甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成阴极粉体La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3研究

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法(GNP)合成了阴极粉体La0.8Sr0.2MnO3。用TG-DTA、XRD、粒度分析仪、BET、TEM等对产物形成过程、晶体结构、粒度分布和微观结构进行了分析和表征。结果表明:甘氨酸同时作为燃料和络合剂,能在低温下形成符合规定化学计量配比的钙钛矿晶相;由粒度分析得出粉体D50为4.932μm;由BET测量得出粉体比表面积为12.32 m2/g,粉体的dBET值为74.6 nm;由TEM观察可知粉体的一次粒子大小为50 nm,粒子形状较规则。     

包裹型Al(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体的合成工艺优化研究

本文采用共沉淀法优化包裹型Al(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体的合成工艺,通过TEM对合成的复合粉体进行形貌分析,得出适宜的包覆工艺参数分别是pH=9、溶液浓度为Al3+=0.017 moL/L和Y3+ =0.01 mol/L、滴定速度为0.05 ml/s、反应时间为60min.通过优化工艺,可以合成出包裹结构较好的包裹型Al(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,其包裹层厚度约为150 ～ 300 nm,为改善ZrB2基复合材料难于烧结致密化和高温条件下易氧化奠定原料基础.     

铝粉度对自蔓延高温合成AlB2-Al2O3复合粉体的影响

以金属Al粉和B2O3粉为原料,采用自蔓延高温合成法(SHS)制备AlB2-Al2O3复合粉体.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪分析手段,对所制得的复合粉体进行了表征.研究了Al粉粒度(100目、300目和600目)对自蔓延高温合成方法制备AlB2-Al2O3复合粉体的燃烧学、相组成及微观结构的影响.结果表明:铝粉粒度越小,燃烧温度越高、燃烧波速度越快,复合粉体中AlB2相含量增加,实验测得600目铝粉反应的燃烧温度为2060K,燃烧波速度为2.08 mm/s.复合粉体以AlB2和Al2O3为主晶相,显微结构为数量较少、粒径约5μm的AlB2粉弥散分布于粒径约2 μm的Al2O3和Al的混合粉中.     

溶剂热合成Co(OH)2/活性炭复合电极材料及其电化学性能研究

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O,CO(NH2)2和活性炭(AC)为原料,利用溶剂热法合成了Co(OH) 2/AC复合电极材料.X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱和热重分析显示,产物是约为2 μm无定形的Co(OH)2薄片状粒子与AC颗粒复合.电化学测试表明,在6 mol/L KOH电解液中电流密度为1A·g-1时,电极材料的比电容达301F·g-1,倍率特性良好(164 F·g-1,20 A·g-1);比电容值比AC和Co(OH)2分别提高了89;和35;.复合材料电化学性能提升源自于高导电性活性炭和高赝电容比容量Co(OH)2间的协同作用.     

铝粉粒度对自蔓延高温合成AlB_2-Al_2O_3复合粉体的影响

以金属Al粉和B_2O_3粉为原料,采用自蔓延高温合成法(SHS)制备AlB_2-Al_2O_3复合粉体。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪分析手段,对所制得的复合粉体进行了表征。研究了Al粉粒度(100目、300目和600目)对自蔓延高温合成方法制备AlB_2-Al_2O_3复合粉体的燃烧学、相组成及微观结构的影响。结果表明:铝粉粒度越小,燃烧温度越高、燃烧波速度越快,复合粉体中AlB_2相含量增加,实验测得600目铝粉反应的燃烧温度为2060 K,燃烧波速度为2.08 mm/s。复合粉体以AlB_2和Al_2O_3为主晶相,显微结构为数量较少、粒径约5μm的AlB_2粉弥散分布于粒径约2μm的Al_2O_3和Al的混合粉中。     

Al2O3改性Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3复合陶瓷制备与性能研究

采用草酸盐共沉淀法成功合成了Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFN)纳米粉体,并采用sol-gel法获得Al2O3改性的BFN复合粉体,于1150℃两步烧结3h获得复合陶瓷,研究了Al2O3添加对BFN陶瓷微观形貌和介电性能的影响.结果表明:BFN · xAl2O3(x=4wt;,6wt;,8wt;)复合粉体颗粒分布均匀,粒径约为50 nm.Al2O3的加入可明显降低陶瓷的烧结温度.Al2 O3添加量为4wt;的复合陶瓷有高的介电常数,较小的介电损耗和良好的温度稳定性.BFN·xAl2O3复合陶瓷中存在的介电弛豫行为符合Arrhenius定律,是一个热激活过程,随着x的增加,复合陶瓷的激活能逐渐增大,这与无定形Al2O3增加了陶瓷的弛豫势垒,使界面极化减弱相关.     

