粘弹性阻尼修改后结构系统动特性的预测

无阻尼或比例阻尼结构系统经粘弹阻尼修改后,可变为粘弹性阻尼系统。要获得其动特性,需求解复特征值问题。但是,随之带来了计算量大、费用高等问题。尤其是粘弹性材料特性随频率而变化,需求解高阶非线性复特征值问题,这对于一个自由度较大的结构,计算量太大,通常较难实现。本文在特征值修改方法的基础上,提出粘弹性阻尼局部动力修改方法,即仅需已知原结构系统的实模态参数,就可求出粘弹阻尼修改后系统的复模态参数。还发展了特征值和修改量同时迭代方法,有效地解决了粘弹材料复模量随频率变化引起的非线性复特征值问题。     

线性广义特征值问题的摄动迭代法

本文给出了一种适用于迭代计算的矩阵摄动法,它是进行广义特征值问题Ax=λBx的摄动重分析的一种高精度算法,同时也可用于改进由其它矩阵摄动分析方法提供的近似解的精度。实际算例表明,当结构参数修改量不太大时,采用这种摄动迭代法进行特征值问题的精确重分析是十分有效的。     

有界参数结构特征值的上下界定理

与方法近似性的结构特征值包含定理不同,给出参数近似性的结构的特征值上下界定理．在结构刚度矩阵和质量矩阵可以利用结构参数进行非员分解的条件下,通过区间分析,将特征值的上下界分解成两个广义特征值问题进行求解．结果可以看成是胡海昌教授的特征值质量包含定理和刚度包含定理在结构参数近似性特征值问题中的一种推广和应用．     

一种基于特征值反求的复合材料层合板波动特性的近似修改方法

采用一种特征值反求形式的方法用来近似层状复合板的波动特性修改。通过敏感度分析,确定层合板中能最显著地改变结构波动特性的结构参数为设计变量。采用二阶泰勒展式近似特征值和特征频率相对于设计变量的改变率。计算了不同结构变化时的色散特性,并与精确计算结果进行了比较。结果证明本方法对于层状复合板波动特性修改的近似是可行并且有效的。     

一种结构振动系统移频方法

本文对修改结构局部刚度和质量参数，从而使其具有给在有频率的动力修改问题提出了一种求解方法。该方法将结构固有频率修改问题化为一个低阶实对称矩阵特征值问题求解。文中给出一个算例来说明方法的有效性。     

基于Lanczos算法的模态重分析法及其在车身结构设计中的应用

模态重分析是指在结构修改之后不需要重新求解广义特征值方程,仅需要根据初始计算结果对修改后的问题进行求解,并能够在保证精度的前提下,提高计算速度。随着结构复杂度和修正量的增加,传统重分析方法的求解精度和稳定性随之下降。为此,利用初始结构模态分析结果,结合Lanczos算法和投影技术,采用缩减基方法求解修改结构的特征值和特征向量,使其同时具备了Lanczos向量快速收敛的优点和基于全局近似的缩减基向量的高精度。为了验证该方法的性能和准确性,对本文方法基于扩展基向量和瑞利-里兹分析的模态重分析法以及改进的单步摄动瑞利商逆迭代法进行了测试。测试结果表明,该方法具有最高的计算精度。同时,将该方法成功用于车架和车门的前期设计中,计算结果表明,该方法具备处理计算规模大、拓扑修改变化量大的结构分析问题的潜力。     

结构动力重分析的子结构有理逼近

在基于子结构灵敏度综合的结构动力重分析方法的基础上,应用向量值函数有理逼近,提出了一种新的结构动力重分析方法。子结构方法的应用,有效减少了结构自由度数目,达到了减少计算量的目的。将向量值函数有理逼近应用于截断的Taylor级数,提高了计算精度,扩大了收敛范围,适用于结构作大修改的情形。数值算例表明,所提出的方法对结构参数发生大修改能够有效降低Taylor级数截断的误差,给出高精度的逼近结果。     

