含大量随机分布细小纤维的单向纤维增强复合材料横向弹性性能参数计算的内嵌区域模型法

利用有限元方法求取单向纤维增强复合材料的横向弹性性能参数的计算模型包括三维模型、两维平面应变模型、单胞模型等等.由于单胞模型仅仅适用于纤维规则排列情况.在纤维随机分布且纤维大小亦为随机时,单向纤维增强复合材料横向弹性性能参数必须通过对于复合材料块体的计算才能获得.同时在随机分布纤维的数量增大时,三维模型和二维平面应变模型的计算量急剧增加,模型的处理能力不强.该文提出一种利用内嵌区域模型来计算含大量随机大小、随机分布细小纤维的单向纤维增强复合材料块体的横向弹性性能参数的方法,有效降低了计算量.在较低的计算费用下,能够快速获得单向纤维增强复合材料的横向弹性性能参数.     

单向纤维增强复合材料的载荷集中因子和裂纹扩展统计理论

本文对单向纤维增强复合材料裂纹扩展统计理论的两个主要论据进行了研究.1.由于纤维断裂引起的应力重分布的计算:文中采用通常的剪滞模型,进行了弹塑性形变理论分析和弹性分析,弹性分析的结果与已有的J.M.Hedgepeth 的结果相符.2.裂纹扩展模型的探索:这里舍弃沿用Gücer-Gurland.Rosen 链式模型,提出了逐渐扩大断裂层的模型,参照A.S.Argon 等人的方法进行了统计分析,得到了单向纤维增强复合材料拉伸强度的计算公式.     

用蒙特卡罗方法模拟单向复合材料的拉伸断裂过程

通过采用改进的剪滞模型，假定界面不发生破坏，求得不同基体纤维刚度比μ（μ＝ＥｍＶｍ／ＥｆＶｆ）不同基体韧性情况下断裂纤维附近的应力集中系数，然后通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟单向复合材料的拉伸断裂过程，比较若干情况下复合材料的拉伸强度，找出提高复合材料拉伸强度的方法。     

缝纫复合材料单向板面内力学性能的试验研究

对缝纫复合材料单向板在单向拉伸载荷作用下的面内力学性能进行试验研究,给出了缝纫密度、缝纫线直径对复合材料单向板面内拉伸强度的影响规律.研究发现复合材料的破坏模式与缝纫密度有关,对于中低密度缝纫的单向板其破坏模式为纤维断裂,而对于高密度缝纫的单向板其破坏模式为复合材料撕裂破坏.并从复合材料细观结构层次上揭示了破坏模式和拉伸强度与缝纫密度之间的内在关系.     

单向复合材料的破坏机理——纤维、基体和界面状况对强度的影响

混合律方程所给出的单向复合材料的纵向强度,几乎只取决于纤维的强度和含量,不总是与实验结果相符合。实际上,在纵向应力作用下复合材料的破坏,有一个从初始的局部损伤,发展到最终的整体破坏的过程。不同的损伤发展形式和过程,直接影响到纤维承载能力的发挥。损伤发展形式和过程,又是依据纤维、基体性能和组合状况的不同而不同。因此,单向复合材料的纵向强度就不是简单地仅取决于纤维的强度和含量,还与纤维的其他性能、基体性能和界面粘接强度等有着密切的关系。本文详细分析了单向复合材料纵向拉伸破坏机理,並通过实验证实了上述结论。     

缝纫复合材料层合板面内拉伸强度研究

旨在研究由缝纫引起的材料弹性性质的变化并对缝纫复合材料层合板面内拉伸强度进行理论预测。认为缝纫引起的面内纤维偏转是缝纫影响复合材料面内力学性能的主要原因，引入最大纤维偏转角和变形区宽度两个结构参数，提出了描述材料非均匀性的纤维弯曲模型。采用多层次多尺度模拟的方法得到层合板非均匀的材料性质。通过二维有限元分析对单向拉伸载荷作用下的面内强度进行理论预测，得到与试验数据相吻合的结果，进而分析了缝纫密度对拉伸强度的影响。     

