纳米非晶碳薄膜的制备及其场致电子发射特性

采用微波等离子体增强化学气相沉积(MPECVD)法,在涂有FeCl3的硅衬底上制备出了纳米非晶碳薄膜.通 过SEM、XRD和拉曼光谱分析了薄膜材料的形貌和结构.并研究了薄膜材料的场发射特性.结果表明:薄膜的开启电场仅为0.39 V/μm;当电场强度为1.85 V/μm时,电流密度高达3.06 mA/cm2;且场发射点均匀、密集、稳定.迭代法计算表明薄膜材料的功函数为3.1 eV,发射点密度约为1.7×105个/cm2.这些均表明该薄膜是一种性能优良的场发射阴极材料.     

基于单体石墨纤维的场发射特性研究

利用化学气相沉积(CVD)法,以甲烷为碳源在管式炉中合成了单体石墨纤维(MGF)。选取长度为3.426 mm,顶端球面半径为11.26 μm的单体石墨纤维直立于圆铜片上作为阴极,以导电ITO玻璃作为阳极,采用二极管结构在真空室中进行直流场发射测试,证实MGF的开启场强为0.477 5 V/μm。基于有限元仿真软件ANSYS进行电磁场分析,计算了MGF在不同电压下的有效发射面积。结果表明,当电压为5.36 kV时,MGF达到最大发射面积为796.226 μm²,在实验测量电压范围内,平均发射电流密度可以达到46.069 A/cm²,单体石墨纤维具有良好的场发射特性。     

缓冲层ZnPc对有机电致发光器件特性的影响

本文研究了酞菁锌(ZnPc)薄膜的表面形貌及ZnPc薄膜作为缓冲层对有机电致发光器件(OLEDs)光电特性的影响.对比两组样品的AFM图像,ZnPc薄膜相比于ITO薄膜,其表面的岛面积较大,薄膜表面更连续平整,基本上覆盖了ITO膜表面针孔,减少了表面的缺陷.另外,ZnPc薄膜的岛分布均匀有序.使用ZnPc作为缓冲层的器件性能明显好于未使用ZnPc修饰的器件,在7.42V的驱动电压下的最大发光亮度达到1.428kcd/m2,在4.3V电压驱动下时,最大光功率效率为1.411m/W;而未使用缓冲层的器件在8V的驱动电压下达到最大发光亮度达到1.212kcd/m2,在5.5V电压驱动下时,最大光功率效率为0.931m/W.     

热蒸发法原位生长-维氧化锌纳米材料及其场发射特性研究

利用磁控溅射在ITO电极上沉积氧化锌薄膜,以氧化锌薄膜为种子层,采用热蒸发法合成ZnO一维纳米材料,利用XRD和SEM方法对氧化锌一维纳米材料的微观结构进行分析,测试其场发射性能.结果显示,氧化锌纳米材料为钉子状结构,每个氧化锌纳米钉由几微米大的钉帽和细棒组成,垂直于基底生长.场发射性能研究表明它具有较低的开启场强,高的发射电流和好的稳定性,是一种优良的冷阴极电子发射源.     

平面SiC薄膜场致发射的机理研究

碳化硅在场致发射(EE)应用中除了具有金刚石的一般优点之外,还具有易于n型或者p型掺杂的特性.本文用APCVD方法研制了一种SiC薄膜.在FEE测试中发现,其开启场强低达0.3 MV/m.根据电子发射过程的理论分析,得到一种电流随电压指数增加的模式可用于理解场致发射的测试结果.根据这个模型,电子从衬底向薄膜的注入和电子在薄膜中的输运是限制发射的主要因素.由此还可以推测,薄膜中相邻的电子传递中心之间的距离约为0.6 nm.     

阴极缓冲层PVP的插入对聚合物太阳能电池性能的影响

研究了聚乙烯吡络烷酮(PVP)作为阴极缓冲层对P3HT/PCBM基聚合物太阳能电池光电性能的影响.PVP分别溶于二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、乙二醇乙醚、丙酮等不同溶剂中,研究了其旋涂过程及其对活性层薄膜的影响.结果表明:PVP作为P3HT∶ PCBM的阴极缓冲层,由于其产生的自集聚效应使活性层与阴极之间形成良好的欧姆接触,有利于电子的传输.当在活性层上面旋涂溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的聚乙烯吡络烷酮(PVP)的溶液时,聚合物太阳能电池的开路电压Voc为0.57 V,短路电流为Jsc为10.9 mA/cm2,填充因子FF为62;,能量转换效率PCE为3.95;.与未加阴极缓冲层PVP的标准电池器件效率(2.62;)相比,效率提高了50;.     

高Al组份AlGaN/GaN异质外延材料生长及肖特基势垒二极管制备

采用MOCVD制备了带有AlN插入层的高Al组份AlGaN/GaN异质结构外延材料,在此外延材料的基础上利用磁控溅射Ti/Al/Ti/Au欧姆接触电极,利用EB蒸镀Ni/Au肖特基接触电极制备了AlGaN/GaN SBD,对外延材料和器件的性能进行了相关测试,测试结果表明:器件开启电压约为1.1V,-10 V时反向漏电流小于0.5 μA,反向击穿电压68.3 V,器件具有非常明显的整流特性,同时有AlN插入层的器件的正向、反向特性均优于不带AlN的器件,AlN插入层可以有效地提高器件的性能.     

过渡层对纳米非晶碳薄膜场发射性能的影响

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在经研磨处理后的Si(111)面上制备出了纳米非晶碳薄膜.为改善薄膜的场发射性能,在研磨好的Si基底上运用直流磁控溅射法沉积了一层金属过渡层.本文分别选择三种常见金属:钛(Ti)、鉬(Mo)、镍(Ni)来作对比试验.结果发现用钛作为过渡层时薄膜场发射效果最好,主要表现为开启电场低,同一电场下发射电流大,发射点密度较大且分布均匀等.利用迭代法计算了钛作为过渡层时制备的纳米非晶碳薄膜的有效发射面积和功函数.     

铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列的制备及场发射性能研究

利用磁过滤等离子体结合氧化铝模板(AA0)技术在室温下制备了具有优异场发射性能的铜掺杂类金刚石(DLC)纳米点阵列.微观分析表明,铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列分布均匀,密度高达109cm-2;利用X射线光电子能谱对制备的铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列进行结构分析,测得铜的掺杂量为3.6;且sp3键含量高达60;;通过对铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列的场发射性能测试,试验结果表明,铜掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列开启电场和阈值电场分别为0.08V/μm,0.42V/μm,并且在电场值为0.67V/μm时,发射电流密度高达95mA/cm2,场发射性能明显优于无掺杂类金刚石纳米点阵列.     

单晶TiO2纳米线束阵列的水热合成及场发射性能研究

采用水热合成技术,以钛酸丁酯、盐酸和去离子水作为前驱物,在透明导电玻璃(FTO)衬底上合成了垂直于衬底牛长的二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米线束阵列.纳米线束呈四方柱状结构,宽度100～200nm,长度约3μm.HRTEM表明每根纳米线束实际上是由20～40根直径约为4～6 nm的细小纳米线聚集在一起而形成的.系统研究了盐酸浓度对纳米线生长的影响,分析了盐酸在晶体生长中的作用.研究了TiO2纳米线束阵列的场致电子发射特性,其场发射开启电场为5.7 V/ μm(对应电流密度10μA/ cm2),阈值电场为9.5 V/ μm,同时表现出较好的场发射稳定性.低的合成温度和好的场发射性能表明TiO2纳米线束阵列在场发射冷阴极器件上具有良好的应用前景.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.