Numerical simulation of isopachic parameter determined by phase-stepping interferometric photoelasticity

A phase-stepping interferometric photoelasticity method is proposed to determine whole-filed sum of principal stresses. The four phase steps are introduced by rotating quarter-wave plate and analyzer at definite optical arrangements. Light intensities and phase-stepping formula for the proposed method are derived using Jones calculus. Simulations of a circular disk under diametral compression demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.     

Real-time phase-shift ing techniques for determining the photoelastic parameters: a theoretical comparison

Among data acquisition techniques in digital photoelasticity, the integrated phase shifting technique (IPST) can real-time analyze the photoelastic parameters at a video rate of the high speed CCD camera. In this paper, fourteen algorithms are described by different configurations of the rotating an analyzer at a constant rate and an output quarter-wave plate at another constant rate. The theoretical comparisons of the algorithms are given by the simulated phase distributions of the isochromatic and isoclinic parameters of the disk under two cases that the load keeps unchangeable or linearly increasing in exposure time of the camera. Then a guideline is given to alleviate the influence of the load changing with time on the IPST.     

基于全卷积神经网络的多尺度视网膜血管分割

提出了一种基于多尺度特征融合的全卷积神经网络的视网膜血管分割方法,无需手工设计特征和后处理过程。利用跳跃连接构建编码器-解码器结构全卷积神经网络,将高层语义信息和低层特征信息进行融合;利用残差块进一步学习细节和纹理特征;利用不同空洞率的空洞卷积构建多尺度空间金字塔池化结构,进一步扩大感受野,充分结合图像上下文信息;采用类别平衡损失函数解决正负样本不均衡问题。实验结果表明,在DRIVE(Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction)和STARE (Structured Analysis of the Retina)数据集上的准确率分别为95.46%和96.84%,敏感性分别为80.53%和82.99%,特异性分别为97.67%和97.94%,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下的面积分别为97.71%和98.17%。所提方法相较于其他方法性能更优。     

数字全息干涉相位导数计算的研究

应变测量对材料评估与分析非常重要。通过计算数字全息干涉的相位导数可实现应变测量。本文针对数字全息干涉相位导数提取问题,对数字剪切法和基于二维伪维格纳法进行研究。数字剪切法通过对干涉复相量的数字平移实现剪切,确定干涉相位导数,而二维伪维格纳法则通过对干涉复相量的二维伪维格纳分布变换,由变换模极值对应的频域参数确定相位导数。数字剪切法需干涉复相量的数字剪切过程,还需相位去包裹。由于激光散斑噪声的影响,直接数字剪切法处理效果较差,通过对剪切干涉复相量滤波,能较好消除散斑噪声影响。二维伪维格纳法无需数字剪切和相位去包裹,就可同时得到2个方向的干涉相位导数,但处理时间较长,处理效果较差。最后,用数字全息干涉法对四周固定、中心加载铝圆盘进行了实际测量,并分别用数字剪切法和二维伪维格纳法进行了分析。结果表明,滤波数字剪切法处理时间适中,处理效果较好。     

碳纳米管应变传感测量与偏振拉曼控制方法研究

面向微尺度平面变形的精细测量对碳纳米管应变传感测量方法进行了理论与实验研究。利用碳纳米管的拉曼应变敏感性及其偏振选择性,针对各种典型的拉曼光谱系统偏振构型,推导建立了适于各种偏振拉曼构型的碳纳米管平面应变传感解析关系式。从测量学角度出发,对不同偏振构型下的应变传感进行了对比分析,得出入射与散射光偏振方向皆能够连续控制且始终保持平行的双偏协同构型最适合于平面应变传感,并进一步提出易于实现的双偏协同构型光路配置方式与控制方法。通过实验应用证明,所提出的方法能够有效的实现基于偏振拉曼的碳纳米管平面应变传感测量。     

An Experimental Analysis of Residual Stress Measurements in Porous Silicon Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Micro-Raman spectroscopy of porous silicon films of micrometre thickness and on silicon bulk substrates is carried out.The practical information is given for applications of stress measurements in the films which were obtained with electrochemical etching technique.Higher residual stress (reached GPa) in the etched area falls continuously through the transitional area to the un-etched area of the sample.However,the stress gradient is smaller in the etched or un-etched area and increases in the transitional area between the two areas.Using atomic force microscopy to investigate the surface appearance of porous silicon films,the micro-cavity structure is expected to relate to the distribution of residual stress.     

数字仿真形貌影栅云纹法及实验系统的原理

基于影栅虚云纹场的概念，提出并实现了对形貌影栅云纹法利用计算机布置影栅云纹仪各种光场，自动生成高质量全场仿真影栅云纹图，建立了一种数字仿真形貌影栅云纹法自动测量和处理一体化实验系统（全文简称为实验系统）.系统特别适合于作为形貌影栅云纹法误差分析的评估系统，对光场布置不同的影栅云纹仪及其对应的相移值近似程度不一样引起的初始系统误差进行分析、预测和评估，给出减少这种系统误差应遵循的准则.     

Variability on Raman Shift to Stress Coefficient of Porous Silicon

Porous silicon film is a capillary-like medium, which is able to reveal different meso-elastic modulus with porosity. During the preparation of porous silicon samples, the capillary force is a non-classic force related to the liquid evaporation which directly influences the evolution of residual stress. In this study, a non-linear relation of Raman shift to stress coefficient and the porosity is obtained from the elastic modulus measured with nano-indentation by Bellet et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 60 （1996） 3772] Dynamic capillarity during the drying process of porous silicon is investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy, and the results reveal that the residual stress resulted from the capillarity increased rapidly. Indeed, the dynamic capillarity has a close relationship with a great deal of micro-pore structures of the porous silicon.     

利用材料拉压异必无损检测残余应力的新方法

用实验手段研究了若干种材料在弹性范围内的拉压异性,发现某些材料的拉伸弹性模量与压缩弹必模量相差高达60%,从分析拉压异性产生的机理,描述了拉压导师性材料的应力应变关系,在此基础上提出了一种基于材料拉压异性的残余应力无损检测新方法,并进行了弯曲和扭转残余应力的典型实验,结果证明在某些条件下它是十分有效的,具有简便、精度高的特点。     

剪切增稠液改性软织物的单纱拉出测试研究

剪切增稠液浸渍柔性织物是防弹织物进行表面改性的潜在方法,利用剪切增稠液剪切率与粘度的极端非线性关系可显著提高纱线拔出力与拔出能量,从而增加柔性织物的抗冲击性能。本文以SiO_2为分散相、乙二醇为分散剂配置剪切增稠液,来浸渍Kevlar49平纹织物进行表面改性。对坯布与浸渍布进行纱线拔出测试,其载荷-位移曲线呈现相似趋势,均分为静摩擦与动摩擦两个阶段;与坯布的极限拔出载荷出现在静摩擦阶段不同,浸渍布的极限拔出载荷出现在动摩擦阶段,且明显大于坯布。另外,浸渍布的纱线拔出能量和面内剪切变形均有明显的提升,且与剪切增稠液的质量分数和纱线拉拔速率相关。