C3N4-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合粉体的溶剂热制备及光催化性能

利用无水氯化钙-钛酸四正丁酯-无水乙醇体系,通过加入一定摩尔配比的C3N4粉体用溶剂热法制备了C3N4-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合材料粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD),比表面积(BET)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的显微结构进行检测分析,并利用紫外-可见吸收光度计分析了样品对光的吸收特性,研究不同摩尔配比的C3N4粉体复合量对CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的物相结构、微观形貌以及其光催化性能的影响,并考察了不同光源对所制备样品性能的影响.实验结果表明:C3N4粉体的引入显著提高了CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的光催化活性,且当CaTi2O4(OH)2:C3N4物质的量之比为1:0.75时,复合样品的光催化降解率在250nm光源照射下K可达到最大值0.02338min-1.     

水热LSS法制备La(OH)3 纳米晶

采用基于在水热合成的过程中发生于液相、固相和溶液相界面处的相扩散和分离机制的液相(Liquid)-固相(Solid)-溶液相(Solution)(LSS)法成功地制备出具有规则形状的La(OH)3纳米晶,主要研究了水热反应釜填充比、水热反应温度等工艺因素对La(OH)3纳米晶的晶粒尺寸及相组成的影响.采用X射线衍射仪、纳米粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜对所制备的La(OH)3纳米晶进行表征.结果表明:所制备的La(OH)3由直径约为10～40nm的纳米晶组成,晶粒尺寸分布均匀;随着水热反应温度从120℃增加到220℃,La(OH)3纳米晶结晶程度提高,晶粒的平均尺寸从14nm增加到40nm;在60～80;范围内,水热反应釜填充比对La(OH)3纳米晶的粒度影响不大.     

纳米Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷复合粉体的醇-水加热法制备与表征

为制备分散均匀的纳米尺度的共晶陶瓷复合粉体,采用Al(NO3)3·9H2O和Gd2O3作为原材料,通过醇-水加热法制备了纳米尺度的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶成分陶瓷粉体.研究了溶液初始浓度配比和pH值等对复合粉体粒径的影响.通过SEM、TEM、FT-IR和BET N2吸附法等手段表征了前驱体颗粒大小和分散性3确定最佳的前驱体制备工艺,对前驱体进行煅烧制得Al2O3/GdAlO3复合陶瓷粉体.结果表明,前驱体粒径和分散性受制备工艺影响较大;特别是,最佳工艺制备的前驱体平均粒径20 nm,分散性良好,形貌多呈球形;1250℃煅烧后得到的Al2O3/GdAlO3共晶陶瓷粉体的晶化良好、成分均匀,粉体粒径100～200 nm.     

Yb2O3-Y2O3-Gd2O3-ZrO2热障涂层制备及性能研究

以Yb2O3、Y2O3 、Gd2O3稀土氧化物粉末和ZrOCl2·8H2O粉末为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备了Yb2O3-Y2O3-Gd2O3-ZrO2 (YYGZO)热喷涂用粉末,采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了YYGZO涂层,利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)研究了YYGZO粉末及涂层的微观组织形貌、相结构.结果表明,制备的热喷涂YYGZO粉末大部分呈规则实心球体状,且球形度良好,颗粒粒径均匀,大部分颗粒粒径分布为30～60μm,流动性能较好,满足大气等离子喷涂的要求.YYGZO涂层具有较好的高温相结构稳定性.所制备YYGZO热障涂层组织结构比较致密,涂层各个界面结合紧密,孔隙率约为9.23;,结合强度为35.2 MPa.     

ZnSn(OH)6/SrSn(OH)6光催化降解甲苯的性能研究

采用简单的共沉淀法制备了新型ZnSn(OH)₆/SrSn(OH)₆复合光催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见-漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、N₂吸附脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对样品的结构、形貌和光吸收性质进行了表征,并以甲苯为目标污染物对其光催化性能进行评价。结果表明,与纯相SrSn(OH)₆和ZnSn(OH)₆相比,复合材料ZnSn(OH)₆/SrSn(OH)₆的紫外光吸收能力显著增强,光生载流子的复合效率降低,进而增强了其光催化降解甲苯的效率。复合样品ZSH/SSH-10摩尔比为10%对甲苯的降解率达到58%,是SrSn(OH)₆单体的1.35倍。循环使用5次后,ZSH/SSH-10的降解率仍保持51%以上,说明该催化剂具有良好的循环稳定性。     

