分子烙印聚合物作为高效毛细管电泳添加剂的研究

分子洛印聚合物（molecular imprinted polymer)是一种高选择的有分子记忆效应的主体分子,通常在非极性环境中制备和应用。该文在极性溶剂中利用离子化作用和疏水作用制备了非共价的分子烙印聚合物,并将其作为高效毛细管电泳流动相添加剂;在含水缓冲溶液条件下,研究了单体种类、分子烙印聚合物颗粒度和含量、缓冲溶液pH值以及分离电压对分子烙印聚合物识别模板分子的影响。结果证明了在质子溶剂中制备和应用非共价分子烙印聚合物是可行的。     

共价有机笼CC3-R毛细管电色谱柱用于拆分扁桃酸化合物的研究

该文合成了一种具有三维钻石网络状通道的单一手性POC材料(CC3-R),将其用作手性固定相制备CC3-R毛细管电色谱柱,考察了其手性识别性能,并测试了电流随电压的变化及电渗流随缓冲溶液pH值的变化,然后以该柱对扁桃酸进行了拆分。结果显示,D-扁桃酸和L-扁桃酸得到了基线分离,分离度为1.81,理论塔板数分别为36 700 N/m和41 600 N/m,同一根CC3-R毛细管电色谱柱对扁桃酸的保留时间的相对标准偏差为1.2%。表明CC3-R手性柱不仅有良好的手性识别能力还具有良好的稳定性和重现性。     

分子印迹薄层色谱手性固定相的制备及其色谱性能

分别以右旋扁桃酸、右旋邻氯扁桃酸和右旋对氯扁桃酸为模板,丙烯酰胺、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为功能单体和交联剂合成分子印迹聚合物,并以此作为薄层色谱手性固定相。研究了模板分子消旋体在手性固定相上的分离情况,并讨论了展开剂中乙酸含量对分离的影响。在乙腈-5%乙酸展开体系中扁桃酸、邻氯扁桃酸和对氯扁桃酸消旋体得到较好的分离,分离因子分别为1.45,1.62和1.56。该手性固定相对模板分子的结构类似物也具有一定的手性交叉分离能力。讨论了分析物的化学结构对该手性固定相识别性能的影响。该方法为快速、灵敏地对手性物质分析、定性提供了一条简便的途径。     

功能单体对分子烙印手性固定相手性拆分能力的影响

系统考察了功能单体对非共价分子烙印手性固定相手性分离能力的影响,发现在非共价分子烙印手性固定相的制备中,功能单体与烙印分子之间存在着匹配性。丙烯酰胺可以与氨基酸衍生物的酰胺基团形成较强的氢键作用,碱性功能单体2-乙烯基吡啶则与其羧基形成较离子作用,两者的协同作用使复合功能单体丙烯酰胺+2-乙烯基吡啶对于氨基酸衍生物具有良好的烙印效果。竞争溶剂乙酸对样品与分子固定相间的非共价作用力有较大的影响,增加流动相中的竞争溶剂乙酸的含量,将减弱分子手性固定相与样品的酰胺键和羧基的氢键及离子作用,导致对样品的容量因子、手性选择性α及分离度f/g的减小。     

手性配位交换色谱法拆分普卢利沙星对映体

以L-异亮氨酸和CuSO4作为手性流动相添加剂,采用手性配位交换色谱法拆分普卢利沙星对映体.考察了添加剂的种类、浓度、比例以及流动相pH等因素对拆分的影响.优化的色谱条件为:C18色谱柱,流动相为8 mmol/L L-异亮氨酸和4 mmol/L CuSO4溶液(pH=3.5)-甲醇(68∶32,V/V),流速为1.0 ...     

