TiO2/Ni3[Ge2O5](OH)4复合材料的制备及光催化性能

以Ni₃[Ge₂O₅](OH)₄为载体,氟钛酸铵为原料,采用水热辅助液相沉积法制备了纳米TiO₂/ Ni₃[Ge₂O₅](OH)₄复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱分析(RM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HTEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等表征手段对样品的物相组成、结构特性及微观形貌做了检测分析,并且探究了不同二氧化钛负载量对纳米TiO₂/Ni₃[Ge₂O₅](OH)₄复合材料光降解亚甲基蓝能力的影响规律。结果表明,实验实现了纳米TiO₂与Ni₃[Ge₂O₅](OH)₄的紧密复合与有效分散,TiO₂为锐钛矿型结构,平均粒径20 nm。该复合材料能够有效抑制光生载流子的复合,改善材料的吸附性能,提高材料的光催化效率。当复合材料中TiO₂与Ni₃[Ge₂O₅](OH)₄的摩尔比为3.1∶1时,材料对亚甲基蓝的光催化效率最高,90 min亚甲基蓝的光降解率为99.81％。     

C3N4-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合粉体的溶剂热制备及光催化性能

利用无水氯化钙-钛酸四正丁酯-无水乙醇体系,通过加入一定摩尔配比的C3N4粉体用溶剂热法制备了C3N4-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合材料粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD),比表面积(BET)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的显微结构进行检测分析,并利用紫外-可见吸收光度计分析了样品对光的吸收特性,研究不同摩尔配比的C3N4粉体复合量对CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的物相结构、微观形貌以及其光催化性能的影响,并考察了不同光源对所制备样品性能的影响.实验结果表明:C3N4粉体的引入显著提高了CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的光催化活性,且当CaTi2O4(OH)2:C3N4物质的量之比为1:0.75时,复合样品的光催化降解率在250nm光源照射下K可达到最大值0.02338min-1.     

基于四核铜簇单元构筑的配位聚合物及光催化降解性能

以1,3-双咪唑基丙烷(1,3-BIP)、1,3,5-苯三甲酸(H₃BTC)和Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O为原料,在溶剂热条件下合成了Cu(II)配位聚合物[Cu₂(μ₃-OH)(1,3-BIP)(BTC)]_n(SNUT-20),并用元素分析、热重分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射等表征手段对配位聚合物进行了表征。单晶X射线衍射解析结果表明,配位聚合物SNUT-20是一个以四核铜簇作为次级结构单元,通过混合配体的进一步连接,形成一个3,8双节点的拓扑结构。此外,配位聚合物SNUT-20对罗丹明B(RhB)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和甲基橙(MO)表现出良好的光催化降解性能,对RhB、MB、MO的降解率分别达到了81.5%、89.4%和48.3%。     

高锰酸钾对石墨烯及石墨烯-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合材料电化学性能的影响

由于CaTi2O4(OH)2导电性较差,为进一步提升CaTi2O4(OH)2电化学性能,将具有优异导电性的石墨烯材料与之复合.采用C为原料,H2 SO4为插层剂,KMnO4为氧化剂还原制得石墨烯,将两者复合制备石墨烯-CaTi2 O4(OH)2复合材料.研究高锰酸钾用量对石墨烯-CaTi2O4(OH)2复合材料电化学性能的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的显微结构、形貌进行检测分析,采用恒电流充放电(CP)和循环伏安(CV)等技术测试其电化学性能.实验结果表明:当高锰酸钾用量5 g时,可以制备出氧化、还原程度良好,电化学性能优异的石墨烯,与CaTi2O4(OH)2复合制得样品电极,其电化学性能最优,在5 A/g的工作电流密度下,样品比电容高达394.2 F·g-1是纯CaTi2O4(OH)2电容值(162 F·g-1)的2.43倍.     