片状 β-氢氧化镍的合成及表征

以氨水为沉淀剂,水热法制备了微纳米片状β-Ni(OH)2粉体,重点考察镍源、反应温度、反应时间、pH值、氨水用量、分散剂聚乙二醇600用量等对片状β-Ni(OH)2的结构和形貌的影响;用XRD、SEM、循环伏安法和交流阻抗法等手段对样品进行了表征.研究结果表明:醋酸镍为镍源,镍氨摩尔比为1:6,添加聚乙二醇600质量为2 g,pH值12,反应温度为200℃,反应时间24 h的条件下制备的六方片状β-Ni(OH)2粉体结晶最完整,分散性能优异,电化学活性高,具有良好的电容特性.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of new carbonate NaPb2(CO3)2(OH)

Crystals of a new lead carbonate, NaPb₂(CO₃)₂(OH), sp. gr. P31c, were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The crystal structure was established by the heavy-atom method without knowing the exact chemical formula of the compound. The polar structure of the carbonate and the distortion of the pseudosymmetry described by the supergroup P $\bar 3$ 1c are caused by the acentric arrangement of the oxygen atoms providing the satisfactory coordination of Pb and Na atoms. The bonds between a hydroxyl group and two crystallographically independent Pb atoms are directed along the c-axis and have different lengths. The study of the carbonate by the second harmonic generation method in a temperature range of 20–250°C revealed the nonlinear optical properties comparable with the similar properties of quartz. The comparison of the structure of the new carbonate with a number of carbonates demonstrated that the new compound is structurally similar to ewaldite BaCa(CO₃)₂, diorthosilicate NaBa₃[Si₂O₇](OH), and Ba[AlSiO₄]₂ containing a double silicon—oxygen layer.     

Structural and spectroscopic study of Mg13.4(OH)6(HVO4)2(H0.2VO4)6

Single‐crystals of the polar compound magnesium hydrogen vanadate(V), Mg_13.4(OH)₆(HVO₄)₂(H_0.2VO₄)₆, were synthesized hydrothermally. It represents the first hydrogen vanadate(V) among inorganic compounds. Its structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [space group P 6₃mc, a = 12.9096(2), c = 5.0755(1) Å, V = 732.55(2) ų, Z = 1]. The crystal structure of Mg_13.4(OH)₆(HVO₄)₂(H_0.2VO₄)₆ consists of well separated, vacancy‐interrupted chains of face sharing Mg2O₆ octahedra, with short Mg2—Mg2 distances of 2.537(1) Å, embedded in a porous magnesium vanadate 3D framework having the topology of the zeolite cancrinite. All three hydrogen positions in the structure were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Crystal structure of lepidocrocite FeO(OH) from the electron-diffractometry data

The crystal structure of lepidocrocite γ-FeO(OH) with the lattice parameters a = 3.072(2), b = 12.516(3), c = 3.873(2) Å, sp. gr. Cmcm has been refined by the electron-diffractometry data for 135 crystallographically nonequivalent reflections up to R = 0.048. Using the difference syntheses of the Fourier potential, we established, for the first time, the anisotropy in the distribution of the electrostatic potential of hydrogen and the statistical occupancy (with the probability of 1/2) by hydrogen atoms of two positions in the m plane normal to the a-axis at a distance of 0.27 Å from the twofold axis. The O-H distance equals 0.97(3) Å, the O-H?O angle, 135°. The average Fe-O distance in octahedra is 2.022 Å.     

Molecular structure of PhOCH2CH(OH)CH2OPh

The molecular structure of PhOCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OPh has been determined. The C—O—C—C—C—O—C backbone adopts an anti-anti-anti-anti conformation. Inter-molecular O—H ··· O hydrogen-bonding results in dimeric units which stack into zig-zag tapes. Crystal data: orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 10.383(1), b = 8.0532(0), c = 31.295(3) Å, V = 2616.8(3) ų, and Z = 8.     

From Cd(OH)2 nanoflakes to CdSe nanochains: Synthesis and characterization

A facile sacrificial template route was introduced to prepare close CdSe nanochains by the hydrothermal method using Cd(OH)₂ as a sacrificial template and precursor. Cd(OH)₂ nanoflakes were synthesized by an alkali salt mineralizing hydrothermal process at 200 °C for 20 h, which was the key step in preparing the CdSe nanostructures. Subsequently, the as-prepared Cd(OH)₂ nanoflakes were converted into CdSe nanochains in Na₂SeSO₃ solution by hydrothermal process under through time and temperature control. The as-prepared products were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM and SAED. A possible explanation of the growth mechanism has been proposed. Initially, CdSe nanoparticles are presumed to nucleate on the surface of the sacrificial template of a Cd(OH)₂ nanoflake. These particles further grow and assemble into 1-D close or open CdSe nanochains on top of Cd(OH)₂ nanoflake skeleton through the Ostwald ripening process. This method is suggested as applicable to synthesizing other chalcogenide nanostructures as well.