结构可靠性优化的三阶段解耦方法

为提高基于可靠性的结构优化效率,提出一种三阶段解耦分析方法。第一阶段利用可靠性安全因子进行确定性优化,并将确定性优化结果作为初始样本点;第二阶段利用可靠性灵敏度和重量因子对样本点进行调整,获取目标函数与失效概率的数据集合;第三阶段利用目标函数与失效概率的关系,曲线获取可接受失效概率对应的目标函数,并求解最终优化设计变量。本文方法只需一次确定性优化,且现有结构可靠性求解算法均可使用,适应性强。算例分析结果表明,本文方法可以明显减少失效概率评估次数,且计算结果对可靠性安全因子与重量因子不敏感。     

基于支持向量机的序列可靠性优化方法

在工程设计中,可靠性优化设计通常计算量较大或精度不够。本文提出了一种基于支持向量机（Support Vector Machine）和MPP（Most Probable Point）的可靠性分析方法。用SVM 在MPP处替代原极限状态函数,并利用极限状态函数的梯度信息,使SVM模型穿过M PP并与原函数相切,再基于SVM采用重要抽样法计算失效概率。然后,将SORA（Sequential Optimization and Reliability Assessment ）与基于SVM 的可靠性分析方法相集成,将传统的双循环可靠性优化算法解耦为单循环,并通过基于SVM 的可靠性分析方法修正了SORA中由于线性近似带来的误差,保证了最优设计点处可靠性分析的精度。算例证明,该方法在处理非线性问题时具有精确度高和计算量适度的特点。     

力学环境约束下剪切销可靠性分析及优化设计

剪切销是火工装置关键部件，其可靠性不仅表现为点火作用下可靠剪断，还表现为受力学环境激励不发生断裂。本文中以多项式混沌展开方法为基础，建立了力学环境约束下的剪切销分析模型，结合序贯优化与可靠性分析方法，提出了剪切销可靠性优化设计的思路。以某型火工作动装置为应用实例，依据实用的力学环境，进行了剪切销可靠性分析及优化设计，揭示了设计参数与力学环境之间的关系，并获得了影响可靠性的关键参数。最后，开展了优化后的火工作动装置实验测试，结果佐证了优化设计的有效性。     

RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN OF COMPOSITES UNDER THE MIXED UNCERTAINTIES AND THE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

This paper proposed a reliability design model for composite materials under the mixture of random and interval variables. Together with the inverse reliability analysis technique, the sequential single-loop optimization method is applied to the reliability-based design of composites. In the sequential single-loop optimization, the optimization and the reliability analysis are decoupled to improve the computational efficiency. As shown in examples, the minimum weight problems under the constraint of structural reliability are solved for laminated composites. The Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO） algorithm is utilized to search for the optimal solutions. The design results indicate that, under the mixture of random and interval variables, the method that combines the sequential single-loop optimization and the PSO algorithm can deal effectively with the reliability-based design of composites.     

桁架结构非概率可靠性形状优化设计

采用区间变量描述不确定参数,提出一种桁架结构非概率可靠性形状优化方法。建立了以截面尺寸和节点坐标为设计变量,以结构重量为目标函数,具有非概率可靠性指标约束的桁架结构形状优化数学模型。采用量纲归一化对截面尺寸和节点坐标进行了变量统一;运用均值点法对功能函数进行泰勒线性近似求解得到相应的非概率可靠性指标,并采用序列二次规划算法对优化模型进行求解。三个算例分析结果表明,算例均能快速稳定地收敛到最优解,结果符合工程结构设计经验,验证了本文所提方法的准确性和有效性。     