结构固有频率区域的两种摄动算法

当结构参数具有误差或有界不确定性时，区间数学可以在不知道不确定变量的概率分布的情况下定量地考察不确定参数对响应的影响。为计算出不克腚结构参数对结构振动固有频率影响范围的上下界，本文通过对所的两种区间摄动方法分析和数值运算可以看出，相对区间矩阵摄动法，参数摄动方法不仅可提高结构特征值的求解效率，而且所计算结构特征值上下界的宽度比区间矩阵摄动方法所计算出的要小，数值结果说明所提出方法的有效性。     

矩阵摄动法在汽车车架模态分析中的应用

本文采用以模态迭加原理为基础的实模态分析技术及初参数优选法对汽车车架的模态参数进行了识别,讨论了振动特征值问题中关于非重特征值和重特征值的矩阵摄动法,提出了利用有弹性元件悬挂的结构振动测试数据来得到自由——自由结构的模态参数的摄动修正方法.文中还给出了一些数值例子来说明此方法的应用,同时得到了一些重要结论.     

一种有效的广义特征值分析方法

提出了一种适合于自适应有限元分析中求解广义特征值问题的多重网格方法．这种方法充分利用了初始网格下的结果，通过插值或最小二乘拟合技术来得到网格变化后的新的近似特征向量，然后由多重网格迭代过程实现对结构广义特征值问题的求解．在多重网格迭代的光滑步中，选择了收敛梯度法以提高其收敛率；在粗网格校正步中，则导出了一种近似求解特征向量误差的方程．这种方法将网格离散过程和数值求解过程很好地相结合，建立了一个网格细分后广义特征值问题的快速重分析方法，与传统有限元方法相比较，具有计算简便、计算量少等特点，可以作为结构动力问题自适应有限元分析的一种十分有效的工具．     

Structural eigenvalue analysis under the constraint of a fuzzy convex set model

In small-sample problems, determining and controlling the errors of ordinary rigid convex set models are difficult. Therefore, a new uncertainty model called the fuzzy convex set (FCS) model is built and investigated in detail. An approach was developed to analyze the fuzzy properties of the structural eigenvalues with FCS constraints. Through this method, the approximate possibility distribution of the structural eigenvalue can be obtained. Furthermore, based on the symmetric F-programming theory, the conditional maximum and minimum values for the structural eigenvalue are presented, which can serve as non-fuzzy quantitative indicators for fuzzy problems. A practical application is provided to demonstrate the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

Minimum Weight Design for Structural Eigenvalue Problems by Optimal Control Theory*, †

The application of optimal control theory to minimum weight design of continuous one-dimensional structural elements subject to eigenvalue constraints is discussed. If not only the value of an eigenvalue is prescribed but also its position in the sequence of the ordered eigenvalues—for example, the critical buckling load of a column—the corresponding optimal control problem is shown to include necessarily all eigenvalues. Considering the unspecified eigenvalues as free parameters, necessary conditions for minimum weight design are derived. These conditions are compared with those obtained by use of variational methods. Attention is focused on the special case of multimodal solutions.     

随机结构系统的一般实矩阵特征值问题的概率分析

由于工程实际结构的复杂性和所用材料在统计上的离散性以及测量、加工、制造误差的存在，必然导致具有随机参数的随机结构振动系统，按结构参数的性质来划分，随机振动问题包括两方面内容：(1)确定结构问题；(2)随机结构问题。本文以现代数学理论为依托，研究了随机结构系统的一般实矩阵的特征值问题。根据Kronecker代数、向量值和矩阵值函数的灵敏度分析、一般二阶矩法和概率摄动技术给出了计算随机结构系统的一般实矩阵的特征值和特征向量的数值方法，可以有效地得出随机结构系统的一般实矩阵的特征向量的统计量，发展了2D矩阵值函数的随机结构系统的特征值问题概率分析理论。     

On the effects of non-linear elements in the reliability-based optimal design of stochastic dynamical systems

The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of non-linear devices on the reliability-based optimal design of structural systems subject to stochastic excitation. One-dimensional hysteretic devices are used for modelling the non-linear system behavior while non-stationary filtered white noise processes are utilized to represent the stochastic excitation. The reliability-based optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of the expected cost of the structure for a specified failure probability. Failure is assumed to occur when any one of the output states of interest exceeds in magnitude some specified threshold level within a given time duration. Failure probabilities are approximated locally in terms of the design variables during the optimization process in a parallel computing environment. The approximations are based on a local interpolation scheme and on an efficient simulation technique. Specifically, a subset simulation scheme is adopted and integrated into the proposed optimization process. The local approximations are then used to define a series of explicit approximate optimization problems. A sensitivity analysis is performed at the final design in order to evaluate its robustness with respect to design and system parameters. Numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate the effects of hysteretic devices on the design of two structural systems subject to earthquake excitation. The obtained results indicate that the non-linear devices have a significant effect on the reliability and global performance of the structural systems.     

