基于高阶剪切变形理论的四边形求积元板单元及其应用

近年来由各类新型复合材料或功能梯度材料构成的板结构在工程领域得到了广泛应用,其显著特点是材料性能沿板厚变化.为合理考虑横向剪切应变,许多学者基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论,构建了不同的有限元单元对该类板结构进行分析,但其中满足C~1连续条件的单元相对较少.本文基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论,采用求积元方法,建立了C~1连续的四边形板单元.利用该单元对均质材料、复合材料、功能梯度材料构成的等厚度矩形板、变厚度矩形板及等厚度斜板的线弹性弯曲和自由振动问题进行了计算分析,并与现有文献中的相应计算结果进行了对比.研究表明:基于高阶剪切变形理论的四边形求积元板单元具有较高的计算效率和良好的适应性,文中各类材料构成的等/变厚度矩形板及等厚度斜板均只需1个单元即可得到理想的计算结果.对于等/变厚度矩形板,可仅使用9×9个积分点,而对于等厚度斜板,随着斜角的增大,所需积分点的数目逐渐增多至15×15.该四边形求积元板单元可进一步用于新型复合材料板的非线性分析.     

基于Layerwise离散层理论的复合材料夹层板屈曲分析

复合材料夹层结构由于面板和芯层力学特性差异较大,屈曲分析时要分层考虑各层的剪切变形。基于Reddy的Layerwise离散层理论,假设每一层变形服从一阶剪切变形理论,在统一的位移场描述下,推导建立了一种用于复合材料夹层结构屈曲分析的四节点四边形板单元,并采用混合插值方法对单元的剪切锁定进行了修正。分别对三种典型的夹层板结构进行线性屈曲有限元分析,并将计算结果与文献中已有结果进行了对比。结果表明：本文的分析方法能离散考虑各层的力学特性,将结构离散为多层时,计算结果与三维弹性理论或高阶板理论吻合;将结构等效为单层时,计算结果与基于一阶剪切变形理论的文献结构吻合,验证了单元的有效性。     

考虑横向拉伸影响的FGM板的静态分析

在三阶剪切变形理论的基础上,添加关于厚度坐标z的幂函数项,并假设板结构的上下表面剪切力为0,提出了一种考虑横向拉伸影响的高阶剪切变形理论。并且研究了简支边界条件下受静态载荷作用的功能梯度材料矩形板的静态弯曲行为。基于虚功原理推导出了功能梯度矩形板的基本方程,利用Navier双三角级数法计算了功能梯度材料矩形板在静态载荷作用下沿厚度方向的位移及应力分布的数值结果。计算结果与三维精确解理论、其他高阶剪切变形理论得到的数值结果进行了比较。对比结果表明,改进的考虑横向拉伸影响的高阶剪切变形理论的正确性和优越性。     

完整岩石拉压应力状态下的张裂破坏准则

一点的应力状态可由3个主应力$\sigma_{1}$, $\sigma_{2}$, $\sigma_{3}$来表示, 当规定主应力以压为正时, 沿最大主应力$\sigma_{1}$方向将产生收缩变形, 若中间主应力$\sigma_{2}$和最小主应力$\sigma_{3}$都远小于$\sigma_{1}$, 则沿$\sigma_{2}$和$\sigma_{3}$方向会产生横向扩张变形, 当横向扩张变形达到一定极限时, 将会在平行于$\sigma _{1}$的方向产生张裂破坏. 如何建立这种张裂破坏的强度准则目前尚缺乏研究, 最大拉应变理论(第二强度理论)有时被用来解释张裂破坏, 但最大拉应变理论难以应用于三向受力状态. 本文分别用$\varepsilon_{1}$, $\varepsilon_{2}$表示最大张应变和次大张应变, 则最大拉应变理论认为当$\varepsilon_{1}$达到单向拉伸屈服应变时, 材料将产生破坏. 而本文将根据$\varepsilon_{1}+\varepsilon_{2}$之和达到极限值$\varepsilon_u$来建立张裂破坏准则. 可以证明$\varepsilon_{1} +\varepsilon_{2}$所表示的是$\sigma_{1}$主平面的面积增长率. 当$\sigma_{3}<\sigma_{2} \ll \sigma_{1}$时, 大部分岩石都具有脆性破坏的特点, 所以可将破坏前的岩石视为满足广义胡克定律的线弹性材料, 这样用$\varepsilon_{1}$, $\varepsilon_{2}$表示的强度准则可通过$\sigma_{1}$, $\sigma_{2}$, $\sigma_{3}$来表示. 在这个过程中还可考虑岩石在拉伸和压缩时具有不同弹性参数和强度的特点, 并可通过单向拉伸和单向压缩的破坏状态来确定$\varepsilon_u$. 不管$\sigma_{1}$, $\sigma_{2}$, $\sigma_{3}$是压应力, 还是拉应力, 或者$\sigma_{1}$, $\sigma_{2}$, $\sigma_{3}$中有拉有压的情形, 基于$\varepsilon_{1} +\varepsilon_{2} =\varepsilon_u$都可建立相应的强度准则. 所建立的准则可以反映中间应力$\sigma_{2}$对强度的影响规律, 通过建立的强度准则还可以证明: 静水拉力能引起屈服, 而静水压力不能产生屈服; 压缩破坏能使塑性体积增大, 其结果比Mohr-Coulomb准则更能反映实际情形. 并通过拉压应力状态下的试验数据验证了所建立的强度准则, 所得理论计算结果和已有的试验数据吻合得很好. 通过提出的强度准则和圆盘劈裂的试验结果, 可获得更为可靠的岩石单轴抗拉强度.      