动态结构系统的频率可靠性稳健设计研究

针对随机动态结构系统振动问题进行研究,提出了系统避免共振的频率可靠性分析方法;在此基础上,推导出频率可靠性灵敏度计算公式,研究设计参数的改变对随机动态结构系统频率可靠性的影响,给出各随机参数可靠性灵敏度的变化规律;并将频率可靠性及其灵敏度分析方法与可靠性优化设计方法相结合,提出了频率可靠性稳健优化设计方法,同时以一简化的两自由度的车身-车轮-路面关系的1/4离散系统模型为例,对该模型进行了频率可靠性稳健设计的研究,其理论计算结果与工程实际情况完全一致,也说明了所提方法的有效性和实用性,为随机动态结构系统的设计、制造、使用和评估提供了合理和必要的理论依据。     

On the effects of non-linear elements in the reliability-based optimal design of stochastic dynamical systems

The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of non-linear devices on the reliability-based optimal design of structural systems subject to stochastic excitation. One-dimensional hysteretic devices are used for modelling the non-linear system behavior while non-stationary filtered white noise processes are utilized to represent the stochastic excitation. The reliability-based optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of the expected cost of the structure for a specified failure probability. Failure is assumed to occur when any one of the output states of interest exceeds in magnitude some specified threshold level within a given time duration. Failure probabilities are approximated locally in terms of the design variables during the optimization process in a parallel computing environment. The approximations are based on a local interpolation scheme and on an efficient simulation technique. Specifically, a subset simulation scheme is adopted and integrated into the proposed optimization process. The local approximations are then used to define a series of explicit approximate optimization problems. A sensitivity analysis is performed at the final design in order to evaluate its robustness with respect to design and system parameters. Numerical examples are presented in order to illustrate the effects of hysteretic devices on the design of two structural systems subject to earthquake excitation. The obtained results indicate that the non-linear devices have a significant effect on the reliability and global performance of the structural systems.     

Optimum design of shell structures with random geometric,material and thickness imperfections

The optimum design of isotropic shell structures with random initial geometric, material and thickness imperfections is investigated in this paper and a robust and efficient methodology is presented for treating such problems. For this purpose, the concept of an initial “imperfect” structure is introduced involving not only geometric deviations of the shell structure from its perfect geometry but also a spatial variability of the modulus of elasticity as well as of the thickness of the shell. An efficient reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) formulation is proposed. The objective function is considered to be the weight of the structure while both deterministic and probabilistic constraints are taken into account. The overall probability of failure is taken as the global probabilistic constraint for the optimization procedure. Numerical results are presented for a cylindrical panel, demonstrating the efficiency as well as the applicability of the proposed methodology in obtaining rational optimum designs of imperfect shell-type structures.     

结构系统可靠性优化设计的神经网络方法

针对具有非正态随机参数的可靠性(优化)设计,提出了随机摄动-Edgeworth级数方法,采用该方法将可靠性概率约束转化为等价的确定型约束,可以迅速准确地获得优化设计信息。针对具有多失效模式的结构系统可靠性优化设计,提出了随机模拟一神经网络方法(MCS—NN),将随机模拟方法与神经网络技术有机结合,为结构系统可靠性优化设计提供了一种新方法。     

Sampling-Based RBDO of Ship Hull Structures Considering Thermo-Elasto-Plastic Residual Deformation

We present a shape optimization method using a sampling-based RBDO method linked with a commercial finite element analysis (FEA) code ANSYS, which is applicable to residual deformation problems of the ship hull structure in welding process. The programming language ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) and shell elements are used for the thermo-elasto-plastic analysis. The shape of the ship hull structure is modeled using the bicubic Ferguson patch and coordinate components of vertices, tangential vectors of boundary curves are selected as design variables. The sensitivity of probabilistic constraint is calculated from the probabilistic sensitivity analysis using the score function and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) on the surrogate model constructed by using the Dynamic Kriging (DKG) method. The sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm is used for the optimization. In two numerical examples, the suggested optimization method is applied to practical residual deformation problems in welding ship hull structures, which proves the sampling-based RBDO can be successfully utilized for obtaining a reliable optimum design in highly nonlinear multi-physics problem of thermo-elasto-plasticity.     

