螺旋槽干气密封槽形参数的协调优化

应用PH线性化方法、迭代法,近似求解了螺旋槽内稳态流动场的非线性雷诺方程,求得了气体动压和速度分布的解析解.利用多目标优化方法构建了气膜刚度与泄漏量之比的协调函数,并对该目标函数进行了近似求解,获得了最佳的螺旋槽几何参数值.     

基于近似模型的非线性区间数优化方法及其应用

在不确定优化中,非线性区间数优化方法由于需要嵌套优化,造成计算效率低下而阻碍其应用于工程实际.本文提出了一种基于径向基函数近似模型的求解方法,以提高非线性区间数优化方法的计算效率.该方法利用拉丁超立方实验设计方法采样,建立目标函数和各约束的径向基函数近似模型.利用近似模型代替嵌套优化中的真实模型,再用非线性区间数优化方法进行求解,从而提高了非线性区间数优化方法的计算效率,使得该算法在工程应用方面成为可能.用一个测试函数验证了该方法的可行性,最后将方法应用于车身薄壁梁的耐撞性优化.     

连续体结构屈曲约束的ICM方法拓扑优化

基于ICM(独立、连续、映射)方法解决具有屈曲约束的连续体拓扑优化问题。建立以结构重量为目标,以屈曲临界力为约束的拓扑优化模型;采用独立的连续拓扑变量,借助泰勒展式将目标函数作二阶近似展开;借助瑞利商、泰勒展式、过滤函数将约束化为近似显函数,避免了灵敏度的计算;将优化模型转化为对偶规划,并利用序列二次规划求解,减少了设计变量的数目,缩小了模型的求解规模。给出三个算例,结果表明:该方法可有效地解决屈曲约束的连续体拓扑优化问题,能够得到合理的拓扑结构,并有较高的计算效率。     

近似评价函数确定运动极限及其在形状优化中的应用

针对二维连续体形状优化过程中解析灵敏度求解困难的情况,利用响应面方法将目标函数和约束函数近似显式化,建立序列二次规划模型。为了保证优化模型的可靠性,结合试验设计方法,以较少的结构分析代价构造约束响应面,从而能够快而稳定地收敛,本文重点研究并建立了二次近似评价函数用以计算自适应运动极限的策略。算例说明这种策略是有效而稳定的。     

数值流形方法中线性相关性问题的研究

数值流形方法的形函数由覆盖函数和局部近似函数组成,形函数之间往往存在线性相关性。在现有研究成果的基础上对形函数线性相关性进行了分析,指出线性相关性的根源在于覆盖函数具有单位分解特性,并与单元形状有关。研究了线性相关性与整体刚度矩阵奇异性以及求解收敛性之间的关系,指出形函数线性相关不一定导致整体刚度矩阵奇异。对8结点六面体高阶流形单元的局部近似函数及单元形状与线性相关性之间的关系进行了分析,构造出一种完全线性独立的流形单元。通过算例分析了8结点六面体流形单元局部近似函数中一次完全多项式对求解精度和收敛性的影响,发现采用一次完全多项式局部近似函数的形函数虽然线性相关,但求解仍然收敛,且精度高于线性无关的单元。     

Hermite梯度重构核近似配点法及其在功能梯度材料板的静力分析中的应用

由于直接配点法在求解边值问题时边界上的求解精度较低,本文提出了Hermite梯度重构核近似配点法（HGCM）来改进边界求解精度。重构核近似是无网格法中一种常用的近似函数,但是其在求解高阶导数时格式复杂且非常耗时。HGCM采用梯度重构核近似构建形函数的任意高阶导数,提高了计算效率;通过Hermite配点法构建离散方程,提高了边界求解精度。这种方法在求解对应变系数四阶偏微分方程的功能梯度材料板的静力问题时精度高,计算效率高,并可进一步推广应用于高阶偏微分方程描述的边值问题。     

多约束作用下连续体结构的拓扑优化

基于ICM(独立、连续、映射)方法建立了以结构重量最小为目标,以屈曲临界力、位移及应力三种约束同时作用的连续体拓扑优化模型:采用独立的连续拓扑变量,借助泰勒展式、过滤函数将目标函数作二阶近似展开。借助瑞利商、泰勒展式、过滤函数将屈曲约束化为近似显函数,借助于过滤函数,将位移约束用莫尔定理显式化;将应力这种局部性约束采用全局化策略进行处理,即借助第四强度理论、过滤函数将应力局部性约束转化为应变能约束,大大减少了灵敏度分析的计算量;将优化模型转化为对偶规划,减少了设计变量的数目,并利用序列二次规划求解,缩小了模型的求解规模。数值算例表明,ICM方法在解决屈曲、位移及应力三种约束共同作用的连续体拓扑优化问题上有优势。     

改进广义移动最小二乘近似的无网格法

无网格法是求解微分方程定解问题的一种新数值方法.移动最小二乘近似只要求近似函数在各节点处的误差的平方和最小,对近似函数导数的误差没有任何约束.而广义移动最小二乘近似要求近似函数及其导数在所有节点处的误差的平方和最小.为了降低计算工作量,本文构造了要求近似函数在全部节点处和任意阶导数在部分节点处误差的平方和最小的改进广义移动最小二乘近似.数值计算显示本文提供的方法关于函数值和各阶导数值都具有很高的精度.     

