乳液聚合法制备纳米SiO2/PMMA复合粒子及其表征

利用可聚合乳化剂在纳米SiO2表面进行乳液聚合,成功制备出了具有核壳结构的纳米SiO2/PMMA复合粒子,并通过FTIR、TEM、XPS和TGA分析了其粒子形态和包覆效果.结果表明:偶联剂MPTMS已成功接到了改性后的纳米siO2的表面,其谱图呈现了PMMA和纳米SiO2的复合结构而没改变原来纳米SiO2结构.复合粒子的粒径约50～100 nm,形态具有外层较浅内层较深的核壳结构.XPS分析表明,SiO2被PMMA包覆后,其表面的Si含量降为1.29;,用甲苯对纳米SiO2/PMMA复合粒子抽提后,Si含量增加到3.50;.基于索氏抽提实验和TGA分析,PMMA与SiO2比(fp)、PMMA对SiO2接枝率(fr)和PMMA的有效接枝率(fe)分别为95.8;、63.4;和67.1;.     

沉积温度对热蒸发法制备SiO2一维纳米材料的影响

利用热蒸发法在N型硅片表面成功制备出大面积SiO2纳米线和SiO2纳米棒结构.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线能量色散谱(EDX),拉曼光谱(RS)和光致发光(PL)对合成的产物进行了表征.结果表明,用此方法生长的SiO2纳米材料,其结构和形貌与生长参数关系密切,随着沉积温度降低纳米线长度变短,最后呈现出棒状结构.此外,还研究了SiO2纳米结构独特的光学性质.该研究对改善光电子半导体器件的性能应用具有重要意义.     

氧化钇粉体的抗水化处理研究

研究了室温下不同表面修饰剂对Y2O3粉体水化的影响,提高了Y2O3粉体的抗水性和分散性。结果显示:柠檬酸作为表面修饰剂,可以有效阻止Y2O3粉体与水反应,同时添加分散剂Dolapix CE 64,可以制备固含量高、化学稳定的水基Y2O3浆料。     

纳米SiO2在钧瓷釉料中的应用及对釉料性质的影响

在钧瓷基础釉中加入过渡金属氧化物可以使钧瓷呈现出丰富多彩的釉色,但同时也会造成严重的流釉现象.在传统钧瓷中,适当的流釉可以给瓷器带来艺术的美感,严重的流釉反而影响钧瓷的艺术效果和产品质量.通过在钧瓷釉料中添加纳米SiO2,并控制其质量比例在2wt;和4wt;,研究纳米SiO2对钧瓷釉料性质的影响.添加纳米SiO2前后的钧瓷釉料的结构和性质通过X-射线衍射仪、扫面电子显微镜和X-射线电子能谱仪进行表征分析.对比发现,纳米SiO2的添加可提高釉的化学稳定性和热稳定性,有效地改善钧瓷制品的流釉现象,并且能够提高釉层的亮度.     

pH值对ZrO2超细粉体料浆性能的影响

研究了不同pH值时超细ZrO2粉体料浆的Zeta电位、沉降速度和粘度等性能.测试了加入柠檬酸三铵作分散剂和A型分散剂(聚丙烯酸盐)以及不加分散剂时料浆的Zeta电位,结果证明采用A型分散剂分散效果最好,在pH=10.53时Zeta电位具有最大负值-44.28mV,研究了不同pH值时料浆的沉降情况,在pH=10.55时料浆沉降速度最慢,同时研究了pH值对料浆粘度的影响,在pH=10.66时料浆粘度最低.料浆呈现出剪切变稀特性,在pH值为10～11范围内,成型的坯体网络结构稳定,最大弯曲强度达到53.90MPa.     

ZrB2-SiBCN复合陶瓷恒温氧化行为研究

高温结构材料ZrB2陶瓷由于其烧结温度高,应用受到限制,SiBCN聚合物前驱体的添加降低了ZrB2的烧结温度,并能够获得致密的ZrB2-SiBCN复合陶瓷.研究其氧化行为对于ZrB2-SiBCN陶瓷在高温领域的应用有重要的意义.通过XRD、SEM等手段对陶瓷1300℃时氧化行为进行了分析和研究,结果表明,在高温空气环境下,SiBCN陶瓷氧化直接生成硼硅酸盐玻璃,硼硅酸盐玻璃粘度低,铺展速度快,在陶瓷表面可形成氧化物保护层,阻碍陶瓷的进一步氧化.ZrO2与SiO2反应生成新的ZrSiO4相,使硼硅酸玻璃层因被消耗而变薄,ZrSiO4附近的ZrB2颗粒从硼硅酸盐玻璃层内裸露出来,加速了ZrB2的氧化.ZrSiO4相的生成降低了硼硅酸盐玻璃对陶瓷的抗氧化保护作用.     

