一种新的墙单元

本文提出了一种新的空间墙单元模型，这种墙单元把土建中常用的剪力墙作为它的一种特殊情形，本文基于四边形壳单元所提出的墙单元在平面内是一块膜，它除面内的两个平动自由度外还具有绕平面转动的自由度，平面外是一块弯曲板，因而它是膜和板的一个组合，它的每个节点具有空间的全部六个自由度，由于空间墙平面内和平面外的刚度，因此这种新的墙单元能够直接与三维框架的梁、柱单元连接。它也能很容易地处理墙的空间变形。     

一个基于膜板比拟理论的四节点二十四自由度的平板壳单元

应用膜板比拟关系 ,可以避开 c1 连续性的困难 ,为板单元的构造提供了一种新的途径 ,并已成功地构造出一系列相应的板单元。本文构造了一个四节点二十四自由度的平板壳单元 ,该单元由平面四节点理性元 RQ4(膜部分 )和由膜板比拟理论构造的一个四节点十二自由度的板单元 (弯曲部分 )构成。该单元构造简单 ,数值结果表明具有很好的收敛性和精度。     

基于8节点平面单元的RC梁柱节点单元

为了分析RC框架结构的非线性滞回性能,基于平面8节点单元,本文提出了一个新的针对受循环荷载作用钢筋混凝土的梁柱节点单元．单元中梁与节点交界面和柱与节点交界面被划分成“节点截面”和“梁柱截面”,节点核心区的力学性能由8节点单元描述,而梁柱受力钢筋与节点核心区的粘结滑移由存在于“节点截面”和“梁柱截面”之间的8根弹簧控制,梁柱与节点之间的剪切由4根剪切弹簧表示．单元具有4个外节点和8个内节点,每个内节点具有2个自由度,每个外节点具有3个自由度,该3个自由度与普通梁单元一致,从而确保本单元能够同普通一维梁柱单元一起进行钢筋混凝土结构平面非线性分析．通过将内节点上的自由度依附到外节点上,单元在数值表现上具有4个节点和28个自由度．通过对比试验和模拟分析结果,验证了本模型适合于循环荷载作用下平面框架结构的非线性响应分析．     

基于平面弹性—板弯曲模拟关系的薄板有限元列式——从膜单元到薄板单元

本文全面讨论了基于平面弹性－－板弯曲模拟关系的薄板有限单元的理论和方法,由于直接对弯矩函数进行插值,c1连续性的要求得以自然避免,薄板单元可以直接在c0连续的层面上加以构造,无需借用Reissner-Mindlin的中厚板理论,由之引发的闭锁问题也得以避免,本文系统地阐明了平面弹性膜单元与薄板弯曲单元的对应关系,及由平面弹性膜单元的向薄板弯曲单元转换的一整套方法。为薄板单元的构造提供了一条新的有余的途径,文中给出了对应于平面弹性膜单元CST,LST,Q4,Q8的薄板单元,我们称之为MPS板单元,MPS板元以挠度和转角为自由度,便于实际应用,和其它板单元相比具有非常高的精度。     

构造几何不敏感四边形膜元的广义协调方法

许多有限元模型在规则网格下具有很高的精度，但当网格畸变程度增大时，其计算精度也随之迅速下降．如何构造出对网格畸变不敏感的单元，长期以来是人们十分关注的课题．本文应用作者早期提出的广义协调方法，构造出具有平面内旋转自由度的任意四边形膜元．该单元不仅列式简洁，而且具有对网格畸变极不敏感的优异性能，为构造对网格畸变不敏感的优质单元提供了一个通用方法     

一种考虑横向剪切变形的三角形板弯曲单元

本文从部分协调的三角形薄板弯曲单元出发，并假设横向剪切应变在单元内线性变化，提出了一种考虑横向剪切变形有具有１５个自由度的三角平板弯曲单元。该单元应用于薄板和中等厚度板分析均有较高的精度，计算效率高，可用于工程中具有复杂形状的薄板和中等厚度板结构的分析。     

