Al2O3对低品位菱镁矿与天然硅石合成制备镁橄榄石的影响

以低品位菱镁矿与天然硅石为原料,以Al2O3为添加剂,通过反应烧结制备镁橄榄石。研究讨论Al2O3对镁橄榄石材料相组成、晶胞参数、微观结构及常温性能的影响。用XRD和SEM对烧后试样的相组成和显微结构进行表征。利用X’pert plus软件对试样中镁橄榄石相的晶胞参数进行计算。结果表明:以低品位菱镁矿轻烧氧化镁和天然硅石为原料,经1500℃煅烧合成制备的镁橄榄石中,由于Al2O3的加入,促进了系统中顽火辉石相的形成。Al2O3的加入导致镁橄榄石相的晶胞参数和晶胞体积的增大。随着Al2O3加入量增加,镁橄榄石的相对密度和常温耐压强度逐渐增加,说明了Al2O3对镁橄榄石的促烧结作用。     

轻烧MgO的活性对合成镁铝尖晶石晶体结构及性能的影响

以不同活性的轻烧MgO和α-Al2 O3微粉为原料,通过固相烧结法合成镁铝尖晶石,研究轻烧氧化镁的活性对镁铝尖晶石物相组成、晶胞参数、微观结构及烧结性能的影响并探讨其机理.利用XRD和HighScore Plus分析合成试样的物相组成和晶胞参数,利用SEM表征合成试样的微观结构.结果表明:高活性轻烧MgO具有更高的缺陷能,可以加快烧结反应的进行,降低MgAl2 O4的合成温度;高活性轻烧MgO可以促进MgAl2 O4晶体发育,MgO活性越高,生成的MgAl2 O4晶胞参数和晶胞体积越大,晶粒发育更为完全.     

La2O3对反应烧结制备六铝酸钙结构性能的影响

以工业氧化铝和活性石灰为原料,固相反应烧结合成六铝酸钙材料,研究了在1450℃和1500℃保温2h的条件下,La2O3对合成材料的烧结性能和热震稳定性的影响,同时借助XRD、SEM及相关软件对烧后材料的结晶相组成、晶胞参数和显微结构进行分析和观察.研究结果表明:合成六铝酸钙材料的固相反应烧结过程中,提高煅烧温度可以促进过渡相二铝酸钙相转变成六铝酸钙相,加入氧化镧会引起合成产物六铝酸钙相晶胞参数变大,所形成的结构缺陷会加速物相结构中的离子交换和晶粒长大,合成六铝酸钙材料的烧结性逐渐提高.引入1.6;氧化镧的六铝酸钙配方试样经1500℃煅烧后,试样热震稳定性最好.     

四种镁铁铝材料的物相组成与显微结构表征

分别以烧结铁铝尖晶石、电熔铁铝尖晶石、烧结镁铁砂及电熔镁铁砂为铁载体,在控制试样化学组成接近的前提下,按照镁铁铝尖晶石砖生产工艺制备镁铁铝尖晶石砖试样.采用XRD和SEM对试样的物相组成和显微组织结构进行分析表征.结果表明:铁铝尖晶石试样中,存在(Mg,Fe2+)Al2O4复合相,其中铁以Fe2+的形式存在,并产生少量镁铁尖晶石脱溶物;镁铁砂试样中,形成Mg(Fe3+,Al)2O4复合相,铁以Fe3+的形式存在,并产生了AlFe2O4连续固溶体相;烧结铁载体试样的显微结构中存在较多微气孔,电熔铁载体试样显微组织结构致密.     