荧光标记用Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+纳米发光材料的研究

通过水热共沉淀法制备了Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+纳米发光材料并对其进行表面修饰,研究了添加不同金属络合剂对样品粒径、分散性、发光性能的影响及表面修饰后样品的性能.通过X射线衍射分析,激发发射光谱及余辉性能测试研究了不同金属络合剂对Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+结晶性能、发光性能的影响,通过SEM和TEM图分析研究了不同金属络合剂对颗粒粒径、分散性的影响,结果表明添加EDTA时样品结晶与发光性能良好且粒径为50～ 200 nm,为制备Sr2 MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+纳米发光颗粒的最佳添加剂.此外,将样品进行表面修饰后,通过红外光谱、Zeta电势分析研究了其官能团的连接情况和电势大小,通过纳米粒度分析、SEM和TEM图谱分析研究了表面修饰后样品的粒径分布、形貌以及核壳结构,结果表明样品表面修饰后成功包裹了SiO2壳层,并通过悬浮测试证明了SiO2包覆后的长余辉纳米粒子悬浮性能良好.     

超声辅助沉淀法制备疏水性纳米SiO2

采用超声沉淀法制备出SiO2纳米粉体,利用硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)对其进行了表面改性,并利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、接触角、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对SiO2的结构和性能进行了表征,并研究了KH-570用量和改性时间对SiO2活化指数的影响。结果表明:与普通搅拌相比,超声更利于纳米SiO2的制备和改性。超声条件下,KH-570成功接枝到SiO2纳米粒子的表面。且改性后的SiO2疏水性提高,在无水乙醇中的分散状态得到明显改善。当改性剂用量为6 mL,改性时间为1 h时,SiO2纳米粒子的活化指数达到100%。     

纳米钛白粉改性丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料的制备及其紫外线耐候性能

利用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570硅烷)实现了对金红石型纳米TiO2的表面处理,对表面处理前后纳米TiO2粉体的形貌及粒度分布状况进行了表征.将处理后的钛白粉加入到航空油罐所用的丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料中进行改性,研究了改性涂料的紫外线耐候性能.研究表明,表面处理可使钛白粉粉体的分散性能得到显著改善.经纳米TiO2改性后,丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料的紫外线耐候性能均得到了不同程度地提高.在涂料中添加5wt;的纳米TiO2并配合使用0.5wt;的纳米SiO2进行改性时,涂膜的紫外线耐候性能较好.     

纳米SiO2包覆片状微米h-BN复合粉体的制备与表征

利用St(o)ber法,以氨水为催化剂,通过正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的水解与缩合反应,在片状微米六方氮化硼(h-BN)表面包覆一层纳米球形二氧化硅(SiO2),制备出一种以h-BN为核、SiO2为壳的h-BN@SiO2核壳结构复合粉体.采用XRD、SEM、EDS和TEM分别对包覆前后粉体进行表征,结果显示由球形纳米SO2组成的包覆层完整、致密,且与h-BN基体结合紧密、牢固.研究了TEOS与氨水添加方式对包覆效果的影响,结果表明先将氨水添加至h-BN的乙醇悬浮液中,然后分次缓慢逐滴向其中添加TEOS,每次滴加完成后间隔一段时间再进行下一次滴加得到的包覆效果最佳.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉的性能影响

为制备适用于干压成型的氧化铝造粒粉,研究了PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉微观形貌、流动性和松装密度的影响.结果表明PEG的聚合度对氧化铝浆料粘度影响显著,PEG2000-6000是较为理想的粘结剂选择,造粒粉的流动性与环境温度及湿度相关.采用正交实验设计,以造粒粉的流动性和松装密度为评价指标,对PEG聚合度、粘结剂添加量和固含量进行了优选,其影响顺序为PEG聚合度＞固含量＞粘结剂添加量.以优选参数PEG6000、添加量为4wt;、固含量为80wt;,制备了性能优良的氧化铝喷雾造粒粉.     

近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体组分测定与缺陷观察

采用助熔剂提拉法生长得到近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体.用多种方法测定了晶体组分,结果表明生长得到的晶体中[Li2O]含量为49.80;摩尔分数;对晶体缺陷的研究表明晶体质量有待提高,并分析了晶体中出现包裹物的原因.     

Statistical characterization of the pore space of random systems of hard spheres

An improved statistical characterization of disordered structures such as metallic glasses, random porous media, or granular matter is presented. Suitable structure models follow the idea of dense random packed spheres, where the spheres represent atoms and particles in the case of metallic glasses and porous or granular matter, respectively. The geometry of the empty space between the atoms or particles is described by means of the already otherwise successful concept of so-called contact distributions. Their exact mathematical forms are unknown for hard sphere systems. Knowledge on these is obtained by means of Monte Carlo simulations of the structure models. The numerical results are approximated by simple and general mathematical expressions, with parameters that can be easily determined. These may serve as additional tools for the structural characterization of disordered matter, including systems of partly penetrable spheres.     

前驱物合成条件对锰锌铁氧体结构和性能的影响

采用共沉淀-热处理工艺合成了尖晶石型锰锌铁氧体粉末,利用正交试验优化了制备工艺。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对粉体的显微结构和静磁性能进行了研究。结果表明:热处理温度为1350℃、保温时间为3.5 h、进料比为1.5时,若前驱物的pH值为6,制备的样品的主晶相为锰锌铁氧体;若前驱物的pH值为7 9,则形成单相尖晶石型锰锌铁氧体,样品的饱和磁化强度先增大后减小,矫顽力逐渐增大。pH值为7时,配方为Fe∶Mn∶Zn=68.4816∶17.1368∶14.381,进料比为1.5,滴加时间为40 min,反应温度为50℃,不加表面活性剂时得到的样品具有较高的饱和磁化强度。     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.