ZrO2陶瓷流延浆料的流变特性的研究

本文探索了纳米ZrO2粉的流延浆料的流变特性.以体积比为1:1的丙酮和无水乙醇为混合溶剂,粘结剂选用聚乙烯缩丁醛(PVB),分散剂选用甘油三酯(TG),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)为增塑剂配置了ZrO2陶瓷浆料.研究了浆料的固相体积以及各种有机添加剂的添加量对其流变性能的影响.结果表明:固相含量为60wt;,分散剂量为1wt;,粘结剂添加量为5wt;,增塑剂与粘结剂的质量比为1～1.3,浆料流变性能良好,浆料粘度达到了2200 mPa·s左右;制备出良好无缺陷ZrO2陶瓷基片.     

水系流延技术制备95氧化铝陶瓷基片的研究

本论文采用水系流延技术制备了95氧化铝陶瓷基片,主要对浆料中各种添加剂的作用作了系统研究.分散剂通过与无机粉料的吸附,提供双重稳定效应使浆料具有较好的分散性,实验中分散剂PAA(聚丙烯酸)最佳的用量为0.5wt;.粘结剂PVA(聚乙烯醇)最佳用量为4.5wt;.塑化剂PEG(聚乙二醇)的加入可以降低粘结剂的玻化温度,提高坯片柔韧性.塑化剂与粘结剂的用量比值(R)在1～1.2之间为宜.最终获得了具有一定强度、韧性、表面光滑的坯片,烧结出密度为3.785g/cm395氧化铝陶瓷基片.     

稀土Sm2O3对98氧化铝陶瓷耐磨性能的影响

实验以98wt; Al2O3为基体,在CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2四元体系中,研究添加稀土Sm2O3对98氧化铝陶瓷烧结温度、体积密度以及耐磨性能的影响.实验结果表明:添加适量的稀土氧化钐能够降低陶瓷的初始烧结温度并且提高氧化铝陶瓷的体积密度和耐磨性能.当稀土氧化钐的掺量达到1.6wt;时,陶瓷的磨损率达到最低,较不掺稀土的氧化铝陶瓷试样,耐磨性提高了约30.9;.除此之外,发现稀土Sm3+固溶到六铝酸钙中,增强了晶界结合强度,提升了陶瓷耐磨性能.     

钛粉掺量对陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具性能的影响

研究了不同钛(Ti)粉添加量对陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具性能的影响.实验结果表明:当添加量为6wt; Ti粉时,结合剂的流动性达到最大值(160;),磨具试样的体积密度达最大值(2.24g/cm3),开口孔隙率降至最低12.6;,硬度达到最大值(76 HRB);随着Ti粉添加量的增加,磨具的抗折强度也随之显著增加,当添加量为8wt; Ti粉时抗折强度为61.8 MPa;磨具试样断口SEM图表明,Ti粉的掺入能够使气孔大小接近,分布更加均匀,XRD分析表明结合剂试样在660℃下烧结,Ti粉被氧化为TixO,磨具试样在760℃下烧结,Ti粉则被氧化为更稳定的TiO2.     

CSLST微波介质陶瓷的流延浆料的制备工艺研究

以二甲苯,正丁醇混合溶液作为分散溶剂,自制的BM-2为粘结剂,聚乙二醇PEG为增塑剂对添加烧结助剂B2O3-CuO-LiCO3 (BCL)的(Ca0.9375Sr0.0625)0.2(Li0.5Sm0.5)0.8TiO3 (CSLST)微波介质陶瓷粉体进行流延浆料制备工艺研究.通过研究各种添加剂含量对含55;陶瓷基料粉体的浆料流变性能的影响,得出了合适的浆料添加剂配比为:混合溶液二甲苯与正丁醇的比例为1∶1(体积比),粘结剂BM-2为8wt;～11wt;,增塑剂PEG为2wt;～3wt;.该浆料具有典型剪切变稀行为的塑性流体特性,经流延可制备均匀无裂纹的流延膜片.膜片叠层后在875℃下烧结具有较佳的微波介电性能:介电常数εr=51.8,品质因数Q×f=1085 GHz,谐振频率温度系数τf=19.38×10-6/℃.     

莰烯为溶剂制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷的研究

以α-氮化硅粉为原料,坎烯为溶剂,氧化钇和氧化铝为烧结助剂,室温下利用冷冻注模法制备出多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究了固相含量(坎烯含量)、干燥方式及粘结剂对生坯性能的影响,以及对烧结制备出的氮化硅孔隙率、力学性能和微观结构的影响.研究结果表明:固相含量过低会导致升华后坯体强度过低而坍塌,过高则无法获得多孔结构.坯体置于真空环境下干燥能有效加快其升华速度,避免坯体开裂.选用聚苯乙烯(PS)作为粘结剂制备的生坯效果较好.通过烧结制备试样的主晶相为β-Si3 N4相,以莰烯为溶剂获得的氮化硅陶瓷展现出了内部联通的多孔结构,而且是树枝状的坎烯"手臂".烧成后试样的线收缩率随着固相含量的增加而减小,当固相含量由10vol;升高到25vol;时,试样的开气孔率由82.13;降低到62.09;,而密度却由0.5698 g/cm3升高到1.2603 g/cm3,相应的三点弯曲强度由3.933 MPa增加到14.421 MPa,硬度由393.5 kg·mm-2上升至1288.3 kg·mm-2.     

注射成型制备氧化铝陶瓷

采用多组分粘结剂,通过注射成型制备Al2O3陶瓷.讨论了粘结剂中石蜡含量、固含量对喂料粘度及坯体性能的影响.研究了烧结温度对坯体性能及显微结构的影响.结果表明,石蜡含量为粘结剂的40wt;,喂料固含量为52vol;时,喂料粘度合适,坯体性能最好,内部显微结构均匀,抗弯强度为25 MPa,完全满足机械加工的强度要求.1560～1640℃,随着烧结温度的提高,烧结致密性提高.1600℃时,Al2O3抗弯强度最高达(422±40) MPa,致密性较好,晶粒发育较为理想,为最佳烧结温度.     