Mn掺杂对YBiCaZrVIG铁氧体微结构及性能的影响

用固相反应法在空气气氛中制备了Y2.1 Bi0.2Ca0.7 Zr0.3 V0.2Mnx Fe4.42-xO12(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08)铁氧体,研究了Mn掺量和烧结温度对YBiCaZrVMnIG铁氧体烧结性能、微观结构和电磁性能的影响.研究发现,所有样品均形成单一的石榴石相.Mn的掺入使晶胞参数增加,并促进了YBiCaZrVIG铁氧体的致密化.Fe离子的数量、微观结构的变化以及晶格中离子空位的增多造成了介电损耗先显著降低后略有增加趋势.而介电损耗随着烧结温度的升高和材料的致密化先急剧下降,后由于烧结温度过高使部分Fe3+还原成Fe2+而略有增加.Mn掺量对YBiCaZrVMnIG铁氧体介电常数影响不大,但是随着烧结温度和样品致密度的提高,介电常数呈增大趋势.而饱和磁化强度4πMs随着Mn掺量的增加先呈缓慢降低趋势,后又逐渐增加,但随烧结温度的升高呈相反的变化趋势.因此,在YBiCaZrVIG铁氧体中掺杂适量的Mn 能够促进烧结,提高材料的电磁性能.综上,Mn掺量为x=0.04(Y2.1Bi0.2Ca0.7Zr0.3V0.2Mn0.04Fe4.38O12)、烧结温度为1260℃的铁氧体综合性能最佳:RD＞ 98;,εr=15.7,tanδe =2.1×10-4,4πMs=1629 Gs.     

二氧化硅对锆酸钙材料结构及性能的影响

以分析纯氧化锆和碳酸钙为原料,成本相对低廉的二氧化硅为添加剂,利用固相反应烧结制备锆酸钙材料.研究了二氧化硅对锆酸钙材料相组成、晶胞参数、微观结构及常温性能的影响.用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及X 'pertplus分析软件分别对烧后锆酸钙试样的晶相组成、显微结构和晶胞参数进行表征和计算,并对试样的体积密度和显气孔率进行了测定.结果表明:利用碳酸钙和氧化锆在1600℃下保温3h,制备出的锆酸钙材料致密度较低;引入二氧化硅可以促进锆酸钙材料的烧结,当二氧化硅的加入量小于0.5mol;时,二氧化硅主要是通过在锆酸钙材料中形成间隙固溶体,产生晶格缺陷而促进材料的烧结;同时二氧化硅在锆酸钙材料中形成固溶体后,还导致锆酸钙相晶胞参数和晶胞体积的增大;由于O2-半径较大,难以进入间隙位置,使得二氧化硅在锆酸钙材料中的固溶量很小.当二氧化硅的加入量大于或等于0.5mol;时,锆酸钙的晶胞参数和晶包体积将几乎不发生变化,但是在锆酸钙材料中会有硅酸二钙相的出现和增加;二氧化硅最佳加入摩尔百分含量为0.25; ～ 0.5;.     

低温耦合固相氮化反应合成β-Sialon

本研究拟在氮化气氛下,以金属Al粉、Si粉、α-Al2O3为原料,添加Y2O3,耦合氮化反应制备β-Sialon.通过在不同温度下的氮化反应烧结试验,研究了Y3+对β-Sialon晶相组成、晶粒大小、晶格常数及显微结构的影响.采用XRD和SEM表征试样中的晶相和显微结构,利用X'Pert Plus软件对试样进行晶胞参数分析,通过Semi-quantification法对试样各晶相组成进行计算.结果表明:随着温度的升高,合成β-Sialon相的含量不断提高,在1550℃时达到最高;添加Y2O3可以在相对较低温度条件下合成β-Sialon相,y3+对Al3+的置换作用导致β-Sialon相结构畸变,且随耦合氮化反应烧成温度的升高,晶胞体积可由1350℃时的0.208448 nm3增大到1550℃时的0.236776 nm3,合成β-Sialon相呈现增加的趋势.同时在合成β-Sialon结构中,由于过量助烧结剂Y2O3易与原料中Al2O3形成针状YAG.     

添加稳定剂对反应烧结法合成铁铝尖晶石的影响

以工业氧化铝、氧化铁为原料,石墨为还原剂,高纯镁砂、电熔镁铝尖晶石为Fe2+的稳定剂;按照FeO: Al2O3:C =41.0:59.0:3.0的质量比设计基础配方,在合成体系中分别外加适量的高纯镁砂及镁铝尖晶石;各种原料经过共磨等工序加工后,压制成φ50 mm×50 mm试样,并在非控制气氛下于高温电炉1550℃,5h烧结合成.采用XRD、SEM及EDS等手段对试样进行表征,结果表明:非控制气氛下反应烧结法制备铁铝尖晶石时,引入高纯镁砂与镁铝尖晶石做为稳定剂均能促进Fe2+的稳定及铁铝尖晶石的合成.以高纯镁砂为稳定剂,制备的铁铝尖晶石晶体结构中镁含量相对较高,晶格参数与理论值相差较大,合成产物中还存有少量镁铝尖晶石相及单质铁;以电熔镁铝尖晶石为稳定剂,制备的铁铝尖晶石晶体结构中镁含量相对较低,晶体发育完善,晶格常数更接近理论值,合成产物中存在纯净铁铝尖晶石相.     