基于可靠性映射函数的结构优化Structural optimization based on reliability mapping functions

基于可靠性分析理论,构建可靠性映射函数,将基于可靠性的结构优化由双层优化转化为单层优化,提高优化效率,解决基于可靠性结构优化的计算量大、不利用于工程应用的问题。可靠性映射函数具有明确理论依据,能够确保将其应用到基于可靠性的结构优化是可行的。为提高失效概率求解精度,以设计点为基础,提出一种改进响应面方法,并将其用于可靠性映射函数的求解。算例表明,该方法具有较好计算精度,功能函数评估次数明显少于其他方法,计算效率高,能够获得满意的优化结果。     

基于非概率可靠性的结构优化设计研究

基于不确定参量的凸集合描述,研究了考虑非概率可靠性约束时,结构优化设计模型的求解问题。由于非概率可靠性指标是用一个极小极大模型来定义的,故以该指标作为设计约束,将得到一个嵌套的二级优化模型。为了求解该模型,提出了一种序列线性化的计算方法。利用非概率可靠性分析的拉格朗日乘子,逐步构造可靠性指标的一阶近似,通过序列线性规划法求解二级优化问题。该算法可用于区间变量和超椭球凸集模型并存的情形,具有较好的适用性。论文给出了主要的敏度计算公式,并通过简单算例对所提算法进行了验证。     

非正态分布参数的梁结构的刚度可靠性稳健设计

将刚度可靠性设计理论和稳健设计方法相结合,讨论了具有非正态分布参数的梁结构的刚度可靠性稳健设计问题,提出了刚度可靠性稳健设计的计算方法.把可靠性灵敏度融入可靠性优化设计模型之中,将刚度可靠性的稳健设计归结为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题.在基本随机参数的前四阶矩已知的情况下,通过计算机程序可以实现具有非正态分布参数的梁结构的刚度可靠性稳健设计,迅速准确地得到具有非正态分布参数的梁结构刚度可靠性稳健设计信息.     

非完整信息条件下的结构可靠性鲁棒设计

在非完整信息条件下,建立区间变量、模糊变量、随机变量同时存在的可靠性设计模型,并给出相应的序列优化设计方法;同时考虑设计变量的实现值与设计值之间的差别以及约束条件的鲁棒性,提出基于info-gap决策理论的鲁棒优化模型,研究可靠性鲁棒设计的序列求解策略。算例1表明:模糊可靠性设计比随机可靠性设计结果保守,当模糊设计指标α=0时(对应区间可靠度)结果最为保守。算例2表明:不同的鲁棒性指标αt对应不同的鲁棒优化解,当αt大于0.20时,不存在相应的鲁棒优化解。利用本文提出的鲁棒序列优化求解方法对目标函数计算1291次即可,而常规优化算法需8107次,表明本文算法大大提高了计算效率。     

Reliability-based design for soil tillage machines

Using classical design methods for tillage machines does not completely guarantee a safety and satisfactory performance, due in part to the randomness of tillage forces. This randomness is derived from the variability in soil engineering properties and the variations in tool design parameters and operational conditions. In this paper, a reliability-based design approach was developed, for the first time, by integrating the randomness of tillage forces into the design analysis of tillage machines, aiming at achieving reliable machines. The proposed approach was based on the uncertainty analysis of basic random variables and the failure probability of tillage machines. The failure probability was estimated according to two performance criteria related to the structural design requirement and the quality of tillage operation. Two reliability methods, namely the Monte Carlo simulation technique and the first-order reliability methods were used for this purpose. This approach was implemented for the design of a chisel plough shank.The results showed that there were many values of the shank dimensions that guaranteed the required reliability level. However, in order to achieve the best design solution from an economic point of view, minimizing the volume of the shank structure was integrated into the reliability-based design approach. This led to the reduction of the initial volume of the shank structure by 6.86%. It was concluded that integrating the economical constraint into the reliability-based design approach can lead to optimal designs of tillage tools that ensures the required reliability level at low cost.     