功能梯度材料矩形中厚板的受压/热致屈曲

考虑材料组份沿板厚度方向按幂律变化的情形,研究了温度均匀变化时固支功能梯度材料(FGM)矩形中厚板的受压屈曲、热致屈曲和考虑热／机械预应力时的屈曲问题,给出了基于Reddy高阶剪切理论研究板屈曲荷载和屈曲临界温度的半解析数值方法．并以Si3N4／SUS304板为例考虑了材料组份、预加应力、横向剪切变形及面内位移约束条件等对FGM板屈曲承载能力的影响．     

不同边界条件正交各向异性中厚板的振动与稳定分析

本文采用高阶剪切变形理论对正交各向异性中厚矩形板进行振动与稳定分析,数值计算采用样条有限点法,得出了六种不同边界条件矩形板的自振频率和屈曲载荷,并与相应的经典板理论的结果进行比较.结果说明横向剪切变形对复合材料层合板的影响与板的各向异性程度、板的宽厚比(b/h)、层合板的层数和板的支承条件有关,它随着层合板各向异性程度的增加而增加,随着层合板宽厚比的增加而逐渐消失.     

基于高阶位移模式的压电层合板动力有限元模型

建立了含压电片层合板的有限元动力学模型。以位于压电层上下表面处的电场强度和层间电压为未知量,给出了三次函数的电势分布模式,采用Reddy的高阶剪切理论描述板的位移场,假设板厚度方向的正应力为零给出了减缩的本构方程,采用有限元方法,基于Hamilton原理导出结构的动力学方程,然后用静态缩聚的方法压缩掉电场自由度和次要的位移自由度。最后用四边形矩形单元求解了一对称铺层和非对称铺层悬臂板的固有频率,并与ANSYS结果对比验证了本文模型的精确性。     

利用结构基因法研究非线性周期性板结构的等效力学性能

非线性周期性板结构是一类在智能复合材料领域具有巨大应用潜力的结构,因其构成材料的非线性特性,以及结构中经常包含增强纤维、肋板和空洞等复杂微结构导致的材料几何非线性,利用常规的有限元方法进行建模和分析较为困难.本文提出了一种结构基因法,通过提取非线性周期性板结构的最小模型单元作为其结构基因,将异质周期性板结构等效为均质板结构,便捷地求解了非线性周期性板结构的微观力学性能和整体等效力学性能.算例表明,结构基因方法可用来分析复杂非线性复合材料结构问题,计算结果精度足够,为复合材料微观力学研究提供了有价值的参考.     

