件下,丙酮和丁酮的质量浓度在5~200μg/L范围内与其响应值呈良好线性关系(r~2≥0.990),检出限分别为0.01,0.05μg/L,加标回收率分别为100.8%~116.9%,84.5%~101.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.94%~4.83%,0.67%~2.69%(n=6)。该方法检出限低,精密度、准确度高,适用于生活饮用水、地表水、地下水、生活污水和工业废水中丙酮和丁酮的分析。     

吹扫捕集气相色谱法测定卷烟包装卡纸中苯系物残留

采用吹扫捕集气相色谱法测定卷烟包装卡纸中苯系物残留,并对测试条件进行了优化。所测定的苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯等在4.3~900μg.L-1浓度范围具有良好的线性,相关系数均达到0.999 9,检出限为1.0~11.6 ng.g-1,回收率为91.5%~109.2%,重复测定5次的相对标准偏差为1.73%~3.24%。     

用吹扫捕集-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法分析生活污水中挥发性有机物

介绍了用于分析生活污水中挥发性有机物的方法,分析物以吹扫捕集法取样,混合吸附剂富集,然后热脱附-气相色谱分析.混合吸附剂是由TenaxGC和活性炭组成,二者体积比为2∶1.对吹扫捕集流速和捕集时间进行了优化,并测定了标准分析物的回收率.利用该法,从生活污水中检出37种挥发性有机物,其中8种列在我国环境优先污染物名单中.     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定地下水中挥发性有机物

应用吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定地下水中54种挥发性有机污染物(VOC′s)含量.选定在40℃条件下吹扫捕集11 min,取样品溶液10 mL于吹扫瓶中,利用PTA 3000型吹扫捕集器直接进样,经DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,电子轰击电离(EI)全扫描检测,选用特征离子,以内标法进行定量测定;54种VOC′S样品加标回收率在83.2%～115.5%之间,相对标准偏差在0.85%～3.88%之间,方法的检出限范围在0.03～0.12μg·L-1之间.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).