考虑材料性能空间分布不确定性的可靠度拓扑优化

论文研究了考虑材料性能空间分布不确定性的连续体结构可靠度拓扑优化问题。其中,材料的弹性模量视为具有给定概率分布特征的随机场,其离散采用级数最优线性估值法（EOLE）。随机结构的响应以及相应的灵敏度分析采用多项式混沌展开（PCE）近似表达,并采用Monte Carlo方法验证了该方法的精度。结构的可靠度分析采用一次可靠度方法（FORM）,在优化问题的求解中,对双层嵌套方法和序列近似规划（SAP）方法进行了对比。数值算例中,该方法应用于二维和三维结构的拓扑优化问题,优化结果验证了方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于响应面方法的破损-安全结构可靠性拓扑优化

传统结构由于缺少冗余,忽略了不确定性因素的影响,更容易受到局部刚度损失的影响,文章针对载荷不确定性下破损-安全结构的设计问题提出了一种有效的基于响应面的可靠性拓扑优化方法,以提高结构的安全性,确保结构在发生局部破损时仍能满足服役性能及可靠性要求.为此,建立了柔度概率约束下的结构体积比最小化的双循环可靠性拓扑优化模型,其中内层循环实施可靠性分析,外层循环实施拓扑优化.为了有效处理可靠性分析中响应函数关于随机变量的导数计算高成本问题,基于响应面方法建立了响应函数关于随机变量的显式表达式.详细推导了响应函数关于设计变量和随机变量的解析灵敏度列式,并采用移动渐近线方法(method of moving asymptotes, MMA)对优化问题进行求解.将基于响应面的可靠性拓扑优化方法与基于解析导数的方法作对比,并实施蒙特卡洛仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性,讨论了随机载荷标准差对优化结果的影响.结果表明,本文方法可以有效设计满足指定可靠性水平的破损-安全结构,优化后结构可靠性指标的相对误差不超过1.3%,另外基于响应面的可靠性设计方法相对于基于解析导数的可靠性设计方法可节省约74%的可靠性...     

APPLICATION OF SURROGATE BASED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO THE RELIABILITY-BASED ROBUST DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRESSURE VESSELS

A surrogate based particle swarm optimization （SBPSO） algorithm which combines the surrogate modeling technique and particle swarm optimization is applied to the reliability- based robust design （RBRD） of composite pressure vessels. The algorithm and efficiency of SBPSO are displayed through numerical examples. A model for filament-wound composite pressure vessels with metallic liner is then studied by netting analysis and its responses are analyzed by using Finite element method （performed by software ANSYS）. An optimization problem for maximizing the performance factor is formulated by choosing the winding orientation of the helical plies in the cylindrical portion, the thickness of metal liner and the drop off region size as the design variables. Strength constraints for composite layers and the metal liner are constructed by using Tsai-Wu failure criterion and Mises failure criterion respectively. Numerical examples show that the method proposed can effectively solve the RBRD problem, and the optimal results of the proposed model can satisfy certain reliability requirement and have the robustness to the fluctuation of design variables.     

车身结构中焊点布置的分区拓扑优化设计方法研究

焊点布置的设计对于车身结构的强度、刚度、NVH特性和耐撞性等都有重要影响。针对一种紧凑型两厢轿车,分别以车身结构的刚度和低频固有振动特性为设计目标,对车身结构中的焊点布置进行了优化设计。通过对优化设计结果的理论分析和工程评价,对相关的优化设计问题定义的有效性和优化设计方法的适用性进行了分析。基于相关分析结论和车身结构设计经验,提出了一种新的车身结构焊点布置的分区拓扑优化设计方法,通过将车身划分为多个功能设计区域,可以采用分级优化设计的方法综合考虑车身结构的刚度和动态特性、耐撞性以及强度等多方面的性能要求。通过对一个实际轿车车身结构中焊点布置的重新优化设计,验证了提出的优化设计方法的有效性,同时表明该车身的现有焊点布置方案已接近最优设计。