多级串联式超高速飞片装置实验研究

叙述了有关多级串联飞片速度的实验研究。首先做了预备实验 ,测得了2 0 0mm炸药驱动钢飞片撞击靶板时的平面范围。设计了测量多级飞片速度的实验装置 ,采用电探针方法 ,在一发实验中同时测量了三级飞片的速度。实验测得 :初级飞片速度为 4 87km/s,1mm厚次级钢飞片速度达到 7km/s ,0 .2mm厚末级钼飞片速度接近 10km/s。     

网络爆轰驱动飞片的设计技术

提出使用炸药网络爆轰技术,设计了一种新型的低速飞片击靶加载装置,结合数值模拟和实验测 量,对驱动飞片的速度、平面性及装置结构参数进行了系统分析。实验结果表明,无氧铜飞片可以使直径 100mm、厚度3mm 的飞片在飞行距离2mm 内达到稳定的飞行状态,击靶速度在200~350m/s范围内连 续可调,飞片击靶平面范围大、速度均匀、平面性好,为实现低冲击应力的一维应变加载提供了参考。     

爆炸箔起爆器小尺寸飞片速度测试

设计了一套爆炸箔起爆装置,通过精确控制桥箔-飞片-加速腔三者的定位,在飞片表面镀一定厚度的铝膜（铝膜的质量与飞片的质量相比可忽略）,合理选择VISAR探头的工作距离和与干涉腔延迟时间相关的条纹常数,屏蔽测试系统以及加设滤光片等,利用VISAR测试技术有效解决了小尺寸飞片速度的测试问题。给出了两种尺寸0.7 mm0.025 mm和0.5 mm0.025 mm飞片的速度测试结果。结果表明,采取新的措施后,获得了信噪比好、能正确反映爆炸箔起爆器驱动飞片物理过程的信号和飞片速度历史。     

激光驱动飞片的研究

报道了用商用石英光纤耦合光电器输出的脉冲激光来加速铝膜形成飞片，用激光速度干涉仪测量了飞片的飞行速度历史，得到了飞片的一些特性。     

7 km/s以上超高速发射技术研究进展

介绍了毫克至克量级弹丸7 km/s以上超高速发射技术的国内外研究进展,并对各发射装置的工作原理和技术要素进行了简要阐述.基于电磁驱动准等熵加载,美国ZR装置驱动25 mm×13mm×1.0mm铝飞片至46km/s速度,国内CQ系列磁驱动加载装置实现了 10mmx6mmx0.33mm铝飞片18 km/s的发射.借助于金属箔电爆炸产生高压气体驱动,美国利弗莫尔实验室100kV电炮装置驱动9.5mm×9.5 mm×0.3 mm的Kapton膜至18 km/s,国内流体物理研究所98 kJ和200 kJ电炮装置分别驱动?10 mmx0.2 mm Mylar飞片和?21 mm×0.5 mm Mylar飞片到10 km/s.基于阻抗梯度飞片技术,采用汇聚型和非汇聚型结构三级轻气炮,实现了厘米量级铝飞片和TC4钛飞片12～15 km/s速度发射.这些超高速驱动技术的发展,为空间碎片防护研究提供了坚实的技术支持.     

定向约束提高炸药作功能力的实验研究

采用任意反射面激光干涉测速技术,通过测量飞片的自由面速度,对比研究了50 mm50 mm的含铝炸药在10 mm厚的钢筒约束条件下和无约束状态时对50 mm1.5 mm钢飞片的作功效能,实验结果表明,采用钢筒约束装置后,炸药对钢飞片的作功效能明显提高,钢飞片的飞行速度提高了34.8％,动能提高了81.7％。     

电爆炸驱动小飞片速度测量技术

新型测速系统(全光纤位移干涉仪,AFDI)中,激光距探头小于1mm时,散焦直径小于0.1mm。系统在不需要任何光学辅助装置的条件下,可直接测量电爆炸驱动的小直径飞片(0.5mm、0.7mm)的速度历史曲线,本文中实测的最高速度为3.15mm/μs。     