氢氧化镍/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

以六水合硝酸镍和氧化石墨烯为原料,多孔泡沫镍为基底,尿素为沉淀剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为分散剂,采用简单的一步水热还原法,制备Ni(OH)₂/RGO复合电极材料。对制备得到的Ni(OH)₂/RGO电极材料进行形貌结构表征,并通过循环伏安(CV)和恒电流充放电(GCD)测试研究了材料的电化学性能。通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析确定了Ni(OH)₂和Ni(OH)₂/RGO的晶型,SEM结果表明,丝绸状还原氧化石墨烯片有效且均匀地分布在Ni(OH)₂层的表面,在水热过程中Ni(OH)₂片原位生长在泡沫镍上,形成三维多孔多层多样化结构。与纯Ni(OH)₂相比,1 A/g下纯Ni(OH)₂的比电容为1 930 F/g,而Ni(OH)₂/RGO比电容高达2 508 F/g。这些结果表明Ni(OH)₂/RGO是一种很有前途的超级电容器电极候选材料。     

溶剂热合成Co(OH)2/活性炭复合电极材料及其电化学性能研究

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O,CO(NH2)2和活性炭(AC)为原料,利用溶剂热法合成了Co(OH) 2/AC复合电极材料.X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱和热重分析显示,产物是约为2 μm无定形的Co(OH)2薄片状粒子与AC颗粒复合.电化学测试表明,在6 mol/L KOH电解液中电流密度为1A·g-1时,电极材料的比电容达301F·g-1,倍率特性良好(164 F·g-1,20 A·g-1);比电容值比AC和Co(OH)2分别提高了89;和35;.复合材料电化学性能提升源自于高导电性活性炭和高赝电容比容量Co(OH)2间的协同作用.     

[(Epy)2][MnBr2I2]配合物的合成、晶体结构及发光性能

室温下,以N-乙基吡啶碘盐(Epy)I和四水溴化锰(MnBr₂·4H₂O)为原料合成了一种零维发光材料[(Epy)₂][MnBr₂I₂]。对该配合物进行元素含量分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射、粉末X射线衍射、紫外可见吸收光谱、光致发光光谱及X射线激发发射光谱等测试。单晶X射线衍射结果表明:配合物为单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,中心离子Mn(Ⅱ)为四面体构型,晶胞参数为a=2.825 5(6) nm,b=0.839 71(17) nm,c=1.836 0(4) nm。在332 nm紫外光激发下,配合物发出528 nm的绿光,对应于四面体Mn(Ⅱ)配合物的⁴T₁(G)→⁶A₁特征辐射跃迁,荧光寿命为58.85 μs,荧光量子产率为58.29%。X射线激发光谱表明配合物发光强度较高,具有X射线荧光性能。     

CaTi2O4(OH)2在不同NaOH体积下的结构分析与光催化性能研究

采用水热法改变NaOH体积制备了不同形貌的CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行了微观结构分析,并利用紫外-可见吸收测试仪对样品的吸收边进行了测试与分析.研究不同NaOH体积对CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构的发育与生长、产率和光催化性能的影响.结果表明:随着NaOH体积的增加,有利于CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构的发育与生长,并在(040)、(251)、(371)晶面上具有择优生长的习性,使得CaTi2O4(OH)2产率可达到94.2;.然而,所制备样品的光吸收与光催化性能却随着NaOH体积的增加反而降低.当加入2.4 mL NaOH所制备样品在紫外可见光下120 min对罗丹明B的分解率达到93.7;.     

水/乙醇摩尔比对CaTi2O4(OH)2纳米片状结构及电化学性能的影响

利用一步溶剂热法制备了CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构.利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜测试样品的晶体结构和形貌,采用CHI660E电化学工作站对样品进行电化学性能分析,研究水/乙醇摩尔比对CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的物相、形貌及电化学性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着水/乙醇摩尔比增加,样品的比电容先增加后减小,当水/乙醇摩尔比为50/10时,当水/乙醇摩尔比为50/10时,样品在10 mA/cm2电流密度下比电容达到最优值268.8 F·g-1.     