非确定性结构静动态特性稳健优化设计

本文研究了考虑参数随机性的结构静动态特性稳健性优化设计问题的数学模型和数值求解。在考虑结构设计变量和其研究了考虑参数随机性的结构静动态特性稳健性优化设计问题的数学模型和数值求 解. 在考虑结构设计变量和其他参数随机分布的前二阶矩的条件下，采用基于二阶摄动法的 随机有限元方法对结构响应的平均值和方差进行近似求解. 在摄动法有限元分析的框架下， 提出以一般函数形式表达的结构性能的平均值和标准差及其灵敏度的计算格式. 将结构 稳健性优化设计问题构造为双目标优化问题，优化目标包含结构性能函数的期望值和标准 差，约束函数的变异也给予考虑. 优化问题采用基于函数梯度的算法进行求解. 文中给出的数值算例显示了方法的有效性.     

基于可行域调整策略的多约束材料优化设计

研究基于可行域调整策略的多约束结构材料优化问题。建立了以结构柔顺度为目标函数,考虑体积、位移、结构自振频率为约束条件的结构材料优化模型和目标函数及约束函数近似式,并采用可行域调整策略和对偶算法求解。典型结构材料优化设计结果表明:可行域调整策略使优化过程平稳,获得的序列细观结构拓扑构型清晰;相比于单一体积约束结构拓扑优化求解,考虑多约束结构拓扑优化能获得更好的黑白占优解。     

阶跃函数高精度逼近的结构拓扑优化方法

为了提高ICM(Independent Continuous and Mapping,即独立、连续及映射)方法求解结构拓扑优化问题的效率,本文改进了阶跃函数及其反函数的近似逼近函数——磨光函数和过滤函数。首先,分别对ICM方法的磨光函数和过滤函数按其近似性质进行了分类,分别提出了左磨函数及上磨函数和快滤函数、慢滤函数诸概念。然后得到了区分左磨函数和上磨函数、快滤函数和慢滤函数的两个判别定理;并得到了上磨函数、快滤函数、左磨函数及慢滤函数的对应定理。进而给出了磨光函数和过滤函数的使用准则及构造方法。采用高精度逼近阶跃函数的指数类函数做左磨函数,建立近似程度更高的结构拓扑优化模型。上述策略带来了模型非线性程度的提高,增加了求解难度。为此,针对该模型给出了精确对偶映射下的序列二次近似解法。最后,以位移约束下结构重量最轻化问题为例,叙述了相应的算法。与以往采用幂函数做磨光函数时算例结果的比较表明,该模型的提法合理,算法更加有效。由于提高了对阶跃函数及其反函数的逼近程度,从而显著减少了优化迭代的次数。     

滑动最小二乘插值函数在板弯曲问题上的应用

 利用滑动最小二乘插值函数作为加权残值法的试函数，分析了 该试函数的拟合特性，对试函数中的基函数以及权函数的选取提出了 建议；采用最小二乘配点法求出试函数中的系数，进而可得到定解问 题的近似解；利用该试函数对薄板的挠曲、中厚板的弯曲两个例子进 行了数值计算，并与理论结果或其它数值结果进行对比，结果表明， 该试函数适用于多种边值问题，且精度高. 该法简化了选择试函数的 过程，尤其适用于工程中的各种数值计算.     

可靠性灵敏度函数及其特征指标的条件概率模拟求解方法

可靠性分析中基本变量分布参数为区间均匀变量时,失效概率为分布参数的函数。基于条件概率马尔科夫链模拟,提出了一种可靠性灵敏度函数的求解方法,并提出了一种新的可靠性灵敏度度量指标,它为参数可靠性灵敏度函数在参数空间上的期望。文中推导了线性极限状态正态变量下全局灵敏度函数及新指标的计算式.并提出了高效的基于条件概率马尔科夫链...     