光纤探针在爆轰实验中的应用实例

介绍了光纤探针在爆轰实验中的两个应用实例：一是利用光纤探针测量爆轰驱动飞片的速度以及飞片的平面性;二是光纤探针在利用稀疏追赶技术测量强爆轰产物——声速中的应用。表明光纤探针是精确测量上述问题的手段之一。     

一种耦合电路分析的磁驱动飞片数值计算方法

分析了磁驱动飞片实验和数值计算的研究现状。根据磁驱动实验装置等效电路建立了可带入参数为表达式的电路计算程序。利用建立好的电路计算程序结合LS－DYNA980 MHD计算软件,建立了一种可以耦合电路分析的磁驱动飞片计算方法。采用这种方法模拟了CQ－4的发射飞片实验,计算结果与实验基本符合。最后分析了极板长度h分别为20、25、30 mm并且充电电压73 k V时磁驱动飞片的速度和平面性,认为实验中极板长度取25 mm比较合适。     

起爆高密度TATB炸药的飞片速度阈值

采用实验与数值模拟相合的方法研究了飞片起爆钝感TATB炸药的性能。设计了飞片可靠起爆钝感TATB炸药的起爆序列,利用全光纤位移干涉测速系统分别测出飞片可靠起爆和未起爆TATB炸药的速度,初步确定飞片起爆钝感TATB炸药的起爆速度阈值。采用DYNA2D程序对飞片起爆TATB炸药过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果与实验结果相符合。     

基于光纤传感器的固体杨氏模量与泊松比测量方法研究

提出了一种基于光纤传感器的测量固体材料杨氏模量与泊松比的方法,给出了Sagnac光纤干涉仪的环形光纤作为点传感器检测声波及用于声速测量的原理,推导出固体中声波速度与材料的杨氏模量及泊松比的关系式.以光纤Sagnac干涉仪作为传感器贴附于三角铸铁导轨表面,分别测出声表面波与纵波的速度,根据理论推导,得到了铸铁的杨氏模量与泊松比.实验结果与理论数值基本吻合,表明了此测量方法的可行性,为固体材料性能评估提供了一种新的方法.     

集成光学角速度传感器系统方案的研究

本文研究了谐振型和干涉型两类集成光学角速度传器（Ｒ－ ＩＯＲＳ 和Ｉ－ ＩＯＲＳ） 的系统方案,设计了两种Ｒ－ ＩＯＲＳ 的光纤仿真实验装置：反射式和透射式,并介绍了对它们的实验研究结果。文中还提出了一种再入式Ｉ－ ＩＯＲＳ的系统方案,并进行了理论分析。     

微光学陀螺仪系统结构的研究

介绍了谐振型和干涉型两种微光学陀螺仪的分辨率计算公式,并在光纤仿真装置上,分别进行了系统结构的实验研究.在谐振型装置中,作为光源采用了具有 Bragg 光栅的窄线宽激光二极管.在干涉型装置中,为了保证双向光束在Sagnac 效应敏感环 (SSR) 中可以循环传播,采用了大功率的超辐射发光二极管(SLD)作为光源.为了保持双向光束在 SSR 中循环传播多圈,需要在 SSR 中插入一个光放大器,以补偿光束在传播中的各种损耗.研究结果表明,所建议的系统结构对于开发中等精度的微光学陀螺仪产品具有可行性.     

Direct determination of curvatures of bent plates using a double-glass-plate shearing interferometer

A single-exposure reflective moiré technique for the direct recording of curvature contours of laterally loaded plates is proposed. The specular reflection of a coherent, collimated beam of light by the loaded specimen is collected by a field lens and focussed onto a shearing interferometer. The shearing interferometer consists of two thin, identical plane-parallel glass plates, placed successively in the optical path near the focal plane and aligned at 45 deg to the optical axis. The two plates shear the narrow convergent beam from the lens twice optically, producing three sets of images—superposing one over the other—at the image plane. Curvature fringes result in the region overlapped by all three images.     