线性变厚度粘弹性矩形板在随从力作用下的动力稳定性

利用粘弹性微分型本构关系和薄板理论,对线性变厚度粘弹性矩形薄板建立了在切向均布随从力作用下的运动微分方程,采用微分求积法研究了在随从力作用下线性变厚度粘弹性矩形薄板的稳定性问题,具体对对边简支对边固支和三边简支一边固支条件下体变为弹性、畸变服从Kelvin-Voigt模型的变厚度粘弹性矩形板在随从力下的广义特征值问题进行了求解,分析了薄板的长宽比、厚度比及材料的无量纲延滞时间的变化对随从力作用下矩形薄板的失稳形式及相应的临界荷载的影响.     

变厚度圆环板/圆板横向自由振动的动刚度法求解

分别基于经典薄板理论和一阶剪切理论研究了沿半径方向变厚度的圆板及圆环板的横向自由振动,将结构离散为若干个等厚度同心圆环单元,在得出圆环单元的精确解后,通过动刚度法组装单元。应用该方法将变厚度圆板退化至等厚度板,与解析解对比验证了计算方法的正确性;用于计算线性或非线性变厚度板,也能与有限元三维解吻合。计算结果表明:基于一阶剪切理论和薄板理论的动刚度法计算等厚度薄板的振动均能取得与解析解完全吻合的数值解;而计算变厚度薄板时则采用基于一阶剪切理论的动刚度法更准确;与有限元法相比,本文采用的动刚度法划分单元少,具有较高的计算效率,尤其在工程中的大型板结构振动方面有较好的应用前景。     

A refined finite element method for bending analysis of laminated plates integrated with piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite actuators

This research presents a finite element formulation based on four-variable refined plate theory for bending analysis of cross-ply and angle-ply laminated composite plates integrated with a piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite actuator under electromechanical loading. The four-variable refined plate theory is a simple and efficient higher-order shear deformation theory, which predicts parabolic variation of transverse shear stresses across the plate thickness and satisfies zero traction conditions on the plate free surfaces. The weak form of governing equations is derived using the principle of minimum potential energy, and a 4-node non-conforming rectangular plate element with 8 degrees of freedom per node is introduced for discretizing the domain. Several benchmark problems are solved by the developed MATLAB code and the obtained results are compared with those from exact and other numerical solutions, showing good agreement.     

Free vibration of composite plates with mixed boundary conditions based on higher-order shear deformation theory

A global higher-order shear deformation theory is devised to obtain the governing equations of composite plates under dynamic excitation. The time-harmonic solution leads to an eigenvalue problem for the natural frequencies of plates. The eigenvalue problem for rectangular plates is converted to a set of homogenous algebraic equations using differential quadrature method. The formulation of the problem allows direct application of various boundary conditions. Therefore, rectangular plates with mixed boundary conditions are also considered. To show the validity of results, the fundamental natural frequencies of composite plates with different boundary conditions and those of isotropic plates with mixed boundary conditions are compared against the results available in the literature.     

A simple and accurate mixed FE-DQ formulation for free vibration of rectangular and skew Mindlin plates with general boundary conditions

A simple and accurate mixed finite element-differential quadrature formulation is proposed to study the free vibration of rectangular and skew Mindlin plates with general boundary conditions. In this technique, the original plate problem is reduced to two simple bar (or beam) problems. One bar problem is discretized by the finite element method (FEM) while the other by the differential quadrature method (DQM). The mixed method, in general, combines the geometry flexibility of the FEM and high accuracy and efficiency of the DQM and its implementation is more easier and simpler than the case where the FEM or DQM is fully applied to the problem. Moreover, the proposed formulation is free of the shear locking phenomenon that may be encountered in the conventional shear deformable finite elements. A simple scheme is also presented to exactly implement the mixed natural boundary conditions of the plate problem. The versatility, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for free vibration analysis of rectangular and skew Mindlin plates are tested against other solution procedures. It is revealed that the proposed method can produce highly accurate solutions for the natural frequencies of rectangular and skew Mindlin plates with general boundary conditions.     

Buckling analysis of functionally graded arbitrary straight-sided quadrilateral plates on elastic foundations

As a first endeavor, the buckling analysis of functionally graded (FG) arbitrary straight-sided quadrilateral plates rested on two-parameter elastic foundation under in-plane loads is presented. The formulation is based on the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The material properties are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. The solution procedure is composed of transforming the governing equations from physical domain to computational domain and then discretization of the spatial derivatives by employing the differential quadrature method (DQM) as an efficient and accurate numerical tool. After studying the convergence of the method, its accuracy is demonstrated by comparing the obtained solutions with the existing results in literature for isotropic skew and FG rectangular plates. Then, the effects of thickness-to-length ratio, elastic foundation parameters, volume fraction index, geometrical shape and the boundary conditions on the critical buckling load parameter of the FG plates are studied.     