大开口复合材料层合板强度破坏研究

复合材料层合板的各向异性及非均质,使得复合材料层合板内部的破坏形式非常复杂.在复合材料结构的设计中,为满足制造及使用功能上的需求,在复合材料层合板承力结构件上不可避免地需要设计各种开口.然而,含大开口复合材料层合板的强度破坏问题变得更为复杂,使得现有的强度理论面临新的挑战.针对碳纤维增强复合材料大开口层合板受单向拉伸载荷作用下的强度破坏问题进行了数值分析和实验研究.首先,根据Hashin准则和刚度退化模型,对含不同圆形开口尺寸的[0]_(10)单向铺层、[0/90]_5和[±45]_5正交铺层的层合板,进行了单向拉伸载荷作用下渐进失效的数值模拟分析,获得了对应结构的极限载荷和破坏模式.在此基础上,采用数字图像相关方法,进行复合材料大开口层合板强度破坏的实验研究.研究结果表明,大开口复合材料层合板在单向拉伸加载下主要呈现脆性破坏形式,破坏起始位置处于应力集中区.此外,破坏强度和失效模式与复合材料铺层方式和开口尺寸大小密切相关.其中[±45]_5铺层的开口层合板承载能力最弱,分层破坏最严重.开口尺寸越大,结构的极限载荷值越低.同实验测试结果相比,数值模拟对复合材料层合板的损伤失效分析略显不足,往往很难全面分析复合材料层合板破坏失效过程中的各种因素的影响.     

基于分子动力学的氧化石墨烯拉伸断裂行为与力学性能研究

与石墨烯相比,氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide, GO)的亲水性、分散性和反应活性更好,更易于作为增强材料而研发生成性能超常的复合材料,但另一方面,由于其电子结构较为复杂,致使目前有关力学方面的研究存在一定差异.本文利用分子动力学方法,建立了羟基、羧基和环氧基等官能团随机分布的GO原子模型;通过单向拉伸模拟,分析了其断裂行为,结果表明,远离羟基和羧基的环氧基对断裂具有"诱导"作用,并从化学成键、体系能量和应力分布三个角度对其机理进行了阐释;此外,进一步研究了拉伸应力-应变曲线、极限强度、极限应变等力学性能与含氧官能团覆盖度间的关系,结果表明,极限强度、极限应变均随含氧官能团覆盖度的增大而呈减小趋势.分析认为,主要原因是官能团的出现对石墨烯面内的sp~2杂化形式造成了破坏,进而使得原子间键合能弱化,随着含氧官能团的覆盖度的增大,被弱化的键合能的数量和程度将越大,从而使得GO的极限强度、极限应变等越低.研究结果可为GO的基础研究和工程应用提供参考.     

纤维增强橡胶复合材料拉伸与破坏的试验分析

鉴于橡胶制品的广泛应用,本文利用Zwick020材料试验机和Zwick010双向拉伸材料试验机分析了一类纤维增强橡胶复合材料在不同温度条件下的单向拉伸及双向拉伸的力学行为.得到了不同温度条件下材料单向拉伸及双向拉伸的应力-应变关系曲线和材料的破坏条件,由此分析了温度条件和加载条件对纤维增强橡胶复合材料拉伸变形和破坏等力学性能的影响.同时利用实验结果拟合出材料的一类应变能函数及材料常数.     

形状记忆合金纤维复合材料的等效力学行为

在Aboudi提出的胞元模型以及Liu等建立的形状记忆合金的本构模型的基础上，由Legendre多项式，假设每个子胞元的位移场、应变场和应力场，再由子胞元间交界面的应力连续条件和外荷载边界条件推导出基体为弹塑性材料的形状记忆合金纤维复合材料的胞元模型；模拟了呈周期对称的形状记忆合金纤维复合材料受轴向单向拉伸、横向拉伸和横向剪切荷载作用下的等效力学行为，与有限元解进行了比较，结果基本一致。与有限元法比较起来，本文推导出的形状记忆合金纤维复合材料的胞元模型更具高效性。     

A study on validity of using average fiber aspect ratio for mechanical properties of aligned short fiber composites with different fiber aspect ratios

A closed-form solution using the actual distribution of the fiber aspect ratio is proposed for predicting the stiffness of aligned short fiber composite. The present model is the simplified form of Takao and Taya’s model and the extended version of Taya and Chou’s model, where Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion method modified for finite fiber volume fraction is employed. The validity of using average fiber aspect ratio for predicting the composite stiffness is justified in terms of the scatter of fiber aspect ratio, fiber volume fraction, and constituents‘ Young’s modulus ratio, comparing with the results by the present model. The guideline for selection of either the actual distribution or the average fiber aspect ratio is presented for the better prediction of the composite stiffness.     