广义协调扇形板弯曲单元

本文基于修正的势能泛函,引入适当的广义协调条件,导出了一种具有12个自由度的广义协调板弯曲扇形位移单元GC—S12,这种单元自由度少,列式简单,精度高。     

基于平面偶应力-Reissner/Mindlin板比拟的偶应力有限元

偶应力理论的有限元列式面临本质性的C1连续性困难. 平面偶应力理论和Reissner/Mindlin板弯曲理论之间的比拟关系表明这两个理论系统的有 限元的同一性，而R/M板有限元并不存在C1连续性困难. 因此，研究将R/M板单元转化为具有一般位移自由度的平面偶应力单元的一般方法. 根据这一方法，将典型的8节点Serendipity型R/M板单元Q8S转化为一个4节点12 自由度的四边形平面偶应力单元，数值结果表明该单元具有良好的精度和收敛性     

半解析板—梁超级元

本文构造了一种半解析板－梁超级元，它由板－梁超级弯曲元与板－梁超级平面元组合成。由于采用解析型的染函数作为超级元弯曲位移模式，因而这一超级元具有精度高、自由度少的优点。用超级元法对由大量板和梁构件组成的复杂结构进行整体分析、尤其是进行动力分析时，这一超级元是一种高效的单元，文中导出了这一超级元的全部列式。     

半解析板－梁超级元

本文构造了一种半解析板－梁超级元，它由板－梁超级弯曲元与板－梁超级平面元组合成。由于采用解析型的梁函数作为超级元弯曲位移模式，因而这一超级元具有精度高、自由度少的优点。用超级元法对由大量板和梁构件组成的复杂结构进行整体分析、尤其是进行动力分析时，这一超级元是一种高效的单元。文中导出了这一超级元的全部列式。     

L形柱在反复荷载作用下的非线性分析

在平截面假定的前提下,将钢筋混凝土L形柱划分为两端弹塑性区、中间为弹性区的三分段杆单元模型。将应用于平面剪力墙的多垂直杆单元模型拓展为空间的多垂直杆单元模型,推导了拓展的多垂直杆单元模型单元刚度矩阵,经静力凝聚为三分段杆单元模型刚度矩阵,该单元模型可用于各种截面形式的钢筋混凝土异形柱、剪力墙墙肢和梁的非线性分析,计算工作量较小。讨论了目前垂直杆的轴向拉压滞回模型,提出了轴向拉压滞回曲线考虑骨架曲线下降段的简化处理方法。最后提供了算例,结果表明本文方法计算的滞回轴线与在反复加载下L形柱的试验结果吻合较好。     

剪力墙的面外刚度对建筑结构计算结果的影响

剪力在钢筋混凝土建筑结构中有着广泛的应用,在计算时一般都忽略剪力面外刚度的贡献。本文利用一种同时具有面内刚度和面外刚度的剪力墙模型,研究了剪力墙的面外刚度对整体结构的控制位移和固有频率的影响。结果表明,剪力面外刚度的贡献与剪力墙之间的耦合程度以及是要用刚性楼板假定有关,在大型复杂的纵横剪力墙结构中,剪力墙面外刚度的贡献不可忽略。     

基于特征正交分解的一类瞬态非线性热传导问题的新型快速分析方法

提出了一种基于特征正交分解(POD)和有限元法的瞬态非线性热传导问题的模型降阶快速分析方法, 建立了导热系数随温度变化的一类瞬态非线性热传导问题有限元格式的POD降阶模型. 在隐式时间推进方法的基础上有效结合单元预转换方法和多级线性化方法发展了一种加速求解瞬态非线性热传导降阶模型的新型计算方法,并通过二维和三维算例验证了该方法的准确性和高效性. 研究结果表明: (1)降阶模型解的均方根误差在经过初始时段轻微的脉动后稳定于0.01%以下, 而其计算效率比有限元全阶模型提高2$\sim $3个数量级, 并且自由度数量(DOFs)愈大提高的幅度也愈加显著; (2)新型算法解决了常规算法在计算非线性降阶模型时加速性能差的问题, 即使是在DOFs比较小的时候也能够明显提高计算效率; (3)常数边界条件下得到的POD模态可以用来建立相同求解域在各种复杂时变边界条件下的瞬态非线性热传导降阶模型, 并对其传热过程和温度场进行快速准确的分析与预测, 具有很好的工程应用价值.      