特征值摄动法在利用动响应结构小损伤检测中的应用

目前在使用遗传算法或神经网络方法进行结构动力学损伤检测,需要基于少量的在线测量损伤结构数据和大量的数值仿真数据来实现,其中通过有限元方法来获得仿真数据的巨大计算量是动力学结构损伤检测方法发展中所面临的一个重要问题。本文在建模方面应用近年来提出的调整单元刚度模拟损伤的先进方法,以保证在损伤前后结构自由度数目不变;在此基础上应用特征值摄动法来减少损伤检测中计算量,并通过对复合材料层合板响应信号的小波分析验证了使用一阶矩阵摄动在有效降低计算量的同时,可以获得对损伤检测而言足够准确的响应信号。     

不确定凸模型近似算法的一种改进

将非概率凸模型理论与摄动理论相结合，通过有界不确定参数结构的特征值问题，对凸模型理论的一次近似算法作出一种改进．改进后的算法由于在计算中不用特征值导数，与Ｅｌｉｓｈａｋｏｆ的算法相比，不仅拓广了凸模型理论的应用范围，而且还可提高算法的计算效率．     

Numerical Solution of the Polymer System by Front Tracking

The paper describes the application of front tracking to the polymer system, an example of a nonstrictly hyperbolic system. Front tracking computes piecewise constant approximations based on approximate Riemann solutions and exact tracking of waves. It is well known that the front tracking method may introduce a blowup of the initial total variation for initial data along the curve where the two eigenvalues of the hyperbolic system are identical. It is demonstrated by numerical examples that the method converges to the correct solution after a finite time, and that this time decreases with the discretization parameter.For multidimensional problems, front tracking is combined with dimensional splitting, and numerical experiments indicate that large splitting steps can be used without loss of accuracy. Typical CFL numbers are in the range 10–20, and comparisons with Riemann free, high-resolution methods confirm the high efficiency of front tracking.The polymer system, coupled with an elliptic pressure equation, models two-phase, three-component polymer flooding in an oil reservoir. Two examples are presented, where this model is solved by a sequential time stepping procedure. Because of the approximate Riemann solver, the method is non-conservative and CFL numbers must be chosen only moderately larger than unity to avoid substantial material balance errors generated in near-well regions after water breakthrough. Moreover, it is demonstrated that dimensional splitting may introduce severe grid orientation effects for unstable displacements that are accentuated for decreasing discretization parameters.     

Application of the Jacobi–Davidson method to accurate analysis of singular linear hydrodynamic stability problems

The aim of this paper is to show that the Jacobi–Davidson (JD) method is an accurate and robust method for solving large generalized algebraic eigenvalue problems with a singular second matrix. Such problems are routinely encountered in linear hydrodynamic stability analysis of flows that arise in various areas of continuum mechanics. As we use the Chebyshev collocation as a discretization method, the first matrix in the pencil is nonsymmetric, full rank, and ill‐conditioned. Because of the singularity of the second matrix, QZ and Arnoldi‐type algorithms may produce spurious eigenvalues. As a systematic remedy of this situation, we use two JD methods, corresponding to real and complex situations, to compute specific parts of the spectrum of the eigenvalue problems. Both methods overcome potentially severe problems associated with spurious unstable eigenvalues and are fairly stable with respect to the order of discretization. The real JD outperforms the shift‐and‐invert Arnoldi method with respect to the CPU time for large discretizations. Three specific flows are analyzed to advocate our statements, namely a multicomponent convection–diffusion in a porous medium, a thermal convection in a variable gravity field, and the so‐called Hadley flow. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.