裂纹端部细短纤维的应力分析

基于裂纹端部存在与其裂纹面相垂直的二相细短纤维分析模型，采用叠加原理推导了求解纤维表面应力分布函数的积分方程，通过简化得到了该方程的解析表达显式，该积分方程的特征值方程是纤维几何参数，材料常数以及纤维相对于裂纹位置的相关函数，当材料参数不满足特征方程时，积分方程将具有唯一解；并借助数值方法，给出了纤维剪应力分布算例，和纤维对应力强度因子的影响。     

A generalized self-consistent method accounting for fiber section shape

A three-phase confocal elliptical cylinder model is proposed for fiber-reinforced composites, in terms of which a generalized self-consistent method is developed for fiber-reinforced composites accounting for variations in fiber section shapes and randomness in fiber section orientation. The reasonableness of the fiber distribution function in the present model is shown. The dilute, self-consistent, differential and Mori–Tanaka methods are also extended to consider randomness in fiber section orientation in a statistical sense. A full comparison is made between various micromechanics methods and with the Hashin and Shtrikman’s bounds. The present method provides convergent and reasonable results for a full range of variations in fiber section shapes (from circular fibers to ribbons), for a complete spectrum of the fiber volume fraction (from 0 to 1, and the latter limit shows the correct asymptotic behavior in the fully packed case) and for extreme types of the inclusion phases (from voids to rigid inclusions). A very different dependence of the five effective moduli on fiber section shapes is theoretically predicted, and it provides a reasonable explanation on the poor correlation between previous theory and experiment in the case of longitudinal shear modulus.     

微拉曼光谱研究M55JB碳纤维/微滴的拉伸变形行为

使用评价纤维/基体界面力学性能的新方法纤维微滴拉伸测试,来研究M55JB碳纤维/环氧树脂基体之间的界面应力传递性能。使用自制的微加载装置对碳纤维/环氧树脂微滴试样进行对称式拉伸测试,用微拉曼光谱仪记录下不同应变下的嵌入微滴内纤维上的拉曼频移信号,经过应力/频移关系转换成纤维轴向应力。实验结果显示,微滴内纤维轴向应力随载荷而明显增加。根据界面力平衡模型得到相应的界面剪切应力呈反对称式分布,在纤维嵌入端存在剪应力集中。新测试方法能保证嵌入微滴内纤维上的应力呈对称式分布,而且能降低纤维嵌入端附近的应力奇异性。     

Continuous versus discrete (invariant) representations of fibrous structure for modeling non-linear anisotropic soft tissue behavior

The non-linear anisotropic mechanical response of soft tissue is largely dependent on the structure of the underlying collagen network. Collagen structure has been successfully quantified for various tissue types in terms of a locally defined fiber orientation distribution function. The continuous distribution function derived from structural data can be directly incorporated into an integral representation of the strain energy function for modeling tissue behavior. Alternatively, non-integral (often invariant-based) strain energy functions have been developed in which the collagen network structure is approximated using a discrete set of fiber classes. The advantage of such an approach is increased computational efficiency since the values of the strain energy and its derivatives (e.g. stress) can be evaluated without numerical integration. However, because of the structural simplifications such models are presumably unable to predict mechanical data as accurately as the models which incorporate a continuous orientation distribution function. In this work the ability of discrete versus continuous fiber models to capture the non-linear anisotropic response of soft tissue is critically analyzed. Both unimodal and bimodal fiber distributions are considered. A general formulation has been developed in terms of an arbitrary fiber strain energy function, such that the analysis can be performed for any suitable fiber material model. For tissue structures in which a discrete representation is suitable, techniques are presented for establishing the range of loading conditions in which model accuracy is not significantly compromised, thus justifying the use of an invariant-based modeling approach.     