Construction of rectangular displacement-based element for thick/thin plates

In this paper, a method of constructing displacement-based element for thick/thin plates is developed by using the technique of generalized compatibility, and a rectangular displacement based element with 12 degrees of freedom for thick/thin plates is presented. This method enjoys a good accuracy with simple formulation and is free of shear locking as the thickness of the plate approaches zero. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant No. 59208075     

Corotational nonlinear analyses of laminated shell structures using a 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element with drilling stiffness

A new 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element is developed for geometrically nonlinear analyses of thin and moderately thick laminated shell structures. The fiat shell element is constructed by combining a quadrilateral area co- ordinate method （QAC） based membrane element AGQ6- II, and a Timoshenko beam function （TBF） method based shear deformable plate bending element ARS-Q12. In order to model folded plates and connect with beam elements, the drilling stiffness is added to the element stiffness matrix based on the mixed variational principle. The transverse shear rigidity matrix, based on the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）, for the laminated composite plate is evaluated using the transverse equilibrium conditions, while the shear correction factors are not needed. The conventional TBF methods are also modified to efficiently calculate the element stiffness for laminate. The new shell element is extended to large deflection and post-buckling analyses of isotropic and laminated composite shells based on the element independent corotational formulation. Numerical re- sults show that the present shell element has an excellent numerical performance for the test examples, and is applicable to stiffened plates.     

Nonlinear vibration of symmetrically laminated composite skew plates by finite element method

Here, the large amplitude free flexural vibration behavior of symmetrically laminated composite skew plates is investigated using the finite element method. The formulation includes the effects of shear deformation, in-plane and rotary inertia. The geometric non-linearity based on von Kármán's assumptions is introduced. The nonlinear matrix amplitude equation obtained by employing Galerkin's method is solved by direct iteration technique. Time history for the nonlinear free vibration of composite skew plate is also obtained using Newmark's time integration technique to examine the accuracy of matrix amplitude equation. The variation of nonlinear frequency ratios with amplitudes is brought out considering different parameters such as skew angle, fiber orientation and boundary condition.     

热/机械载荷下功能梯度材料矩形厚板的弯曲行为

采用Reddy高阶剪切板理论，考虑材料物性参数随坐标和温度变化的特性，研究在均匀变化的温度场内功能梯度材料矩形板在面内与横向载荷共同作用下的横向弯曲问题，基于一维DQ法和Galerkin技术，给出了一对边固支，另对边任意约束时板弯曲问题的半解析解，以Si3N4/SUS304板为例考察了材料组份，温度场，面内载荷及边界约束条件等对功能梯度材料板弯曲行为的影响。     

A NEW HYBRID QUADRILATERAL FINITE ELEMENT FOR MINDLIN PLATE

ＡＮＥＷＨＹＢＲＩＤＱＵＡＤＲＩＬＡＴＥＲＡＬＦＩＮＩＴＥＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＦＯＲＭＩＮＤＬＩＮＰＬＡＴＥＣｈｉｎＹｉ（秦奕）（ＴｉａｎｊｉｎＡｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒａｌＤｅｓｉｇｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ）ＺｈａｎｇＪｉｎｇ－ｙｕ（张敬宇）（Ｉ...     

一个不闭锁和抗畸变的四边形厚板元

构造一个彻底消除剪切闭锁现象并且对网格畸变不敏感的四边形厚薄板通用单元RPAQ。在方法上有三个特点：第一,在厚板挠度和转角的试函数中,采用了合理匹配方案,从而在源头上彻底消除了剪切闭锁现象;第二,采用四边形面积坐标,以代替通常的等参坐标,从而使网格畸变时仍然保持高精度;第三,采用广义协调元做法,使协调条件的采用灵活多样,并保证单元的收敛性。进行了一系列数值例题测试,表明单元RPAQ能自动消除闭锁现象,在由薄板到厚板的不同情况下,在各种网格畸变的情况下,都能体现出良好的精度和数值稳定性。