A STUDY ON THE WEIGHT FUNCTION OF THE MOVING LEAST SQUARE APPROXIMATION IN THE LOCAL BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD

The meshless method is a new numerical technique presented in recent years .It uses the moving least square (MLS) approximation as a shape function . The smoothness of the MLS approximation is determined by that of the basic function and of the weight function, and is mainly determined by that of the weight function. Therefore, the weight function greatly affects the accuracy of results obtained. Different kinds of weight functions, such as the spline function, the Gauss function and so on, are proposed recently by many researchers. In the present work, the features of various weight functions are illustrated through solving elasto-static problems using the local boundary integral equation method. The effect of various weight functions on the accuracy, convergence and stability of results obtained is also discussed. Examples show that the weight function proposed by Zhou Weiyuan and Gauss and the quartic spline weight function are better than the others if parameters c and a in Gauss and exponential weight functions are in the range of reasonable values, respectively, and the higher the smoothness of the weight function, the better the features of the solutions.     

A modified adaptive grid method for recirculating flows

In this study a method of equidistribution of a weight function for grid adaption is modified to produce a smoother grid which yields a more accurate solution. In the original scheme the weight function was estimated on each grid independently and a large variation in the values of the, weight function could generate a highly skewed and non-uniform grid which produced large errors. In this study the weight function is smoothed by coupling neighbouring weight functions. Abrupt changes in the weight function are alleviated and a smoother grid distribution is obtained. With relatively minor modifications of the original weight function it is demonstrated in this study that the solution can be improved. The test cases presented are the one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation, a laminar polar cavity flow, a laminar backwardfacing step flow and a turbulent reacting sudden expansion pipe flow. Numerical efficiencies ranging from factors of five to 10 are achieved over uniform grid methods.     

Magneto-thermo-elastic stresses induced by a transient magnetic field in a conducting solid circular cylinder

In the present paper, dynamic and quasi-static behaviors of magneto-thermo-elastic stresses induced by a transient magnetic field in a conducting solid circular cylinder are investigated. It is assumed that a transient magnetic field which is defined by an arbitrary function of time acts on the surface of the solid cylinder in the direction parallel to its surface. Fundamental equations of plane axisymmetrical electromagnetic, temperature, and elastic fields are formulated. Then, solutions of magnetic field, eddy current, temperature change and both dynamic solutions and quasi-static ones of stresses and deformations are analytically derived in the forms including the arbitrary function. The solutions of stresses are determined to be sums of thermal stress caused by eddy current loss and magnetic stress caused by Lorentz force. For this case that the arbitrary function is given by the smoothed ramp function with sine function, the dynamic and quasi-static behaviors of the stresses are examined by numerical calculations.     

THE WAVELET TRANSFORM OF PERIODIC FUNCTION AND NONSTATIONARY PERIODIC FUNCTION

Some properties of the wavelet transform of trigonometric function, periodic function and nonstationary periodic function have been investigated. The results show that the peak height and width in wavelet energy spectrum of a periodic function are in proportion to its period. At the same time, a new equation, which can truly reconstruct a trigonometric function with only one scale wavelet coefficient, is presented. The reconstructed wave shape of a periodic function with the equation is better than any term of its Fourier series. And the reconstructed wave shape of a class of nonstationary periodic function with this equation agrees well with the function.     

The relation between the Valanis-Landel and classical strain-energy functions

Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the strain-energy function of an isotropic elastic solid, regarded as a function of the strain invariants, to be expressible in the Valanis-Landel form, both when the material is compressible and when it is incompressible. In the case when the Valanis-Landel strain-energy function is a polynomial in squares of the principal extension ratios, explicit representations as polynomials in the basic isotropic strain invariants are obtained.     

连续体结构拓扑优化的一种改进变密度法及其应用

针对连续体结构拓扑优化设计变密度方法SIMP和RAMP,因惩罚函数选取的不合理而导致拓扑结构形式不甚合理的问题,本文提出了一种新的惩罚函数,并基于此函数导出了相应的迭代设计公式,几个典型考题的数值结果,说明了方法的可行性和有效性.     

Physical invariants for nonlinear orthotropic solids

Seven invariants, with immediate physical interpretation, are proposed for the strain energy function of nonlinear orthotropic elastic solids. Three of the seven invariants are the principal stretch ratios and the other four are squares of the dot product between the two preferred directions and two principal directions of the right stretch tensor. A strain energy function, expressed in terms of these invariants, has a symmetrical property almost similar to that of an isotropic elastic solid written in terms of principal stretches. Ground state and stress–strain relations are given. Using principal axes techniques, the formulation is applied, with mathematical simplicity, to several types of deformations. In simple shear, a necessary and sufficient condition is given for Poynting relation and two novel deformation-dependent universal relations are formulated. Using series expansions and the symmetrical property, the proposed general strain energy function is refined to a particular general form. A type of strain energy function, where the ground state constants are written explicitly, is proposed. Some advantages of this type of function are indicated. An experimental advantage is demonstrated by showing a simple triaxial test can vary a single invariant while keeping the remaining invariants fixed.