Nb掺杂下CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构的溶剂热制备及光催化性能研究

利用无水氯化钙-钛酸四正丁酯-无水乙醇体系,通过掺杂Nb用溶剂热法制备了CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构.利用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积测试仪(BET)对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计分析了样品对光的吸收特性,研究掺人不同Nb量对CaTi2O4(OH)2样品的物相结构、微观形貌以及其光催化性能的影响,并考察了不同光源对所制备样品性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着Nb掺杂量的增加,样品的结晶度逐渐增加,当Nb掺杂量为6;时,CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构结晶度达到最大值75.92;,此时在光源250 nm照射下光催化性能达到最优,进一步增加Nb掺杂量8;,光催化性能随之降低.这主要是样品的结晶度、能级和比表面积减小成为主导因素.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of micro/nanostructured ZnSn(OH)6/ZnO composite architectures

Micro/nanostructured ZnSn(OH)₆/ZnO composite architectures were synthesized through a simple one‐step hydrothermal method. Phase structure and morphology of the products were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). ZnSn(OH)₆ microcubes and ZnO nanorods with uniform size were interconnected to form the micro/nanostructured architectures. ZnO nanorods preferentially grow at edges and corners of the microcubes. Morphology of the products was susceptible to concentration of the reactants. With increasing reactant concentration, the ZnO nanorods grown on the surfaces of ZnSn(OH)₆ microcubes disappeared. Meanwhile, the smooth surfaces of the ZnSn(OH)₆ microcubes become coarsened and were etched to spherical outlines. Growth mechanism of the micro/nanostructured ZnSn(OH)₆/ZnO composite architectures was discussed and thermal decomposition properties of the micro/nanostructured ZnSn(OH)₆/ZnO composite architectures at high temperature were examined. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synthesis and characterization of carbon‐doped ZnSn(OH)6 with enhanced photoactivity by hydrothermal method

Well‐dispersed carbon‐doped ZnSn(OH)₆ submicrocubes were successfully synthesized through a facile and economical hydrothermal method at 433K, which used green chemical glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) as the carbon‐doping source. Photocatalytic activity of the as‐synthesized C‐doped ZnSn(OH)₆ was evaluated by studying photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation(≥ 400 nm). The results show that carbon‐doped ZnSn(OH)₆ photocatalysts exhibited higher photocatalytic performance as compared to pure ZnSn(OH)₆. 1.0 wt% C‐doped ZnSn(OH)₆ photocatalyst exhibited obviously higher photocatalytic activity that of pure ZnSn(OH)₆ or other C‐ZnSn(OH)₆ catalysts under the same condition. The enhanced photocatalytic degradation of MB could be attributed to the doping of carbon and the possible mechanism for high photocatalytic activity of C‐doped ZnSn(OH)₆ was discussed.     

Synthesis of ZnSn(OH)6 regular octahedrons by a simple hydrothermal process

ZnSn(OH)₆ regular octahedrons were successfully synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method using an aqueous solution containing ZnO flower‐like structures, SnCl₄·5H₂O, and NaOH. Phase structure, morphology and microstructure of the samples were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Parameters in preparation process such as the ratios of Sn⁴⁺/OH^‐, the molar ratio of Zn/Sn and reaction time were discussed. Results show that the obtained samples are comprised of ZnSn(OH)₆ regular octahedrons with about 2 μm in side length and ZnSn(OH)₆ urchins‐like structures. ZnSn(OH)₆ urchins‐like structures preferentially grow on the edges and corners of regular octahedrons. Morphology of the products is susceptible to the ratios of Sn⁴⁺/OH^‐. A relatively low concentration of OH^‐ is favored to obtain ZnSn(OH)₆ regular octahedrons with urchins‐like structures on the surface, while a high concentration of OH^‐ results in a handful of regular octahedrons without urchins‐like structures on the surface. When the molar ratio of Zn/Sn changes to 1:2 or 2:1, the edges and corners of regular octahedrons become coarse and urchins‐like structures disappear from the surface. More urchins‐like structures form on the surface of regular octahedrons and the edges and corners of regular octahedrons become coarsened with the increase of reaction time. Moreover, the possible mechanism for ZnSn(OH)₆ regular octahedrons is discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Influence of decomposition parameters on agglomeration process and total soda content in precipitated Al(OH)3