Flow-driven orientation dynamics of semiflexible fiber systems

We study the flow-induced orientation dynamics of semiflexible fibers in dilute fiber suspensions. Starting from the equations of motion for a two-rod model of flexible fibers in Stokes flow, the Smoluchowski equation for a connected monomer orientation distribution function is derived. We then obtain a set of equations for the time dependence of the first and second moments of the orientation distribution function, thus extending the Folgar Tucker equations for short rigid fiber suspensions to flexible fiber suspensions. The resulting generalized equations for the orientation dynamics of a suspension of flexible fibers are solved for simple channel flow. It is shown that all qualitative effects of bending and straightening of fibers and their influence on the orientation of flexible fibers are captured within our model. A scalar measure for the distribution of bending in a flow is introduced, which allows to detect the degree of bending of fibers. Paper was presented at the 3rd Annual Rheology Conference, AERC 2006, April 27–29, 2006, Crete, Greece.     

Stress concentrations in composites with interface sliding,matrix stiffness and uneven fiber spacing using shear lag theory

The stress concentrations near a single fiber break in a unidirectionally reinforced fiber composite are investigated using a shear lag theory within the framework of finite elements. A model for uniformly spaced, well bonded fibers embedded in a matrix that cannot carry axial loads that was formulated previously is first introduced. The solution of this problem involves Fourier transforms and requires only a two-dimensional numerical integration. The work described in the current paper characterizes the stress concentrations around a single fiber break in the presence of fiber/matrix interface sliding, axial matrix stiffness and uneven fiber spacing. Due to the introduction of these complicating factors, the model no longer lends itself to the simple Fourier transformation solution method. For the case of interface sliding a new method is developed to handle sliding in any shear lag system. For the cases of axial matrix stiffness and uneven fiber spacing a finite element code specifically written for this problem is used to determine the fiber stresses. The results are discussed in the context of global versus local load sharing, and the effects on composite failure.     

光纤环十六极对称绕法温度性能的仿真与分析

温度性能对光纤陀螺的精度影响至关重要。通过深入研究光纤环的十六极对称绕法,达到了改善光纤陀螺温度性能的目的。在对光纤陀螺由Shupe误差引起的热致旋转速率误差数学模型离散化的基础上,结合ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了精确到匝的光纤环十六极对称绕法有限元模型。根据所建立的光纤环温度分布模型,仿真分析比较了在光纤环四周施加变化的温度激励和分别在径向和轴向施加相同的恒定温度激励下,十六极对称绕法与四极和八极对称绕法绕制的光纤陀螺的温度性能。仿真实验结果显示:由十六极对称绕法绕制的光纤陀螺的热致旋转速率误差要低于四极和八极对称绕法1~2个数量级,这对十六极对称绕法在高精度光纤陀螺中的应用具有重要意义。     

Stress analysis for a coated fiber embedded in an infinite matrix subjected to body force

A micromechanics model of a functionally graded coated fiber which is embedded in an infinite matrix is presented. Various combinations of friction-less sliding and perfect bounding conditions at interfaces are considered. The fiber loading is assumed to be a distributed body force. The mechanical properties of the graded coating are assumed to vary smoothly and continuously with the change of volume concentrations of the constituting materials along the radius according to a power law distribution. Numerical results show that the hoop stress at the fiber boundary in the matrix can be reduced to becoming negligible if an optimum volume fraction is chosen for coating.     

二维编织陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变行为

对二维编织陶瓷基复合材料拉伸应力-应变行为进行了试验研究和理论模拟. 将二维 编织结构简化为：正交铺层结构和纤维束波动结构. 基于基体随机开裂、纤维随机断裂分布 理论,得到正交铺层结构的应力-应变关系;基于体积平均方法,将纤维束波动部分进行分割, 引入强度分析模型,得到纤维束波动部分的应力-应变关系. 结合正交铺层部分和纤维束波动 部分的应力-应变关系,得到二维编织结构的应力-应变行为,理论与试验吻合较好.