固化剂对磷酸盐粘结剂固化行为的影响研究

本文以H3PO4和Al(OH)3为原料制备磷酸铝粘结剂,探讨了不同固化剂ZnO、CuO、Cr2O3对其固化行为的影响.采用XRD、邵氏硬度仪、TG-DSC等分析手段研究了磷酸盐粘结剂的物相组成、硬度、吸湿率及其固化机理等.结果表明:当P/Al摩尔比为3∶1.3时,磷酸铝粘结剂的理论固化温度为262℃,固化后产物为AlH2P3O10·H2O.固化剂的加入可以有效地缩短固化时间和提高涂层性能,以CuO为最佳.当CuO添加量不低于8wt;时,磷酸盐粘结剂固化时间最短,为2.5 h;吸湿率最低,为4.21wt;.当CuO添加量为6wt;时,涂层硬度最大,为99.2 HA.其对应的理论固化温度为145℃,固化产物为Al4(PO4)3(OH)3·xH2O和少量的Cu4P2O9·H2O.     

氧化钇对氧化铝陶瓷致密化的影响

采用湿法球磨方法将不同含量氧化钇粉末添加到氧化铝粉末中,经冷等静压成型,1550℃常压烧结.通过研究发现,当氧化钇含量低于0.25wt;时,晶粒长大,存在封闭晶内气孔,相对密度变小,致密化程度低;当氧化钇含量介于0.25wt;～0.75wt;时,随着氧化钇含量增加,封闭气孔减少,晶粒减小,致密化程度增高;当氧化钇含量为1.0wt;时,在晶界生成第二相钇铝石榴石,相对密度较小,致密化程度降低.     

高温烟气过滤陶瓷的制备与性能研究

本论文以堇青石为过滤陶瓷骨料,以高岭土、钾长石、锂辉石为结合剂,以木炭粉为造孔剂,通过半干压成型工艺成型,研制了高温烟气过滤陶瓷.详细研究了结合剂、造孔剂添加量以及成型压力、烧成温度对高温烟气过滤陶瓷的体积密度、显气孔率、抗压强度等性能的影响,并对原料配方进行了优化,优化配方为:堇青石75wt;、结合剂25wt;、炭粉造孔剂50wt;、三聚磷酸钠0.5wt;.研究结果表明:试样的显气孔率随造孔剂添加量的增加而升高、随结合剂添加量的增加而减小;抗压强度和烧结密度随造孔剂添加量的增加而减小、随结合剂添加量的增加而升高;随成型压力的增大,过滤陶瓷的显气孔率呈逐渐减小的趋势,抗压强度则不断增大.随烧成温度的升高,过滤陶瓷的显气孔率呈先升高后减小的趋势,而抗压强度则逐渐增大.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

前驱物合成条件对锰锌铁氧体结构和性能的影响

采用共沉淀-热处理工艺合成了尖晶石型锰锌铁氧体粉末,利用正交试验优化了制备工艺。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对粉体的显微结构和静磁性能进行了研究。结果表明:热处理温度为1350℃、保温时间为3.5 h、进料比为1.5时,若前驱物的pH值为6,制备的样品的主晶相为锰锌铁氧体;若前驱物的pH值为7 9,则形成单相尖晶石型锰锌铁氧体,样品的饱和磁化强度先增大后减小,矫顽力逐渐增大。pH值为7时,配方为Fe∶Mn∶Zn=68.4816∶17.1368∶14.381,进料比为1.5,滴加时间为40 min,反应温度为50℃,不加表面活性剂时得到的样品具有较高的饱和磁化强度。     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体组分测定与缺陷观察

采用助熔剂提拉法生长得到近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体.用多种方法测定了晶体组分,结果表明生长得到的晶体中[Li2O]含量为49.80;摩尔分数;对晶体缺陷的研究表明晶体质量有待提高,并分析了晶体中出现包裹物的原因.     

Mechanisms of chemical vapor deposition of silicon

The distribution in the silicon epitaxial growth from SiCl₄ and hydrogen are observed in situ by IR absorption spectroscopy. Two methods are used complementarily, one is IR spectroscopy of reactants extracted from the reactor by a fine quartz tube which is not disturbing the reactions, and gives knowledge about the local distribution, the other is direct IR spectroscopy of hot reactants in the reactor which is useful to ascertain the results at the real high temperature situation. The intermediate species are SiHCl₃, SiH₂Cl₂ which is estimated from the induced emission bands at 500 and 570 cm^-1. HCl is a dominant waste product and contributes to reverse reactions. To investigate the reaction, HCl is intentionally injected into the reacting gas. This kind of injection method may also be very effective to analyze the reactions using other reactants such as SiCl₄, SiHCl₃ and SiH₂Cl₂.     

Statistical characterization of the pore space of random systems of hard spheres

An improved statistical characterization of disordered structures such as metallic glasses, random porous media, or granular matter is presented. Suitable structure models follow the idea of dense random packed spheres, where the spheres represent atoms and particles in the case of metallic glasses and porous or granular matter, respectively. The geometry of the empty space between the atoms or particles is described by means of the already otherwise successful concept of so-called contact distributions. Their exact mathematical forms are unknown for hard sphere systems. Knowledge on these is obtained by means of Monte Carlo simulations of the structure models. The numerical results are approximated by simple and general mathematical expressions, with parameters that can be easily determined. These may serve as additional tools for the structural characterization of disordered matter, including systems of partly penetrable spheres.