Grain size composition of precipitated Al(OH)₃ is dependent on the mechanism of decomposition process of the caustic solution which determines crystal growth process, agglomeration process and secondary nucleation. Because the literature data shows that the growth rate is very low, the agglomeration process plays an important role in increasing the initial particle size. On the other hand, the agglomeration process enables the inclusion of impurities by the grain boundary of sticking Al(OH)₃ particles, above all, the inclusion of soda Na₂O.

In this paper we investigate the influence of caustic soda concentration Na₂O_(c), that is the supersaturation of the solution, seed charge and seed grain size on the agglomeration and secondary nucleation processes and total soda content in precipitated Al(OH)₃. The results have shown that the factor which causes the increase of the agglomeration process also causes the increase of total soda content in precipitated Al(OH)₃.     

碱式磷酸锌光学性质的理论计算及其实验验证

Zn₂(OH)PO₄ (ZPOH)属于正交晶系,其空间群为P2₁2₁2,该结构没有对称中心。基于赝势平面波方法,计算了ZPOH的电子结构,线性折射率和倍频(SHG)系数,并拟合了色散方程。为了验证计算值,使用水热法合成了ZPOH微晶,实验测得其SHG效应与理论计算相符,同时测试了ZPOH的紫外(UV)吸收边及其热稳定性。     

基于构象灵活的N-杂环配体构筑的3D拟卤化亚铜配合物的合成、结构和性质研究

溶剂热条件下,通过无机阶梯状链[Cu(SCN)]_n与柔性有机配体1,3-二(4-吡啶基)丙烷(bpp)自组装,得到了一例新型的3D有机-无机杂化配合物[Cu₄(SCN)₄(bpp)₂]_n (1)。值得关注的是,不对称单元中的bpp配体显示两种不同的构象(trans-gauche或trans-trans),并连接梯形的[Cu(SCN)]_n链形成结晶学独立的[Cu₂(SCN)₂(bpp)]_n (A和B)层。紧接着, 两个不同的层通过ABB′A′的顺序排列形成独特的三维褶皱结构。进一步对配合物1进行了红外光谱(FT-IR)、粉末衍射(PXRD)、热分析、固体紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光性质研究。固体紫外-可见光谱表明配合物在紫外区有强的吸收并且具有半导体性质,带隙能E_g为3.20 eV。光催化性能测试结果表明,配合物1在紫外光照射下对中性红(NR)、甲基橙(MO)、天青I(AI)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和亮蓝(ED)这五种染料表现出不同的光催化活性,这可能与有机染料的尺寸和电荷差异有关。此外,荧光测试表明配合物在室温下表现出较强的绿色发光性质,在525 nm附近有强的荧光发射峰。这种发射可能与配体中心激发态有关,可能涉及金属到配体或配体到配体的电荷转移。     

水热反应温度对CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体微观形貌与紫外光催化性能的影响

以钛酸正丁酯和无水氯化钙为原料,采用水热法制备了不同紫外光催化特性的CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的相结构和微观形貌进行了分析,并结合粉体的紫外-可见吸收分光光谱表征了材料的吸收特性及带隙宽度.研究了不同水热反应温度对CaTi2O4(OH)2物相结构、微观形貌、晶体生长特性及紫外光催化性能的影响.结果表明:水热反应温度控制在160~200 ℃时,保温36 h都能得到纯的CaTi2O4(OH)2相,粉体的形貌随着水热反应温度的提高经历了由片状和颗粒垛堆到发育成完整的片状形貌过程,当水热反应温度在200 ℃时,片与片之间出现积聚现象;在水热反应温度为180 ℃时,制备的粉体具有最高的结晶度,在紫外光5 h下对罗丹明B的催化效率最佳.