A spectrally formulated finite element for wave propagation analysis in functionally graded beams

In this paper, spectral finite element method is employed to analyse the wave propagation behavior in a functionally graded (FG) beam subjected to high frequency impulse loading, which can be either thermal or mechanical. A new spectrally formulated element that has three degrees of freedom per node (based upon the first order shear deformation theory) is developed, which has an exact dynamic stiffness matrix, obtained by exactly solving the homogeneous part of the governing equations in the frequency domain. The element takes into account the variation of thermal and mechanical properties along its depth, which can be modeled either by explicit distribution law like the power law and the exponential law or by rule of mixture as used in composite. Ability of the element in capturing the essential wave propagation behavior other than predicting the propagating shear mode (which appears only at high frequency and is present only in higher order beam theories), is demonstrated. Propagation of stress wave and smoothing of depthwise stress distribution with time is presented. Dependence of cut-off frequency and maximum stress gradient on material properties and FG material (FGM) content is studied. The results are compared with the 2D plane stress FE and 1D Beam FE formulation. The versatility of the method is further demonstrated through the response of FG beam due to short duration highly transient temperature loading.     

平面梁杆结构几何非线性分析的一种简便方法

本文提出了一种新的几何非线性分析方法，适用于结点位移任意大，单元刚体转角任意大、单元局部弯曲比较小的平面梁杆结构。文中的刚度矩阵和附加荷载列阵都是以显式形式给出的，可直接应用。     

A new theoretical approach for structural modelling of riveted and spot welded multi-spot structures

A general theoretical approach based on theory of elasticity is presented in order to define the structural behaviour of riveted and spot welded joints. The new closed form solutions lead to the definition of a joint element useful to FE models of riveted or spot welded multi-spot structures. The objective is an accurate evaluation of the local elastic stiffness of spot joints in FE analysis, which is fundamental to perform a reliable simulation of multi-joint structures and, consequently, a good estimate of loads acting on spots; this makes it possible to introduce structural stress or new general criteria allowing, for example, to predict fatigue behaviour. On the other hand, a low entry of degrees of freedom is needed when several spot joints are present in a complex structure. The goal is to reach a reliable spot region model which can be used as the basis to develop a spot element in FE analysis. In the present paper, based on new closed form solutions, a spot element is introduced, so as to precisely evaluate both local and overall stiffness both of spot welded joints and riveted joints. Based on the stress function approach and the Kirchhoff plate theory in linear elastic hypotheses, closed-form in-plane stress, displacement, moment and transverse shear force solutions are derived for a new bidimensional model, subjected to various types of loads. The capability to simulate spot welds or rivets depends on the definition of two elastic parameters intrinsic in closed form solutions, that tunes the theoretical model according to actual joint behaviour.The proposed joint element combines the precision in the simulation with a very limited number degrees of freedom in the overall finite element model of an actual multi-spot structure.The results obtained using the introduced theoretical framework and spot element approach perfectly match those obtained using very refined FE models and experimental data.     