A combination optical method of lateral shearing interferometry and caustics

A novel experimental technique is presented that combines the optical method of caustics and the full-field lateral shearing interferometer of coherent gradient sensing (CGS) in one setup. Collimated light transmitted through a deformed specimen is separated into two legs. One is processed by the lateral shearing interferometer and is recombined with the other on a single image plane. By adjusting the optical path length of each leg, a combination lateral shearing interferogram/caustic image is generated. When this technique is applied to a fracture specimen, information about the stress intensity factor can be obtained from the caustic and the CGS interference fringes for exactly the same deformation field. This allows for a direct comparison between the two methods when investigating phenomena such asK-dominance, three-dimensional deformation and so on. In this paper, the technique is presented in detail, and its feasibility is tested by application to mode I and mixed-mode crack tip deformation fields.     

角色散FP干涉测速技术应用与分析

发展了固定腔结构的角色散FP干涉测速系统,干涉仪结构紧凑,采用固定腔标准具,实现了干涉 条纹永久免调,并且条纹常数的标定非常简单。该系统可用于靶面反射光强动态变化很大的场合,在电炮驱 动Mylar膜飞片实验中,光强变化达100倍时仍然获得了很好的结果。分析了标准具厚度误差、标准具端面 不平行、干涉条纹动态展宽和扫描图像畸变等因素对系统测量精度的影响以及系统的速度和时间分辨能力。     

Progress in Doppler picture velocimetry (DPV)

The special wide-field Michelson interferometer designed at ISL transforms the Doppler frequency shift of light scattered by tracer particles crossing a light sheet into a shift of luminous intensity at the output of the Michelson interferometer, yielding information about the particle velocity. To overcome former disadvantages, the optical set-up as well as the Doppler picture-processing algorithm were further improved. The present status of Doppler picture velocimetry (DPV) is explained by means of measurements carried out at Mach 6 in the ISL shock tunnel STA. The vertical velocity distribution around several bodies, such as a wedge, a sphere and a cylinder was visualized and measured.     

Distributed strain sensing using frequency-modulated continuous-wave reflectometric optical technique

This paper presents an analysis describing the feasibility of a distributed optical fiber strain sensor whose principle of operation is based on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) reflectometry technique. The system consists of a frequency-swept laser diode and an unbalanced two-beam interferometer. In this system, the test arm comprises a number of single-mode fibers, which act as the sensing fibers, with a mirror at the far end and mechanical splices as the connectors, as well as the reflectors. Theoretical analysis shows that the measuring resolution of the strain is inversely proportional to the length of the sensing fiber. The strain variation of the sensing fiber is measured by demodulating the phase shift of the beat signal using a heterodyne signal processing system, and therefore the requirement of a high precision temperature control of the light source can be eliminated in this way. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental values of the strain resolution showed excellent agreement.     

Analysis of Speckle Photographs by Subtracting Phase Functions of Digital Fourier Transforms

This paper presents a method for measuring displacements and strain in digital speckle photography that is an alternative to currently used correlation techniques. The method is analogous to heterodyne speckle photogrammetry wherein optical Fourier transforms were taken of individually recorded specklegrams and combined in a heterodyne interferometer where an electronic phase meter measured the phase differences between the two transforms. Here, digital photographs are recorded and Fourier transformed so that their phase functions can be subtracted and fitted to a linear function of the transform coordinates. The effect of different recording and processing parameters is investigated. It is found that incoherent speckles give better results than those formed by coherent laser light. In addition, image correlation is used to process an identical data set so that comparison of the two methods can be made.     

High-magnification moiré interferometer for crack tip analysis of steels

A high-magnification moiré interferometer, particularly suitable for near-tip field analysis in cracked materials, is described. It has a submillimeter field of view, a high-resolution image sensor (1.4 million pixels), X-Y-Z translation stage and an optical fiber light delivery system. These features enable the microscope head to observe the crack tip while the specimen is loaded in a standard tensile test machine. Automated fringe pattern analysis, using temporal phase shifting and spatial phase unwrapping, enables thex ory displacement component to be measured and the corresponding in-plane strain component computed. The displacement placement accuracy is better than 40 nm, and the effective strain gage dimension is ∼ 25 μm. Furthermore, the interferometer has a built-in white light microscope that allows the observation of the specimen granular microstructure in exact registration with the displacement field. The interferometer has hence been employed to investigate the near-tip fields of a precracked stainless steel specimen under load. The influence of the grain boundaries on the measured displacement fields was relatively minor. The near-tip strain field shows a significant asymmetrical behavior despite pure mode lloading conditions.