Cr2O3和煅烧温度对铝钛渣制备钛酸铝材料性能影响（英文）

为了提高合成钛酸铝烧结性和钛酸铝的合成率,以铁合金厂铝钛渣和二氧化钛为主要原料,以Cr2O3为矿化剂,在不同煅烧温度下(1400℃、1450℃和1500℃)条件下,通过固相烧结方法合成钛酸铝材料。用XRD和SEM对煅烧后试样的矿物相组成和显微结构进行分析,用X’Pert plus软件计算合成材料中钛酸铝的晶格常数和晶胞体积。重点讨论了矿化剂Cr2O3加入量和煅烧温度对合成钛酸铝材料矿物相组成、晶格常数、显微结构及烧结性能的影响。结果表明,由于矿化剂中Cr3+对钛酸铝结构中Al3+和Ti4+的置换作用,钛酸铝晶体结构发生畸变。随着矿化剂Cr2O3加入量增大,钛酸铝晶胞常数和晶胞体积逐渐增大,置换作用所造成的结构缺陷加速了固相反应烧结,钛酸铝材料合成率逐渐增大。同时,随着煅烧温度的升高,结构中所产生的热缺陷也会促进合成钛酸铝的固相反应和烧结性,钛酸铝材料合成率增大,微观结构中裂纹数量逐渐减少。     

水热/溶剂热法制备锂电池负极材料碳气凝胶/Fe2O3及其电化学性能

采用水热/溶剂热法,通过在碳气凝胶(CA)表面负载纳米Fe2O3颗粒,制备了具有不同外观形貌的CA/Fe2O3复合负极材料.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重(TG)等测试手段表征了碳气凝胶、Fe2O3及CA/Fe2O3的结构、形貌和Fe2O3负载率,并对复合负极的电化学储锂性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用水热或溶剂热法时,在碳气凝胶表面合成的Fe2O3颗粒分别呈橄榄球状和微球状.电化学结果表明,采用溶剂热法合成的CA/Fe2O3复合材料作为锂电池负极材料具有较高的储锂容量和倍率性能,在100 mA·g-1电流密度下循环50次,可逆容量为634.9 mAh·g-1,充电容量保持率高达97.9;.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的制备及纳米颗粒分布均匀性研究

研究了在复合电铸过程中,当其它工艺参数一定时,复合电铸层的沉积速率及其厚度随时间的变化趋势, 以及复合电铸层表面微观形貌随电沉积时间的变化趋势.测定了复合电铸层的组织成分,并就纳米颗粒在复合电铸层表面和横截面上分布的均匀性进行了评价.结果表明,复合电铸层表面平整,组织均匀致密,其组成主要是镍和所复合的纳米颗粒,纳米颗粒较为均匀地分散在复合电铸层中.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉的性能影响

为制备适用于干压成型的氧化铝造粒粉,研究了PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉微观形貌、流动性和松装密度的影响.结果表明PEG的聚合度对氧化铝浆料粘度影响显著,PEG2000-6000是较为理想的粘结剂选择,造粒粉的流动性与环境温度及湿度相关.采用正交实验设计,以造粒粉的流动性和松装密度为评价指标,对PEG聚合度、粘结剂添加量和固含量进行了优选,其影响顺序为PEG聚合度＞固含量＞粘结剂添加量.以优选参数PEG6000、添加量为4wt;、固含量为80wt;,制备了性能优良的氧化铝喷雾造粒粉.     

近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体组分测定与缺陷观察

采用助熔剂提拉法生长得到近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体.用多种方法测定了晶体组分,结果表明生长得到的晶体中[Li2O]含量为49.80;摩尔分数;对晶体缺陷的研究表明晶体质量有待提高,并分析了晶体中出现包裹物的原因.     

Some peculiarities of spectral proprieties of leukocytes

This article presents the results of spectral investigations of white blood human cells including absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence (using low-temperature measurements). For this research, the main optical centres were identified and local distribution of emitting and absorbing centres into white blood human cells was determined. In addition, the spectra of normal and pathological (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-CLL) cells were compared.