以L-酒石酸正己酯-硼酸配合物作为反相液相色谱手性流动相添加剂拆分5种β-受体阻滞剂

本文以L-酒石酸正己酯-硼酸配合物为手性流动相添加剂,建立了普萘洛尔、艾司洛尔、美托洛尔、比索洛尔、索他洛尔和阿替洛尔六种β-受体阻滞剂的反相高效液相色谱手性分离方法。对影响对映体分离的主要因素：L-酒石酸正己酯、硼酸浓度,缓冲溶液种类、浓度、pH值和有机改性剂-甲醇含量等进行了详细考察。最佳色谱条件为：Venusil MP-C18色谱柱（4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为15 mmol/L乙酸铵-甲醇（体积比为20: 80或30: 70,含60 mmol/L硼酸,70 mmol/L L-酒石酸正己酯,醋酸调节pH值6.00）,检测波长214 nm。在最佳分离条件下,五对对映体（普萘洛尔、艾司洛尔、美托洛尔、比索洛尔、索他洛尔）可以分别获得基线分离。     

手性流动相添加剂法拆分比索洛尔对映体

以羧甲基-β-环糊精作为手性流动相添加剂,建立了高效液相色谱拆分比索洛尔对映体的方法。系统考察了手性添加剂的种类及浓度、流动相中甲醇的含量、pH值和流速等因素对拆分的影响。色谱分离条件:流动相甲醇∶乙腈∶水为20∶67∶13(V/V/V),羧甲基-β-环糊精浓度为0.5g.L-1,pH值为4.07(以三乙胺-冰乙酸调节),流速为0.3mL.min-1,检测波长223nm,对映体得到基线分离,分离度为1.89。     

新型L-羟脯氨酸聚合物键合手性固定相的制备及对手性化合物的拆分

以单分散亲水性交联聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯-甲基丙烯酸乙二醇双酯(PGMA/EDMA)树脂为载体,制备新型L-羟脯氨酸聚合物键合高效手性配体交换固定相。该固定相在配体交换分离模式下,以0.2mol/LNaAc和0.1mmol/LCu(Ac)2水溶液(pH5.2)为流动相,柱温为30℃～50℃,对衍生和非衍生的D,L-氨基酸和α-羟基酸等9种手性化合物进行了高效液相色谱拆分。详细考察了流动相pH值、温度、流速和进样量对手性分离的影响,选择了合适的色谱分离条件。结果表明,所拆分的9种手性化合物,有5种手性化合物能得到基线分离,最好的分离因子α=2.32。     

4-氨基吡啶分子印迹聚合物毛细管整体柱的制备及电色谱性能研究

以4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)为印迹分子,热引发原位合成了分子印迹聚合物毛细管整体柱,聚合物通过共价键和石英毛细管内壁相连,制备方法简单、快捷.在最佳电色谱条件下,4-AP和2-AP之间的分离度在印迹聚合物柱上高达2.5,而在不含印迹的对照柱上仅为0.35.通过研究流动相条件对4-AP,2-AP和硫脲迁移的影响,对4-AP印迹聚合物的电色谱识别机理进行了探讨.印迹识别能力随缓冲溶液离子强度的减小或流动相中乙腈比例的增大而增大.上述两种情形下,流动相中阳离子浓度均减少,使得聚合物孔穴中可与4-AP发生静电作用的有效羧基作用位点增加,从而显现出孔穴对印迹分子的专一亲和作用(形状、大小和作用力).缓冲溶液的种类和pH值对该印迹聚合物识别能力的影响较为复杂,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液体系中,pH值对识别能力的影响呈抛物线形,pH=5时识别能力最强;在醋酸盐缓冲溶液体系中,高pH值有利于分离.     

三元非对映异构体复合物的直接实验证据及其在对映体手性分离中的作用

以含L-苯丙氨酸铜配位络合物的溶液作为手性流动相, 采用反相高效液相色谱法拆分了非衍生苯甘氨酸对映体, 使用质谱对拆分组分进行了结构鉴定, 得到了拆分组分的化学结构, 用量子化学计算预测了该结构的最稳定构象. 质谱实验结果表明, 拆分组分是一对铜混合配体复合物离子, 其中的一个配体是提供手性环境的流动相添加物(L-苯丙氨酸), 另一配体是待拆分物质的某一构型对映体, 这对铜混合配体复合物离子本质上属于非对映异构体. 在色谱分离实验中还考察了手性流动相pH值、甲醇含量以及L-苯丙氨酸与Cu²⁺ 的摩尔比等因素对分离效果的影响.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.