改进型扩展比例边界有限元法

结合了扩展有限元法(extended finite elementmethods,XFEM)和比例边界有限元法(scaled boundary finite elementmethods,SBFEM)的主要优点,提出了一种改进型扩展比例边界有限元法(improvedextended scaled boundary finite elementmethods,$i$XSBFEM),为断裂问题模拟提供了一条新的途径.类似XFEM,采用两个正交的水平集函数表征材料内部裂纹面,并基于水平集函数判断单元切割类型;将被裂纹切割的单元作为SBFE的子域处理,采用SBFEM求解单元刚度矩阵,从而避免了XFEM中求解不连续单元刚度矩阵需要进一步进行单元子划分的缺陷;同时,借助XFEM的主要思想,将裂纹与单元边界交点的真实位移作为单元结点的附加自由度考虑,赋予了单元结点附加自由度明确的物理意义,可以直接根据位移求解结果得出裂纹与单元边界交点的位移;对于含有裂尖的单元,选取围绕裂尖单元一圈的若干层单元作为超级单元,并将此超级单元作为SBFE的一个子域求解刚度矩阵,超级单元内部的结点位移可通过SBFE的位移模式求解得到,应力强度因子可基于裂尖处的奇异位移(应力)直接获得,无需借助其他的数值方法.最后,通过若干数值算例验证了建议的$i$XSBFEM的有效性,相比于常规XFEM,$i$XSBFEM的基于位移范数的相对误差收敛性较好;采用$i$XSBFEM通过应力法和位移法直接计算得到的裂尖应力强度因子均与解析解吻合\较好.      

部分共同作用框架组合梁有限元分析模型

本文提出了一种新的适用框架整体分析的组合梁有限元模型。在分析了相互作用程度对组合梁刚度影响的基础上,根据Newmark等人的一维部分相互作用理论,建立起部分共同作用组合梁平衡微分方程;结合框架组合梁受力特点引入合理的边界条件,推导出了能够考虑滑移的组合梁单元弹性刚度方程;还给出了常见非节点荷载的等效荷载公式。该组合梁单元节点自由度少,每个构件只需一个单元来模拟,方便了带组合梁钢框架的结构分析。本文的研究还为进一步地考虑混凝土开裂、压碎,钢材屈服等非线性因素,建立组合梁单元弹塑性刚度矩阵提供了理论基础。     

Direct numerical simulation of turbulence over resolved and modeled rough walls with irregularly distributed roughness

To simulate turbulent flow over a rough wall without resolving complicated rough geometries, a macroscopic rough wall model is developed based on spatial (plane) averaging theory. The plane-averaged drag force term, which arises through averaging the Navier–Stokes equations in a plane parallel to a rough wall, can be modeled using a plane porosity and a plane hydraulic diameter. To evaluate the developed model, direct and macroscopic model simulations for turbulence over irregularly distributed semi-spheres at Reynolds number of 300 are carried out using the D3Q27 multiple-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method. The results show that the developed model can be used to predict rough wall skin friction. The results agree quantitatively with standard turbulence statistics such as mean velocity and Reynolds stress profiles with the fully resolved DNS data. Since velocity dispersion occurs inside the rough wall and is found to contribute to turbulence energy dissipation, which the developed model cannot account for, the developed model fails to reproduce dispersion-related turbulence energy dissipation. However, it is found that the plane-averaged drag force term can successfully recover the deficiency of dispersion-related turbulence energy dissipation.     

Mixed hybrid penalty finite element method and its application

The penalty and hybrid methods are being much used in dealing with the general incompatible element, With the penalty method convergence can always be assured, but comparatively speaking its accuracy is lower, and the condition number and sparsity are not so good. With the hybrid method, convergence can be assured only when the rank condition is satisfied. So the construction of the element is extremely limited. This paper presents the mixed hybrid penalty element method, which combines the two methods together. And it is proved theoretically that this new method is convergent, and it has the same accuracy, condition number and sparsity as the compatible element. That is to say, they are optimal to each other.Finally, a new triangle element for plate bending with nine freedom degrees is constructed with this method (three degreesof freedom are given on each corner——one displacement and tworotations), the calculating formula of the element stiffness matrix is almost the same as that of the old triangle element for plate bending with nine degrees of freedom But it is converged to true solution with arbitrary irregrlar triangle subdivision. If the true solution u∈H³ with this method the linear and quadratic rates of convergence are obtianed for three bending moments and for the displacement and two rotations respectively.